The role of daily need crafting in daily fluctuations in adolescents’ need-based and affective experiences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nele Laporte ◽  
Bart Soenens ◽  
Nele Flamant ◽  
Maarten Vansteenkiste ◽  
Elien Mabbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Affective Experiences

scholarly journals Children’s Experiences of Their Journey to School: Integrating Behaviour Change Frameworks to Inform the Role of the Built Environment in Active School Travel Promotion

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4992
Author(s):  
Nafsika Michail ◽  
Ayse Ozbil ◽  
Rosie Parnell ◽  
Stephanie Wilkie
Keyword(s):  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Theoretical Domains Framework ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Travel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Active School Travel ◽  
Affective Experiences

Childhood obesity is a public health problem with multiple effects on children’s life. Promoting Active School Travel (AST) could provide an inclusive opportunity for physical activity and shape healthy behaviours. Data for this cross-sectional study were drawn from questionnaires carried out in five primary schools located in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, in neighbourhoods chosen for their variability in IMD (index of multiple deprivation) and spatial structure of street networks (measured through space syntax measure of integration). A randomly selected and heterogenic sample of 145 pupils (aged 9–10) completed an open-ended questionnaire to state what they like and dislike about their journey to school. Thematic analysis identified four typologies (environmental context, emotions, social influences and trip factors) based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and specific themes and sub-themes underlying children’s affective experiences of their journeys to school. This study is the first known to authors to attempt to adapt the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation Behaviour (COM-B) model into AST and children’s experiences and associated behavioural domains with design aspects. Such an insight into children’s attitudes could inform urban planners and designers about how to apply more effective behaviour change interventions, targeting an AST increase among children.

scholarly journals Distinct facial expressions represent pain and pleasure across cultures

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (43) ◽  
pp. E10013-E10021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaona Chen ◽  
Carlos Crivelli ◽  
Oliver G. B. Garrod ◽  
Philippe G. Schyns ◽  
José-Miguel Fernández-Dols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Complementary Approach ◽  
Dynamic Facial Expressions ◽  
Negative Affective States ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
New Research

Real-world studies show that the facial expressions produced during pain and orgasm—two different and intense affective experiences—are virtually indistinguishable. However, this finding is counterintuitive, because facial expressions are widely considered to be a powerful tool for social interaction. Consequently, debate continues as to whether the facial expressions of these extreme positive and negative affective states serve a communicative function. Here, we address this debate from a novel angle by modeling the mental representations of dynamic facial expressions of pain and orgasm in 40 observers in each of two cultures (Western, East Asian) using a data-driven method. Using a complementary approach of machine learning, an information-theoretic analysis, and a human perceptual discrimination task, we show that mental representations of pain and orgasm are physically and perceptually distinct in each culture. Cross-cultural comparisons also revealed that pain is represented by similar face movements across cultures, whereas orgasm showed distinct cultural accents. Together, our data show that mental representations of the facial expressions of pain and orgasm are distinct, which questions their nondiagnosticity and instead suggests they could be used for communicative purposes. Our results also highlight the potential role of cultural and perceptual factors in shaping the mental representation of these facial expressions. We discuss new research directions to further explore their relationship to the production of facial expressions.

Emotions, De/Attachment, and the Digital Archive: Reading Violence at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)

2021 ◽  
pp. 030582982110330
Author(s):  
Caitlin Biddolph
Keyword(s):  
International Criminal ◽  
International Criminal Tribunal ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Digital Archives ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Emotional Process ◽  
Affective Experiences

The study of global politics is not an exercise in objectivity and rationality, but one that is embodied, personal, and deeply affective. Feminist scholarship both within and outside of International Relations (IR) have pioneered discussions of embracing our affective experiences as researchers, as well as maintaining ethical commitments to research participants and collaborators. In addition to feminist contributions, the emotional turn in IR has seen the emergence of vibrant scholarship exploring the role of emotions in sites and processes of global politics, as well as the role of emotions in the research process. In this article, I aim to contribute to this growing body of scholarship by speaking to these and other questions that explore the role of emotions in researchers’ engagement with their work. In particular, I draw on and interrogate my own emotional entanglements with the digital archives of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). The goal of this article is to provide insights into the emotional process of reading and interpreting testimonies of violence, and to illuminate ethical concerns that arise – particularly as an ‘outsider’ – when reading and representing trauma in my research.

