scholarly journals Are there moral differences between maternal spindle transfer and pronuclear transfer?

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Palacios-González
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calum MacKellar

Abstract The question whether maternal spindle transfer (mst) and pronuclear transfer (pnt) can be prohibited under eu legislation was examined by the non-governmental organisation European Bioethics Research (ebr). It did so by submitting an official complaint to the eu Commission proposing that the uk Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Mitochondrial Donation) Regulations 2015 breached the prohibition on the modification of a person’s germ line genetic identity of the eu Clinical Trials Directive 2001/20/EC and the new Regulation eu 536/2014. A discussion then took place, during 2016, between ebr and the eu Commission whether mst and pnt principally involved a ‘medicinal product’ in which case the eu Clinical Trials Directive 2001/20/EC and Regulation eu 536/2014 would be applicable or whether the procedures just involved a medical procedure in which case the Tissue and Cells Directive 2004/23/EC was applicable which did not include any prohibition on the intentional modification of a person’s germline.


2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Lucía Gómez-Tatay ◽  
José Miguel Hernández-Andreu ◽  
Justo Aznar

Le malattie dovute alle alterazioni del DNA mitocondriale (mtDNA) sono attualmente incurabili. C’è tuttavia un certo numero di metodi a vari livelli di sviluppo che potrebbe evitare la trasmissione madre-figlio di questi disturbi ereditari. Tra questi metodi ci sono due tecniche che sono attualmente attirando l’attenzione di ricercatori, decisori e pazienti: il trasferimento pronucleare (PNT) e il trasferimento del fuso materno (MST). Questi metodi comportano l’uso di mitocondri sani da un donatore. PNT ha luogo in uno zigote, mentre nell’MST, le cellule uovo sono manipolate. Questi metodi sono molto promettenti, in quanto sembrano essere efficaci e sicuri, e infatti, potranno presto essere utilizzati nella pratica clinica nel Regno Unito, dove sono già state elaborate alcune misure legislative. Tuttavia, queste tecniche, come sono concepite oggi, sollevano diverse questioni etiche. In questo articolo, proponiamo una possibile soluzione per superare questi problemi, dando alle famiglie colpite la possibilità di concepire bambini sani. Noi crediamo che, allo stadio attuale di sviluppo, ci sono due tecniche, la MST e il Trasferimento di Vescicola Germinale o l’Iniezione di Vescicola Germinale (GVT o GVI), che combinati con una tecnica di riproduzione, come il trasferimento nelle tube di Falloppio di gameti (GIFT) o il trasferimento della cellula uovo nella parte prossimale della tuba di Falloppio (LTOT), potrebbe essere ampiamente accettati. Al contrario, il PNT senza fornire alcun beneficio in termini di efficacia o sicurezza, comporta ulteriori gravi difficoltà da un punto di vista etico. A nostro parere, la ricerca e la legislazione devono seguire questa linea, dal momento che numerose questioni etiche verrebbero superate senza compromettere efficacia e sicurezza. ---------- Diseases due to alterations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are currently incurable. However, there are a number of methods in various stages of development that could avoid mother-child transmission of these hereditary disorders. Among them are two techniques that are currently attracting the attention of researchers, policymakers and patients: pronuclear transfer (PNT) and maternal spindle transfer (MST). These methods involve use of healthy mitochondrial from a donor. PNT takes place in a zygote, whereas in MST egg are manipulated. These methods are highly promising, since they seem to be effective and safe, and in fact, they could soon be used in clinical practice in the UK, where legislative steps have already been taken. Nevertheless, these techniques, as they are conceived today, pose several ethical issues. In this paper, we propose a possible solution to overcome these issues, while giving affected families the possibility of conceiving healthy children. We believe that, at the current stage of development, there are two techniques, MST and Germinal Vesicle Transfer or Germinal Vesicle Injection (GVT or GVI), which combined with a reproduction technique such as gamete intra-fallopian transfer (GIFT) or low tubal oocyte transfer (LTOT), could be widely accepted. In contrast, the PNT without providing any benefit to these in terms of efficacy or safety, entails more serious ethical difficulties. In our opinion, research and legislation must be conducted in this line, since several ethical issues would be overcome without compromising effectivity and safety.


2002 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. S180-S181
Author(s):  
John Zhang ◽  
Yi Ming Shu ◽  
Lewis C Krey ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Guang Lun Zhuang ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Costa-Borges ◽  
Katharina Spath ◽  
Irene Miguel-Escalada ◽  
Enric Mestres ◽  
Rosa Balmaseda ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhe Li ◽  
Yuteng Weng ◽  
Dandan Bai ◽  
Yanping Jia ◽  
Yingdong Liu ◽  
...  

Abstract Gene-targeted animal models that are generated by injecting Cas9 and sgRNAs into zygotes are often accompanied by undesired double-strand break (DSB)-induced byproducts and random biallelic targeting due to uncontrollable Cas9 targeting activity. Here, we establish a parental allele-specific gene-targeting (Past-CRISPR) method, based on the detailed observation that pronuclear transfer-mediated cytoplasmic dilution can effectively terminate Cas9 activity. We apply this method in embryos to efficiently target the given parental alleles of a gene of interest and observed little genomic mosaicism because of the spatiotemporal control of Cas9 activity. This method allows us to rapidly explore the function of individual parent-of-origin effects and to construct animal models with a single genomic change. More importantly, Past-CRISPR could also be used for therapeutic applications or disease model construction.


2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. e5-e6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Costa-Borges ◽  
Eros Nikitos ◽  
Katharina Spath ◽  
Dagan Wells ◽  
Klaus Rink ◽  
...  

Development ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Julie A. DeLoia ◽  
Davor Solter

Genetic imprinting in mice results in functional differences in the oocyte and spermatocyte genomes, as evidenced by both genetic and pronuclear transfer experiments. To gain insights into the molecular mechansims involved in the imprinting process, researchers have studied methylation phenotypes and expression of hemizygous transgenes associated with parental origin. In this report, we describe a transgenic mouse lineage in which expression of both the transgene and an endogenous gene at the insertion site are determined by the parent of origin. The mutation caused by transgene insertion shows variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance in addition to a modified dominant pattern of inheritance.


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