Knox homologs shoot meristemless (STM) and KNAT6 are epistatic to CLAVATA3 (CLV3) during shoot meristem development in Arabidopsis thaliana

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 6291-6302
Author(s):  
Sharma Nidhi ◽  
Jesus Preciado ◽  
Liu Tie
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Shoot Meristem ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Shoot Meristemless

scholarly journals KNOX HOMOLOGS SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) and KNAT6 are epistatic to CLAVATA3 (CLV3) during embryonic meristem development in Arabidopsis thaliana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharma Nidhi ◽  
Liu Tie
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shoot Meristem ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Shoot Meristemless

AbstractIn Arabidopsis, the genes SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) and CLAVATA3 (CLV3) antagonistically regulate shoot meristem development. STM is essential for both development and maintenance of the meristem, as stm mutants fail to develop a shoot meristem during embryogenesis. CLV3, on the other hand, negatively regulates meristem proliferation, and clv3 mutants possess an enlarged shoot meristem. Genetic interaction studies revealed that stm and clv3 dominantly suppress each other’s phenotypes. STM works in conjunction with its closely related homologue KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX GENE 6 (KNAT6) to promote meristem development and organ separation, as stm knat6 double mutants fail to form a meristem and produce a fused cotyledon. In this study, we show that clv3 fails to promote post-embryonic meristem formation in stm-1 background if we also remove KNAT6. stm-1 knat6 clv3 triple mutants result in early meristem termination and produce fused cotyledons similar to stm knat6 double mutant. Notably, the stm-1 knat6 and stm-1 knat6 clv3 alleles lack tissue in the presumed region of SAM. stm knat6 clv3 also showed reduced inflorescence size and shoot apex size as compared to clv3 single or stm clv3 double mutants. In contrast to previously published data, these data suggest that stm is epistatic to clv3 in postembryonic meristem development.HighlightSTM and KNAT6 genes determine post-embryonic meristem formation and activity in Arabidopsis. clv3 mutation is unable to rescue the stm knat6 meristemless phenotype.

scholarly journals The CLAVATA and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS loci competitively regulate meristem activity in Arabidopsis

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 1567-1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Clark ◽  
S.E. Jacobsen ◽  
J.Z. Levin ◽  
E.M. Meyerowitz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Genetic Interactions ◽  
Floral Meristem ◽  
Shoot Meristem ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells ◽  
Floral Meristems ◽  
Shoot Meristemless

The CLAVATA (CLV1 and CLV3) and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) genes specifically regulate shoot meristem development in Arabidopsis. CLV and STH appear to have opposite functions: c1v1 and Clv3 mutants accumulate excess undifferentiated cells in the shoot and floral meristem, while stm mutants fail to form the undifferentiated cells of the shoot meristem during embryonic development. We have identified a weak allele of stm (stm-2) that reveals STM is not only required for the establish- ment of the shoot meristem, but is also required for the continued maintenance of undifferentiated cells in the shoot meristem and for proper proliferation of cells in the floral meristem. We have found evidence of genetic interactions between the CLV and STM loci. clv1 and c1v3 mutations partially suppressed the stm-1 and stm-2 phenotypes, and were capable of suppression in a dominant fashion. clv stm double mutants and plants homozygous for stm but heterozygous for clv, while still lacking an embryonic shoot meristem, exhibited greatly enhanced postembryonic shoot and floral meristem development. Although stm phenotypes are recessive, stm mutations dominantly suppressed clv homozygous and heterozygous phenotypes. These results indicate that the stm phenotype is sensitive to the levels of CLV activity, while the clv phenotype is sensitive to the level of STM activity. We propose that these genes play related but opposing roles in the regulation of cell division and/or cell differentiation in shoot and floral meristems.

Formation of the shoot apical meristem in Arabidopsis thaliana: an analysis of development in the wild type and in the shoot meristemless mutant

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Barton ◽  
R. S. Poethig
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Shoot Meristem ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Shoot Meristemless

The primary shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis is initiated late in embryogenesis, after the initiation of the cotyledons. We have identified a gene, called SHOOT MERISTEMLESS, which is critical for this process. shoot meristemless mutant seedlings lack a shoot apical meristem but are otherwise healthy and viable. The anatomy of mutant embryos demonstrates that the shoot meristemless-1 mutation completely blocks the initiation of the shoot apical meristem, but has no other obvious effects on embryo development. The failure of shoot meristemless tissue to regenerate shoots in tissue culture suggests that this gene regulates adventitious shoot meristem formation, as well as embryonic shoot meristem formation.

