scholarly journals Probiotics ameliorate pioglitazone-associated bone loss in diabetic rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Gholami ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Dabbaghmanesh ◽  
Younes Ghasemi ◽  
Pedram Talezadeh ◽  
Farhad Koohpeyma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Protective Effects

Abstract Background Pioglitazone as a PPAR-g agonist are used for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, evidence showed that the therapeutic modulation of PPARg activity using Pioglitazone may be linked with bone mass reduction and fracture risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The objective of the current research was to inspect the preventive role of some types of probiotic strains including ( Lactobacillus acidophilus , Lactobacillus reuteri , Lactobacillus casei , Bifidiobacterum longum and Bacillus coagulans ) against pioglitazone-induced bone loss. Methods Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) was administered for diabetes induction. Diabetic rats were fed orally with pioglitazone (300 mg/kg) and probiotics (1×109 CFU/ml/day) alone and in combination of both for 4 weeks. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) were used to asses BMD, BMC and area of the femur, spine and tibia at the experiment termination. Serum glucose, serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus, BUN, Creatinine, and urine calcium were also analyzed. Results Administration of pioglitazone and probiotics alone and in combination significantly improved elevated blood glucose. Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased urinary calcium and BUN, and decreased ALP and creatinine. Co-treatment of probiotics with pioglitazone significantly decreased urinary calcium, creatinine and ALP. Pioglitazone showed detrimental effects on femur-BMD whereas treatment with probiotics remarkably ameliorated these effects. Among the tested probiotics Bifidiobacterum longum displayed the best protective effects on pioglitazone-induced bone loss in diabetic rats. Conclusion This study suggests probiotic supplementation in diabetic patients on pioglitazone regime could be considering as a good strategy to ameliorate bone loss induced by pioglitazone.

scholarly journals Probiotics Ameliorate Pioglitazone-associated Bone Loss in Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Gholami ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Dabbaghmanesh ◽  
Younes Ghasemi ◽  
Pedram Talezadeh ◽  
Farhad Koohpeyma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Protective Effects

Abstract Background: Pioglitazone as a PPAR-g agonist are used for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, evidence showed that the therapeutic modulation of PPARg activity using Pioglitazone may be linked with bone mass reduction and fracture risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The objective of the current research was to inspect the preventive role of some types of probiotic strains including (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidiobacterum longum and Bacillus coagulans) against pioglitazone-induced bone loss.Methods: Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) was administered for diabetes induction. Diabetic rats were fed orally with pioglitazone (300 mg/kg) and probiotics (1×109 CFU/ml/day) alone and in combination of both for 4 weeks. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) were used to asses BMD, BMC and area of the femur, spine and tibia at the experiment termination. Serum glucose, serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus, BUN, Creatinine, and urine calcium were also analyzed. Results: Administration of pioglitazone and probiotics alone and in combination significantly improved elevated blood glucose. Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased urinary calcium and BUN, and decreased ALP and creatinine. Co-treatment of probiotics with pioglitazone significantly decreased urinary calcium, creatinine and ALP. Pioglitazone showed detrimental effects on femur-BMD whereas treatment with probiotics remarkably ameliorated these effects. Among the tested probiotics Bifidiobacterum longum displayed the best protective effects on pioglitazone-induced bone loss in diabetic rats.Conclusion:This study suggests probiotic supplementation in diabetic patients on pioglitazone regime could be considering as a good strategy to ameliorate bone loss induced by pioglitazone.

scholarly journals Probiotics ameliorate pioglitazone-associated bone loss in diabetic rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Gholami ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Dabbaghmanesh ◽  
Younes Ghasemi ◽  
Pedram Talezadeh ◽  
Farhad Koohpeyma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Ppar Gamma ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Diabetic Patients

