Molecular characterisation of the Wx-B1 allelic variants identified in cultivated emmer wheat and comparison with those of durum wheat

Landraces and old wheat cultivars display great genetic variation and constitute a valuable resource for the improvement of modern varieties, especially in terms of quality. Gluten quality is one of the major determinants of wheat quality, and it is greatly influenced by variation in the high molecular weight and low molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS and LMW-GS). Identification of novel allelic variants for either of the two groups of the gluten-forming proteins could greatly assist in the improvement of wheat gluten quality. In the present study, the allelic composition of the HMW- and LMW-GS of ninety-five durum wheat accessions was evaluated. These accessions included Moroccan cultivars and landraces and North American cultivars and were all conserved in the National Gene Bank from Morocco. In total, 20 cataloged alleles and 12 novel alleles were detected. For the HMW-GS, two alleles were found at the Glu-A1 locus, and seven different allelic variants were identified at the Glu-B1 locus. Among them, two alleles were new (alleles Glu-B1cp and co). Additionally, two of the analyzed accessions exhibited the Glu-D1d allele, suggesting the presence of the Glu-D1 locus introgression. For the LWM-GS, eight, ten and two alleles were identified at the Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-B2 loci, respectively. Among them, two new allelic variants were identified at the Glu-A3 locus, and seven new allelic variants were identified at the Glu-B3 locus. Overall, the Moroccan landraces exhibited a greater genetic diversity and a greater number of glutenin alleles compared to the Moroccan and North American durum wheat cultivars. The novel germplasm and glutenin alleles detected in this study could contribute to the improvement of durum wheat quality and the expansion of modern durum wheat genetic diversity.

Download Full-text

Durum Wheat as a Bridge Between Wild Emmer Wheat Genetic Resources and Bread Wheat

Applications of Genetic and Genomic Research in Cereals ◽

10.1016/b978-0-08-102163-7.00010-7 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 201-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Valentina Klymiuk ◽

Andrii Fatiukha ◽

Lin Huang ◽

Zhen-zhen Wei ◽

Tamar Kis-Papo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Wild Emmer Wheat ◽

Emmer Wheat ◽

Wild Emmer

Download Full-text

Quantitative trait loci conferring grain mineral nutrient concentrations in durum wheat × wild emmer wheat RIL population

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s00122-009-1044-z ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 119 (2) ◽

pp. 353-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 145

Author(s):

Zvi Peleg ◽

Ismail Cakmak ◽

Levent Ozturk ◽

Atilla Yazici ◽

Yan Jun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Trait Loci ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Quantitative Trait ◽

Wild Emmer Wheat ◽

Emmer Wheat ◽

Wild Emmer ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Ril Population ◽

Trait Loci

Download Full-text

Emmer wheat as a source for trait improvement in durum wheat: a study of general and specific combining ability

Euphytica ◽

10.1007/s10681-021-02796-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 217 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Majid Mohammadi ◽

Aghafakhr Mirlohi ◽

Mohammad Mahdi Majidi ◽

Esmaeil Soleimani Kartalaei

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Combining Ability ◽

Specific Combining Ability ◽

Emmer Wheat ◽

Trait Improvement

Download Full-text

Association of phytoene synthase Psy1-A1 and Psy1-B1 allelic variants with semolina yellowness in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum)

Euphytica ◽

10.1007/s10681-015-1541-x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 207 (1) ◽

pp. 109-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Karen M. Campos ◽

Conxita Royo ◽

Albert Schulthess ◽

Dolors Villegas ◽

Iván Matus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Phytoene Synthase ◽

Allelic Variants

Download Full-text

Linkage disequilibrium patterns, population structure and diversity analysis in a worldwide durum wheat collection including Argentinian genotypes

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-021-07519-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Pablo Federico Roncallo ◽

Adelina Olga Larsen ◽

Ana Laura Achilli ◽

Carolina Saint Pierre ◽

Cristian Andrés Gallo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Linkage Disequilibrium ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Snp Array ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Climate Change Scenarios ◽

Allelic Variants

Abstract Background Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum Desf. Husn) is the main staple crop used to make pasta products worldwide. Under the current climate change scenarios, genetic variability within a crop plays a crucial role in the successful release of new varieties with high yields and wide crop adaptation. In this study we evaluated a durum wheat collection consisting of 197 genotypes that mainly comprised a historical set of Argentinian germplasm but also included worldwide accessions. Results We assessed the genetic diversity, population structure and linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns in this collection using a 35 K SNP array. The level of polymorphism was considered, taking account of the frequent and rare allelic variants. A total of 1547 polymorphic SNPs was located within annotated genes. Genetic diversity in the germplasm collection increased slightly from 1915 to 2010. However, a reduction in genetic diversity using SNPs with rare allelic variants was observed after 1979. However, larger numbers of rare private alleles were observed in the 2000–2009 period, indicating that a high reservoir of rare alleles is still present among the recent germplasm in a very low frequency. The percentage of pairwise loci in LD in the durum genome was low (13.4%) in our collection. Overall LD and the high (r2 > 0.7) or complete (r2 = 1) LD presented different patterns in the chromosomes. The LD increased over three main breeding periods (1915–1979, 1980–1999 and 2000–2020). Conclusions Our results suggest that breeding and selection have impacted differently on the A and B genomes, particularly on chromosome 6A and 2A. The collection was structured in five sub-populations and modern Argentinian accessions (cluster Q4) which were clearly differentiated. Our study contributes to the understanding of the complexity of Argentinian durum wheat germplasm and to derive future breeding strategies enhancing the use of genetic diversity in a more efficient and targeted way.

Download Full-text

Production of synthetic wheat lines to exploit the genetic diversity of emmer wheat and D genome containing Aegilops species in wheat breeding

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-76475-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ghader Mirzaghaderi ◽

Zinat Abdolmalaki ◽

Rahman Ebrahimzadegan ◽

Farshid Bahmani ◽

Fatemeh Orooji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Emmer Wheat ◽

Synthetic Wheat ◽

D Genome ◽

Synthetic Hexaploid ◽

Wheat Lines

AbstractDue to the accumulation of various useful traits over evolutionary time, emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum and dicoccoides, 2n = 4x = 28; AABB), durum wheat (T. turgidum subsp. durum, 2n = 4x = 28; AABB), T. timopheevii (2n = 4x = 28; AAGG) and D genome containing Aegilops species offer excellent sources of novel variation for the improvement of bread wheat (T. aestivum L., AABBDD). Here, we made 192 different cross combinations between diverse genotypes of wheat and Aegilops species including emmer wheat × Ae. tauschii (2n = DD or DDDD), durum wheat × Ae. tauschii, T. timopheevii × Ae. tauschii, Ae. crassa × durum wheat, Ae. cylindrica × durum wheat and Ae. ventricosa × durum wheat in the field over three successive years. We successfully recovered 56 different synthetic hexaploid and octaploid F2 lines with AABBDD, AABBDDDD, AAGGDD, D1D1XcrXcrAABB, DcDcCcCcAABB and DvDvNvNvAABB genomes via in vitro rescue of F1 embryos and spontaneous production of F2 seeds on the Fl plants. Cytogenetic analysis of F2 lines showed that the produced synthetic wheat lines were generally promising stable amphiploids. Contribution of D genome bearing Aegilops and the less-investigated emmer wheat genotypes as parents in the crosses resulted in synthetic amphiploids which are a valuable resource for bread wheat breeding.

Download Full-text