Protective effects of losartan on some type 2 diabetes mellitus-induced complications in Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-538
Author(s):  
Daniela Pechlivanova ◽  
Ekaterina Krumova ◽  
Nedelina Kostadinova ◽  
Jeny Mitreva-Staleva ◽  
Petar Grozdanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive

β-Pro7Ang III is a novel highly selective angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) agonist, which acts as a vasodepressor agent via the AT2R in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Del Borgo ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Sanja Bosnyak ◽  
Morimer Khan ◽  
Pia Walters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Protein Binding ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive

We have synthesized a highly selective compound that is able to target a protein-binding site [called angiotensin (Ang) II type 2 receptor, AT2R] in the cardiovascular system. This research tool will enhance our ability to stimulate AT2R to produce protective effects against cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Vascular Disease in Diabetic Women: Why Do They Miss the Female Protection?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Villela Dantas ◽  
Zuleica Bruno Fortes ◽  
Maria Helena Catelli de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Vascular Protection

Gender plays a pivotal role in the onset as well as in the progression of the cardiovascular disease with a higher morbidity and mortality being detected in men with respect to women. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) may reduce gender-related differences in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease by fading the vascular protective effects afforded by estrogen in females. This article will discuss the role of sex and sex hormones on the incidence and mechanisms involved in vascular dysfunction associated to T2DM, which might explain why women with T2DM lack the vascular protection.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF PARODONTROTECTOR EFFICIENCY OF THE COMPLEX OF DRUGS IN RATS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES DURING ORTHODONTIC TEETH RELOCATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Svetlana Dem'yanenko ◽  
Marina Morozova ◽  
Andrey Morozov ◽  
Anastasiya Denga ◽  
Olga Makarenko
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Introduction. Pathological changes in the periodontium in people with diabetes mellitus, according to some data, are aggravated after orthodontic intervention, which dictates the need to carry out preventive measures, the effectiveness of which will determine the quality of orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to study the periodontal protective effect of two domestic antidisbiotic drugs containing plant extracts, vitamins, calcium and phosphorus salts. Methodology. The experiments were carried out on white Wistar rats, divided into 5 groups. The gums and periodontal bone tissue were isolated. The activity of urease, lysozyme and the content of hyaluronic acid was determined in the gingival homogenate, and the degree of dysbiosis was calculated. In the homogenate of the periodontal bone tissue, the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatases was determined, the mineralization index and the degree of mineralization, as well as the content of calcium and protein, were calculated. Results. The obtained results of our study have convincingly proved the pronounced periodontal protection efficacy of antidisbiotic drugs for oral applications of the plates "CM-2" and the drug Enoant polyphenols. The proposed therapeutic and prophylactic complex inhibits inflammation, destruction of bone tissue and the development of dysbiosis, along with the manifestation of pronounced adaptogenic, antimicrobial and periodontal protective effects in experimental animals against the background of the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and orthodontic tooth movement. Conclusion. The proposed therapeutic and prophylactic complex inhibits inflammation, destruction of bone tissue and the development of dysbiosis in experimental animals against the background of the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and orthodontic tooth movement. The obtained results of the experimental study serve as the basis for the recommendation of the investigated complex, including the local application of plates with herbal extracts, vitamins, calcium and microelements, along with the systemic use of grape polyphenol concentrate, in an orthodontic clinic for patients with diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Physical activity and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: population studies review

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 486-493
Author(s):  
Sergey N. Bogatyrev
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Risk

Physical activity is one of the most important components of a healthy lifestyle. Regular physical activity helps to maintain normal blood glucose levels and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review presents population studies investigating physical activity as a factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus risk. A search using the keywords ‘physical activity’, ‘type 2 diabetes mellitus’ and ‘risk’ identified more than 40 relevant original studies and meta-analyses, which are presented in this review. Different types of physical activity have positive protective effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus risk and reduce the risk of death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Probiotics ameliorate pioglitazone-associated bone loss in diabetic rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Gholami ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Dabbaghmanesh ◽  
Younes Ghasemi ◽  
Pedram Talezadeh ◽  
Farhad Koohpeyma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Protective Effects

Abstract Background Pioglitazone as a PPAR-g agonist are used for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, evidence showed that the therapeutic modulation of PPARg activity using Pioglitazone may be linked with bone mass reduction and fracture risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The objective of the current research was to inspect the preventive role of some types of probiotic strains including ( Lactobacillus acidophilus , Lactobacillus reuteri , Lactobacillus casei , Bifidiobacterum longum and Bacillus coagulans ) against pioglitazone-induced bone loss. Methods Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) was administered for diabetes induction. Diabetic rats were fed orally with pioglitazone (300 mg/kg) and probiotics (1×109 CFU/ml/day) alone and in combination of both for 4 weeks. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) were used to asses BMD, BMC and area of the femur, spine and tibia at the experiment termination. Serum glucose, serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus, BUN, Creatinine, and urine calcium were also analyzed. Results Administration of pioglitazone and probiotics alone and in combination significantly improved elevated blood glucose. Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased urinary calcium and BUN, and decreased ALP and creatinine. Co-treatment of probiotics with pioglitazone significantly decreased urinary calcium, creatinine and ALP. Pioglitazone showed detrimental effects on femur-BMD whereas treatment with probiotics remarkably ameliorated these effects. Among the tested probiotics Bifidiobacterum longum displayed the best protective effects on pioglitazone-induced bone loss in diabetic rats. Conclusion This study suggests probiotic supplementation in diabetic patients on pioglitazone regime could be considering as a good strategy to ameliorate bone loss induced by pioglitazone.

scholarly journals Pleiotropic effects of the dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors on the cardiovascular system

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (4) ◽  
pp. H477-H492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annayya R. Aroor ◽  
James R. Sowers ◽  
Guanghong Jia ◽  
Vincent G. DeMarco
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Inhibitory Peptide ◽  
Gastric Inhibitory Peptide ◽  
Dipeptidylpeptidase 4

Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane protein that removes NH2-terminal dipeptides from various substrate hormones, chemokines, neuropeptides, and growth factors. Two known substrates of DPP-4 include the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory peptide, which are secreted by enteroendocrine cells in response to postprandial hyperglycemia and account for 60–70% of postprandial insulin secretion. DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) block degradation of GLP-1 and gastric inhibitory peptide, extend their insulinotropic effect, and improve glycemia. Since 2006, several DPP-4i have become available for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical trials confirm that DPP-4i raises GLP-1 levels in plasma and improves glycemia with very low risk for hypoglycemia and other side effects. Recent studies also suggest that DPP-4i confers cardiovascular and kidney protection, beyond glycemic control, which may reduce the risk for further development of the multiple comorbidities associated with obesity/type 2 diabetes mellitus, including hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and kidney disease. The notion that DPP-4i may improve CVD outcomes by mechanisms beyond glycemic control is due to both GLP-1-dependent and GLP-1-independent effects. The CVD protective effects by DPP-4i result from multiple factors including insulin resistance, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, adipose tissue dysfunction, dysfunctional immunity, and antiapoptotic properties of these agents in the heart and vasculature. This review focuses on cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating the CVD protective effects of DPP-4i beyond favorable effects on glycemic control.

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