Abstract Background: Pioglitazone, as a PPAR gamma agonist, is used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, evidence showed that the therapeutic modulation of PPAR gamma activity using pioglitazone might be linked with bone mass reduction and fracture risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The objective of the current research was to inspect the preventive role of some types of probiotic strains, including (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bacillus coagulans) against pioglitazone-induced bone loss.Methods: Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) was administered for diabetes induction. Diabetic rats were fed orally with pioglitazone (300 mg/kg) and probiotics (1×109 CFU/ml/day) alone and in combination for four weeks. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to assess BMD, BMC, and area of the femur, spine, and tibia at the end of the experiment. Serum glucose, serum calcium (Ca), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), phosphorus (P), Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and urine calcium were also analyzed. Results: Administration of pioglitazone and probiotics alone and, in combination, significantly reduced elevated blood glucose. Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased urinary calcium and BUN and decreased ALP and creatinine. Co-treatment of probiotics with pioglitazone significantly decreased urinary calcium, creatinine, and ALP. Pioglitazone showed detrimental effects on femur-BMD, whereas treatment with probiotics remarkably ameliorated these effects. Among the tested probiotics, Bifidobacterium longum displayed the best protective effects on pioglitazone-induced bone loss in diabetic rats. Conclusion: This study suggests probiotic supplementation in diabetic patients on pioglitazone regime could be considering as an excellent strategy to ameliorate bone loss induced by pioglitazone.

Association of Major Dietary Patterns with General and Abdominal Obesity in Iranian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Ghane Basiri ◽  
Gity Sotoudeh ◽  
Mahmood Djalali ◽  
Mohammad Reza Eshraghian ◽  
Neda Noorshahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
General Obesity ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract. Background: The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns associated with general and abdominal obesity in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: We included 728 patients (35 - 65 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus in this cross-sectional study. The usual dietary intake of individuals over 1 year was collected using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured according to standard protocol. Results: The two major dietary patterns identified by factor analysis were healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns. After adjustment for potential confounders, subjects in the highest quintile of the healthy dietary pattern scores had a lower odds ratio for the general obesity when compared to the lowest quintile (OR = 0.45, 95 % CI = 0.26 - 0.79, P for trend = 0.02), while patients in the highest quintile of the unhealthy dietary pattern scores had greater odds for the general obesity (OR = 3.2, 95 % CI = 1.8 - 5.9, P for trend < 0.001). There were no significant associations between major dietary patterns and abdominal obesity, even after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion: This study shows that in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a healthy dietary pattern is inversely associated and an unhealthy dietary pattern is directly associated with general obesity.

ESTIMATION OF SERUM FERRITIN LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS AND ITS RELATION WITH HbA1C LEVEL.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah Namrata Vinubhai ◽  
Pardeep Agarwal ◽  
Bushra Fiza ◽  
Ramkishan Jat
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Positive Correlation

Background: Serum ferritin is known as an index for body iron stores also as an inflammatory marker and it is influenced by several disease. We were looking for a correlation between HbA1c and S. Ferritin in type 2 DM. Methodology: The present study a total of 150 participants were enrolled of which 100 were confirmed cases of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and rest 50 age and sex matched healthy subjects constituted the control group. All were screened for HbA1c, Fasting blood sugar, Post prandial blood sugar and S.Ferritin. Results: A highly significant variation and positive correlation was observed with respect to S.Ferritin and HbA1c levels. Mean S.Ferritin was high in the subgroup with poor glycemic control. Conclusion: The fasting, post prandial sugar levels, HbA1c and S.Ferritin were significantly higher in the diabetic subjects. This study shows a positive correlation between HbA1c and S. Ferritin levels. So we can conclude that in diabetic patients S. Ferritin may serve as an independent marker of poor glycemic and metabolic control. Keywords: Serum ferritin, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, HbA1c.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review on Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Anna Izzo ◽  
Elena Massimino ◽  
Gabriele Riccardi ◽  
Giuseppe Della Pepa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Macrovascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Age Related