scholarly journals The maize heterotrimeric G protein β subunit controls shoot meristem development and immune responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 1799-1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyu Wu ◽  
Fang Xu ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Si Nian Char ◽  
Yezhang Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Shoot Meristem ◽  
Β Subunit ◽  
Subunit Gene ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Meristem Size ◽  
Meristem Development

Heterotrimeric G proteins are important transducers of receptor signaling, functioning in plants with CLAVATA receptors in controlling shoot meristem size and with pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptors in basal immunity. However, whether specific members of the heterotrimeric complex potentiate cross-talk between development and defense, and the extent to which these functions are conserved across species, have not yet been addressed. Here we used CRISPR/Cas9 to knock out the maize G protein β subunit gene (Gβ) and found that the mutants are lethal, differing from those in Arabidopsis, in which homologous mutants have normal growth and fertility. We show that lethality is caused not by a specific developmental arrest, but by autoimmunity. We used a genetic diversity screen to suppress the lethal Gβ phenotype and also identified a maize Gβ allele with weak autoimmune responses but strong development phenotypes. Using these tools, we show that Gβ controls meristem size in maize, acting epistatically with G protein α subunit gene (Gα), suggesting that Gβ and Gα function in a common signaling complex. Furthermore, we used an association study to show that natural variation in Gβ influences maize kernel row number, an important agronomic trait. Our results demonstrate the dual role of Gβ in immunity and development in a cereal crop and suggest that it functions in cross-talk between these competing signaling networks. Therefore, modification of Gβ has the potential to optimize the trade-off between growth and defense signaling to improve agronomic production.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Characterization of a Synergistic Genetic Interaction during Carpel Margin Meristem Development in Arabidopsis thaliana

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. e26231 ◽  
Author(s):  
April N. Wynn ◽  
Elizabeth E. Rueschhoff ◽  
Robert G. Franks
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
Meristem Development

Histological studies of cellular differentiation during somatic embryogenesis of coconut plumule-derived calli

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lakshmi Jayaraj ◽  
U. Bhavyashree ◽  
T.P. Fayas ◽  
K.K. Sajini ◽  
M.K. Rajesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Shoot Meristem ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Meristem Development

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>Since coconut is   one of the most recalcitrant species to generate <em>in vitro</em>, it is   necessary to study in detail about the cellular changes that occur during   somatic embryogenesis to enhance our knowledge about this phenomenon. In the   present study, coconut plumular tissues, the shoot meristem including leaf   primordia, were used as explants for <em>in vitro </em>regeneration studies.   Histological studies were carried out in different stages of plumule culture.   No noticeable growth was observed in 15 days old cultures. After 30 days,   meristematic cells could be identified. Abundance of meristematic cells,   foremost to the development of callus structures, was observed after 45 days.   After 75 days, globular friable calli were formed and histological studies   revealed the presence of meristematic centers which eventually formed somatic   embryos. The histological study of matured somatic embryos formed after 120   days of callus initiation showed a clear meristematic zone of parenchyma   cells, surrounded by vascular bundles. Histological studies, carried out for   certain abnormalities like compact calli, abnormal somatic embryoids with   rudimentary shoots and multiplied roots, revealed the presence of intact   cotyledonary leaves which seemed to inhibit the apical meristem development   of somatic embryoids. The presence of vascular bundles in the early stages of   callus formation might lead to the direct formation of meristemoids. These   results could aid future studies leading to enhanced control of the somatic   embryogenic process and greater efficiency of somatic embryo and plantlet   formation in coconut.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

scholarly journals gorgon, a Novel Missense Mutation in the SHOOT MERISTEMLESS Gene, Impairs Shoot Meristem Homeostasis in Arabidopsis

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sho Takano ◽  
Mitsuru Niihama ◽  
Harley M. S. Smith ◽  
Masao Tasaka ◽  
Mitsuhiro Aida
Keyword(s):  
Missense Mutation ◽  
Shoot Meristem ◽  
Shoot Meristemless

scholarly journals OsARID3, an AT-rich Interaction Domain-containing protein, is required for shoot meristem development in rice

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 806-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xu ◽  
Wei Zong ◽  
Xin Hou ◽  
Jialing Yao ◽  
Hongbo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Meristem ◽  
Interaction Domain ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Rich Interaction
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