Everyday solitude, affective experiences, and well-being in old age: the role of culture versus immigration

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1095-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Jiang ◽  
Helene H. Fung ◽  
Jennifer C. Lay ◽  
Maureen C. Ashe ◽  
Peter Graf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Affective Experiences

Decentering the “White Working Class”

Populism ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209
Author(s):  
Meghana Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Extended Analysis ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
White Working Class ◽  
Affective Support ◽  
Productive Engagement

AbstractThis essay is a review of William Connolly’s Aspirational Fascim, and thus an extended analysis of the intersection of affect, race, class, and democracy. Connolly explores the role of negative affective contagion in mobilizing aggrieved white working class communities and argues for more inclusive pluralistic democracy and the use of positive affective democratic contagion to resist fascism. But he limits the radical potential of his argument because he focuses primarily on the white working class, thereby paying too little attention to the negative affective experiences of the trauma of racism. He should also interrogate not only fascist but also other types of negative affective support for Trump. I frame the essay as an invitation for productive engagement and conversation with Connolly.

Staging Discomfort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bretton White
Keyword(s):  
Queer Theory ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Death Drive ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
The Ideal

Staging Discomfort examines how queer bodies are theatrically represented on the Cuban stage in order to re-evaluate the role of categorization as one of the state’s primary revolutionary tools. These performances concentrate on an aesthetics of fluidity, and thus upset traditional understandings of performer and spectator, and what constitutes the ideal Cuban citizenry. New affective modes are produced when performing bodies highlight—often in uncomfortably intimate, grotesque, or raw ways—the unavoidability of spectators’ bodies, and their capacity for queerness. Here the imagining of new continuities and subjectivities can lead to a reconfiguration of forms of Cuban citizenship. The affective responses from the closeness experienced in the performances in Staging Discomfort are challenges to the Cuban state’s self-designated role as primary provider for the needs of its citizens’ bodies. Through the lens of queer theory, the manuscript explores the body’s centrality to the state’s deployment of fear to successfully marginalize gay life, which this group of works seeks to defuse through an articulation of intimacies, shame, the death drive, cruising, and failure. These affective experiences shape Cuban subjectivities that emerge out of queerness, but whose focus on inclusivity necessarily involves all Cubans. Several of the central questions that guide Staging Discomfort are: How is Cuban theater agile in its critiques considering the state’s limitations on expression? How do queer performances allow for new understandings about the effects of the state’s failing socialist utopian contract with its citizens? And, can Cuban bodies that come together in queer ways re-imagine Cuban citizenship?

Reflections on the affective contributions to research success in two participatory projects in Colombia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen Hammelman ◽  
Cesar Buitrago Arias ◽  
Uriel Cuadros ◽  
Allison Hayes-Conroy ◽  
Diana Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Research ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
Responsible Research ◽  
Research Endeavor

Participatory research increasingly seeks tangible outcomes contributing to social transformation. We reflexively examine the role of affect in two participatory research projects in Colombia to argue that intentionally making space for and reflecting on affective experiences can help generate more effective research. Such ‘praxis of affect’ focused on building social bonds, demonstrating solidarity, distributing expertise, and sharing hope were critical for sustaining motivation toward the research endeavor and social transformation efforts. This article contributes to literature on participatory research by considering ways to implement socially-responsible research that creates momentarily affective spaces and recasts the desire for more durable outcomes in such spaces.

scholarly journals Endogenous variation in ventromedial prefrontal cortex state dynamics during naturalistic viewing reflects affective experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (17) ◽  
pp. eabf7129
Author(s):  
Luke J. Chang ◽  
Eshin Jolly ◽  
Jin Hyun Cheong ◽  
Kristina M. Rapuano ◽  
Nathan Greenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Analysis Pipeline ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Affective Meaning ◽  
Future Goals ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
Subjective Appraisals

How we process ongoing experiences is shaped by our personal history, current needs, and future goals. Consequently, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activity involved in processing these subjective appraisals appears to be highly idiosyncratic across individuals. To elucidate the role of the vmPFC in processing our ongoing experiences, we developed a computational framework and analysis pipeline to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of individual vmPFC responses as participants viewed a 45-minute television drama. Through a combination of functional magnetic resonance imaging, facial expression tracking, and self-reported emotional experiences across four studies, our data suggest that the vmPFC slowly transitions through a series of discretized states that broadly map onto affective experiences. Although these transitions typically occur at idiosyncratic times across people, participants exhibited a marked increase in state alignment during high affectively valenced events in the show. Our work suggests that the vmPFC ascribes affective meaning to our ongoing experiences.

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