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a major health burden for the elderly population, affecting approximately 25% of people over the age of 65 years. This percentage is expected to increase dramatically in the next decades in relation to the increased longevity of the population observed in recent years. Beyond microvascular and macrovascular complications, sarcopenia has been described as a new diabetes complication in the elderly population. Increasing attention has been paid by researchers and clinicians to this age-related condition—characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass together with the loss of muscle power and function—in individuals with T2DM; this is due to the heavy impact that sarcopenia may have on physical and psychosocial health of diabetic patients, thus affecting their quality of life. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an update on: (1) the risk of sarcopenia in individuals with T2DM, and (2) its association with relevant features of patients with T2DM such as age, gender, body mass index, disease duration, glycemic control, presence of microvascular or macrovascular complications, nutritional status, and glucose-lowering drugs. From a clinical point of view, it is necessary to improve the ability of physicians and dietitians to recognize early sarcopenia and its risk factors in patients with T2DM in order to make appropriate therapeutic approaches able to prevent and treat this condition.

scholarly journals Fermented pork fat (Sa-um) and lifestyle risk factors as potential indicators for type 2 diabetes among the Mizo population, Northeast India

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda Lalrohlui ◽  
Souvik Ghatak ◽  
John Zohmingthanga ◽  
Vanlal Hruaii ◽  
Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Lifestyle Habits ◽  
Pork Fat

AbstractOver the last few decades, Mizoram has shown an increase in cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, no in-depth scientific records are available to understand the occurrence of the disease. In this study, 500 patients and 500 healthy controls were recruited to understand the possible influence of their dietary and lifestyle habits in relation with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A multivariate analysis using Cox regression was carried out to find the influence of dietary and lifestyle factors, and an unpaired t test was performed to find the difference in the levels of biochemical tests. Out of 500 diabetic patients, 261 (52.3%) were males and 239 (47.7%) were females, and among the control group, 238 (47.7%) were males and 262 (52.3%) were females. Fermented pork fat, Sa-um (odds ratio (OR) 18.98), was observed to be a potential risk factor along with tuibur (OR 0.1243) for both males and females. Creatinine level was found to be differentially regulated between the male and female diabetic patients. This is the first report of fermented pork fat and tobacco (in a water form) to be the risk factors for diabetes. The unique traditional foods like Sa-um and local lifestyle habits like tuibur of the Mizo population may trigger the risk for the prevalence of the disease, and this may serve as a model to study other populations with similar traditional practices.

Increased Serum WISP1 Levels are Associated with Lower Extremity Atherosclerotic Disease in Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Cheng ◽  
Xiaohui Du ◽  
Bilin Zhang ◽  
Junxia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Atherosclerotic Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Newly Diagnosed

Abstract Background Serum wnt1-induced signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) levels are increased with obesity, which is a common complication associated with lower extremity atherosclerotic disease (LEAD). However, to date, the relationship between elevated WISP1 levels and the incidence of lower extremity atherosclerotic disease (LEAD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. Methods 174 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled in our study. Patients were divided into two groups, LEAD group (n=100) and control group (n=74). Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure and some biochemical parameters were obtained. Body composition was detected by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Levels of serum insulin were determined by radioimmunoassay. Serum WISP1 and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results It was shown that serum WISP1 levels in diabetic patients with LEAD were higher than those without LEAD (P<0.001). Serum WISP1 levels were positively related with waist circumference (r=0.237, P=0.003), waist-hip ratio (r=0.22, P=0.006), visceral fat area (r=0.354, P<0.001), serum creatinine (r=0.192, P=0.012), interleukin 6 (r=0.182, P=0.032), c-reactive protein (r=0.681, P<0.001), triglycerides (r=0.119, P<0.001), fasting glucose (r=0.196, P=0.011), glycated hemoglobin (r=0.284, P<0.001), and HOMA-IR (r=0.285, P<0.026). Compared with the lowest tertile, the odds ratio of the middle tertile for LEAD incidence was 3.27 (95% CI, 1.24–8.64) and 4.46 (95% CI, 1.62–12.29) for the highest tertile after adjusting confounding factors. Conclusion The results suggest that increased serum WISP1 levels independently contribute to the incidence of LEAD in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM.

