Neuron Size in the Anterior Dorsal and Reticular Nuclei of the Thalamus in Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 978-981
Author(s):  
V. V. Amunts ◽  
A. D. Antyukhov ◽  
I. N. Bogolepova ◽  
A. V. Sveshnikov
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Dorsal ◽  
Neuron Size ◽  
Reticular Nuclei

Architectonics of the Anterior Dorsal and Reticular Nuclei of the Thalamus in Women

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 880-884
Author(s):  
V. V. Amunts ◽  
A. D. Antyukhov ◽  
I. N. Bogolepova
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Dorsal ◽  
Reticular Nuclei

Ultrastructure of scent glands in larvae of Apateticus bracteatus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and chemical composition of the secretion

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 2105-2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Percy ◽  
J. A. MacDonald ◽  
J. Weatherston
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Scent Glands ◽  
Volatile Constituents ◽  
Dorsal Wall ◽  
Anterior Dorsal ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Dorsal Abdominal Glands

The three dorsal abdominal glands in larvae of Apateticus bracteatus (Pentatomidae) secrete a mixture of compounds. Major volatile constituents of the secretion are identified, herein, as tridecane and 2-octenal. There are also trace amounts of 2-hexenal and two other unidentified compounds.Each of the glands has paired orifices that are located between tergites 3/4, 4/5, and 5/6, but only the most anterior gland is paired. In anterior glands of midinstar larvae, glandular cells associated with ducts, and interstitial glandular cells are distributed along the ventral walls of the reservoirs. In posterior glands, columnar glandular cells are located in the anterior dorsal wall of the reservoirs; secretory cells associated with ducts, and nonglandular interstitial cells are distributed throughout the ventral and posterior walls of the reservoirs. The interstitial glandular cells of the anterior gland and the columnar glandular cells of the middle and posterior glands contain cytoplasmic organelles characteristic of lipid-producing cells. In all glands the secretory cells associated with ducts secrete lipids. Evidence indicating the importance of Golgi and ER in secretion synthesis is presented. The reservoirs and ducts have a thin cuticular lining.The bearing of the results on present ideas of gland function in Heteroptera is discussed.

Differential Contribution of Reticulospinal Cells to the Control of Locomotion Induced By the Mesencephalic Locomotor Region

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 1714-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Brocard ◽  
Réjean Dubuc
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Recruitment Pattern ◽  
Glutamate Antagonists ◽  
Locomotor Rhythm ◽  
Mesencephalic Locomotor Region ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Excitatory Responses ◽  
Reticular Nuclei ◽  
Differential Contribution ◽  
Maximal Discharge

In lampreys as in other vertebrates, the reticulospinal (RS) system relays inputs from the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) to the spinal locomotor networks. Semi-intact preparations of larval sea lamprey were used to determine the relative contribution of the middle (MRRN) and the posterior (PRRN) rhombencephalic reticular nuclei to swimming controlled by the MLR. Intracellular recordings were performed to examine the inputs from the MLR to RS neurons. Stimulation of the MLR elicited monosynaptic excitatory responses of a higher magnitude in the MRRN than in the PRRN. This differential effect was not attributed to intrinsic properties of RS neurons. Paired recordings showed that at threshold intensity for swimming, spiking activity was primarily elicited in RS cells of the MRRN. Interestingly, cells of the PRRN began to discharge at higher stimulation intensities only when MRRN cells had reached their maximal discharge rate. Glutamate antagonists were ejected in either nucleus to reduce their activity. Ejections over the MRRN increased the stimulation threshold for evoking locomotion and resulted in a marked decrease in the swimming frequency and the strength of the muscle contractions. Ejections over the PRRN decreased the frequency of swimming. This study provides support for the concept that RS cells show a specific recruitment pattern during MLR-induced locomotion. RS cells in the MRRN are primarily involved in initiation and maintenance of low-intensity swimming. At higher frequency locomotor rhythm, RS cells in both the MRRN and the PRRN are recruited.

scholarly journals Social Status Controls Somatostatin Neuron Size and Growth

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 4740-4744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans A. Hofmann ◽  
Russell D. Fernald
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Neuron Size

scholarly journals EFECTO FOTOPROTECTOR DE Macrocystis pyrifera FRENTE A BLOQUEADORES SOLARES EN LA PREVENCIÓN DE LESIONES DE PIEL

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
Américo J. Castro ◽  
Mario Carhuapoma ◽  
Norma J. Ramos ◽  
José R. Juárez ◽  
Luis M. Felix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Macrocystis Pyrifera ◽  
San Juan ◽  
Anterior Dorsal ◽  
Los Grupos

El estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar el efecto fotoprotector in vivo de una crema elaborada con el extracto hidroalcohólico de la macroalga parda Macrocystis pyrifera (Linnapus) Agardh frente a bloqueadores solares comerciales en la prevención de lesiones de piel. La muestra biológica fue colectada en el zócalo continental de la playa Yanyarina de San Juan de Marcona de la región Ica. El extracto hidroalcohólico (etanol-agua 1:1) se obtuvo por proceso de maceración a partir de 300 g de alga. Con el extracto se formuló y diseño el bloqueador dermocosmético empleando concentraciones 5, 10 y 15%, respectivamente, con una mezcla de alcoholes alifáticos sólidos, conformados principalmente por alcohol cetílico (C16H3O) y alcohol estearílico (C18H39O) 50/70%. Se emplearon 35 ratones albinos adultos machos de la especie Mus musculus cepa Bald C53 de peso promedio 30g. El potencial fotoprotector in vivo se evaluó a través de la aplicación tópica en la piel de los ratones, en el tercio anterior dorsal del lomo. Los animales fueron distribuidos en siete grupos de cinco. Al grupo 1 (blanco) no se le aplicó crema ni irradiación UV-B 320 ŋm; al grupo 2 (control) no se le aplicó crema y se le irradió con luz UV-B; los grupos 3 y 4 fueron tratados con bloqueadores solares comerciales y fueron irradiados con luz UV-B; a los grupos 5, 6 y 7 (intervención) se les aplicó el producto elaborado y se le irradió con luz UV-B. El efecto fotoprotector se evidenció en el análisis macroscópico y microscópico de la piel. En el análisis microscópico, el grupo 1 presento piel con estructura conservada; los grupos 2, 3 y 4 presentaron estructura alterada; mientras que el grupo 5 presentó alteración leve, el grupo 6, estructura aparentemente normal y el grupo 7 estructura normal. Se concluye que el extracto hidroalcohólico ejerce efecto fotoprotector in vivo ante la irradiación UV-B en las concentraciones trabajadas, lográndose que, a medida que se va aumentando la concentración del extracto, la estructura de la piel se ve menos alterada presentando la dermis y epidermis, la capa cornea laminar y basal aparentemente normales.

Distinct and cooperative roles for Nodal and Hedgehog signals during hypothalamic development

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (13) ◽  
pp. 3055-3065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette Mathieu ◽  
Anukampa Barth ◽  
Frederic M. Rosa ◽  
Stephen W. Wilson ◽  
Nadine Peyriéras
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Evolutionary Conservation ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Nodal Signaling ◽  
Functional Importance ◽  
Anterior Dorsal ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Prechordal Plate ◽  
Further Development

Despite its evolutionary conservation and functional importance, little is known of the signaling pathways that underlie development of the hypothalamus. Although mutations affecting Nodal and Hedgehog signaling disrupt hypothalamic development, the time and site of action and the exact roles of these pathways remain very poorly understood. Unexpectedly, we show here that cell-autonomous reception of Nodal signals is neither required for the migration of hypothalamic precursors within the neural plate, nor for further development of the anterior-dorsal hypothalamus. Nodal signaling is, however, cell-autonomously required for establishment of the posterior-ventral hypothalamus. Conversely, Hedgehog signaling antagonizes the development of posterior-ventral hypothalamus, while promoting anterior-dorsal hypothalamic fates. Besides their distinct roles in the regionalization of the diencephalon, we reveal cooperation between Nodal and Hedgehog pathways in the maintenance of the anterior-dorsal hypothalamus. Finally we show that it is the prechordal plate and not the head endoderm that provides the early signals essential for establishment of the hypothalamus.

Description of the postembryonic stages of Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg, 1896) (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera: Philopteridae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila M.D. Kuabara ◽  
Michel P. Valim ◽  
Terry D. Galloway
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Chewing Louse ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Anterior Dorsal

AbstractThe nymphs I, II, III, and adult male and adult female stages of Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg) (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera: Philopteridae), a monoxenous species of chewing louse infesting common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor (Forster) (Caprimulgiformes: Caprimulgidae), in North America, are described. Line drawings of whole nymphs and adults are presented, as are details of anterior dorsal head plates, metasternal plates, female subvulvar plates, and male genitalia. Ontogenetic characters exhibited during the postembryonic development of this species of chewing louse are described and discussed in relation to previous information in the literature.

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