scholarly journals Risk stratification score for acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Lee ◽  
J Zhou ◽  
CL Guo ◽  
WKK Wu ◽  
WT Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) are major cardiovascular adverse outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus. Although there are many risk scores on composite outcomes of major cardiovascular adverse outcomes or cardiovascular mortality for diabetic patients, these existing scores did not account for the difference in pathogenesis and prognosis between acute coronary syndrome and lethal ventricular arrhythmias. Furthermore, recent studies reported that HbA1c and lipid levels, which were often accounted for in these risk scores, have J/U-shaped relationships with adverse outcomes. Purpose The present study aims to evaluate the application of incorporating non-linear J/U-shaped relationships between mean HbA1c and cholesterol levels into risk scores for predicting for AMI and non-AMI related SCD respectively, amongst type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods This was a territory-wide cohort study of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus above the age 40 and free from prior AMI and SCD, with or without prescriptions of anti-diabetic agents between January 1st, 2009 to December 31st, 2009 at government-funded hospitals and clinics in Hong Kong. Risk scores were developed for predicting incident AMI and non-AMI related SCD. The performance of conditional inference survival forest (CISF) model compared to that of random survival forests (RSF) model and multivariate Cox model. Results This study included 261308 patients (age = 66.0 ± 11.8 years old, male = 47.6%, follow-up duration = 3552 ± 1201 days, diabetes duration = 4.77 ± 2.29 years). Mean HbA1c and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were significant predictors of AMI under multivariate Cox regression and were linearly associated with AMI. Mean HbA1c and total cholesterol were significant multivariate predictors with a J-shaped relationship with non-AMI related SCD. The AMI and SCD risk scores had an area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 0.666 (95% confidence interval (CI)= [0.662, 0.669]) and 0.677 (95% CI= [0.673, 0.682]), respectively. CISF significantly improves prediction performance of both outcomes compared to RSF and multivariate Cox models. Conclusions A holistic combination of demographic, clinical, and laboratory indices can be used for the risk stratification of type 2 diabetic patients against AMI and SCD.

scholarly journals Role of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling in heart and liver-related complications in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 030006052199759
Author(s):  
Jiajia Tian ◽  
Yanyan Zhao ◽  
Lingling Wang ◽  
Lin Li
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Primary Response ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1

Aims To analyze expression of members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)4/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway in the heart and liver in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our overall goal was to understand the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Methods We measured fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin (FINS) in a rat model of T2DM. Expression of members of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway as well as downstream cytokines was investigated. Levels of mRNA and protein were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. Protein content of tissue homogenates was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results Diabetic rats had lower body weights, higher FBG, higher FINS, and higher intraperitoneal glucose tolerance than normal rats. In addition, biochemical indicators related to heart and liver function were elevated in diabetic rats compared with normal rats. TLR4 and MyD88 were involved in the occurrence of T2DM as well as T2DM-related heart and liver complications. TLR4 caused T2DM-related heart and liver complications through activation of NF-κB. Conclusions TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling induces production of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, leading to the heart- and liver-related complications of T2DM.

Prevalence of Toenail Onychomycosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Evaluation of Risk Factors

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aynur Gulcan ◽  
Erim Gulcan ◽  
Sukru Oksuz ◽  
Idris Sahin ◽  
Demet Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Epidemiologic Risk

Background: We sought to determine the frequency of toenail onychomycosis in diabetic patients, to identify the causative agents, and to evaluate the epidemiologic risk factors. Methods: Data regarding patients’ diabetic characteristics were recorded by the attending internal medicine clinician. Clinical examinations of patients’ toenails were performed by a dermatologist, and specimens were collected from the nails to establish the onycomycotic abnormality. All of the specimens were analyzed by direct microscopy and culture. Results: Of 321 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, clinical onychomycosis was diagnosed in 162; 41 of those diagnoses were confirmed mycologically. Of the isolated fungi, 23 were yeasts and 18 were dermatophytes. Significant correlations were found between the frequency of onychomycosis and retinopathy, neuropathy, obesity, family history, and duration of diabetes. However, no correlation was found with sex, age, educational level, occupation, area of residence, levels of hemoglobin A1c and fasting blood glucose, and nephropathy. The most frequently isolated agents from clinical specimens were yeasts. Conclusions: Long-term control of glycemia to prevent chronic complications and obesity and to promote education about the importance of foot and nail care should be essential components in preventing onychomycosis and its potential complications, such as secondary foot lesions, in patients with diabetes mellitus. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(1): 49–54, 2011)

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