Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) culture initiation in vitro and genotype determined differences in micropropagation

Effect of early spring birch bud type on post-thaw regrowth after prolonged cryostorage

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x98-178 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 47-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Leena Ryynänen

Keyword(s):

Liquid Nitrogen ◽

Betula Pendula ◽

Early Spring ◽

Silver Birch ◽

Slow Cooling ◽

Betula Pendula Roth ◽

Vegetative Buds ◽

Female Catkin

Early spring buds of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth), collected with and without a female catkin in the middle of April, were cryopreserved using slow cooling followed by immersion in liquid nitrogen at -196°C for 8 days, 6 months, 1 year, 3 years, or 5 years. After fast thawing the buds were cultured in vitro according to the published protocol. The regrowth ability of the two types of buds was different. The regrowth of vegetative buds without a female catkin was good after all the cryopreservation times. There was a significant decrease in the regrowth ability of buds growing in the axil of a female catkin compared with the corresponding unfrozen controls after 1 year in cryostorage. In addition to the effect of the presence of a catkin on the regrowth ability, the late collecting time of the buds also probably decreased the regrowth and regrowth rates of both types of bud. The regrowth rates of buds without a catkin were 66, 67 and 24% after 1, 3, and 5 years of cryostorage, respectively, while those of buds with a catkin were 13.5, 32, and 2.6%, respectively.

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A Comparison of the Growth of the ‘Purpurea’ Silver Birch Cultivar (Betula pendula Roth) Propagated by Grafting and with the in Vitro Culture Method

Nauka Przyroda Technologie ◽

10.17306/j.npt.2017.2.19 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Sławomir Świerczyński ◽

◽

Agnieszka Malinowska ◽

Małgorzata Golcz-Polaszewska

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Culture ◽

Betula Pendula ◽

Culture Method ◽

Silver Birch ◽

Betula Pendula Roth

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Factors that determine shoot viability and root development during in vitro adaptation and propagation of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth)

Biologija ◽

10.6001/biologija.v63i3.3579 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Miglė Vaičiukynė ◽

Jonas Žiauka ◽

Sigutė Kuusienė

Keyword(s):

Shoot Apex ◽

Betula Pendula ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Early Recognition ◽

Silver Birch ◽

Healthy Plant ◽

Control Medium ◽

Betula Pendula Roth ◽

Green Shoot

Background. Micropropagation of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) is used to obtain healthy plant material for high-value plantations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the first steps of birch explant introduction and maintenance in vitro in order to make practical suggestions about the influence of these first steps on further micropropagation success. Materials and methods. Of the seven studied birch genotypes, one had been cultured in vitro for two years at the time of experiments, while six were newly planted in vitro from shoot segments disinfected after either one or two weeks of storage of collected branches. The explants were placed in glass culture tubes either on a hormone-free or cytokinin (6-benzylaminopurine)-supplemented medium. Results. A shorter branch storage time (one week instead of two) was better for the viability of explants, while external cytokinin, if used during the very first subculture in vitro, had largely a negative impact. Among the tested birch genotypes, 52BPL171 had the highest rate of viable explants and was followed in this respect by 01BPL115 which, however, contrasted strongly to the former because of its ability to maintain a green shoot apex alongside a green stem on the control medium. After 12 months in vitro, only genotype 01BPL115 was characterized by regular shoot growth and a well-developed root system. Conclusions. The green shoot apex on the control medium and, also, maintenance of viability on the medium with external cytokinin were found to be most helpful characteristics of birch explants during the first subculture, early recognition of those genotypes that would be most promising for obtaining multiple rooting shoots in vitro.

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The Effect of Growth Rate on the Strength Properties of Sawn Beams of Silver Birch (Betula pendula Roth)

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1080/02827589950152250 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 18-26

Author(s):

R. A. Dunham ◽

A. D. Cameron ◽

J. A. Petty

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Betula Pendula ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Silver Birch ◽

Betula Pendula Roth

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Towards Silviculture Guidelines to Produce Large-Sized Silver Birch (Betula pendula Roth) Logs in Western Europe

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12050599 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 599

Author(s):

Héloïse Dubois ◽

Hugues Claessens ◽

Gauthier Ligot

Keyword(s):

Betula Pendula ◽

Western Europe ◽

Forest Health ◽

Silver Birch ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Betula Pendula Roth ◽

Crown Diameter ◽

Birch Trees ◽

Timber Tree ◽

Northeastern France

Forest health problems arising from climate change, pests and pathogens are a threat to the main timber tree species. As a result, silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) has become a precious asset for meeting oncoming forestry challenges in western Europe. However, silviculture guidelines to produce high-value birch logs in this region are lacking. Producing large-sized birch trunks requires crown release, i.e., removing crown competitors around selected target trees. These interventions are currently seldom carried out or else too late when the growth potential of the trees has already diminished. This study set out to ascertain the diameter at breast height (dbh) that could be reached by crown-released birch, determine dbh-associated crown diameters, and further characterize the gain obtained from early crown release on birch dbh growth. We measured 704 birch trees that had undergone crown release in 38 naturally regenerated pure birch stands in southern Belgium and in northeastern France. We then evaluated the variation in stem and crown diameter, and analyzed increments in response to the earliness of the interventions in three subsamples, also compared with control target birch. We found that trees with a dbh of 50 cm could be grown within 60 years. Based on crown diameter, to produce 40, 50 and 60 cm dbh trunk, the distance required between target birch trees at the end of the rotation was around 8, 10 and 12 m. With no intervention and in ordinary dense birch regenerations, the dbh increment was found to decline once the stand reached age 4–7 years. Starting crown release in stands aged 4–5 years can double the dbh increment of target trees and provide a continual gain that may last up to 20 years. When birch crowns are released after 9–12 years, it may already be too late for them to recover their best growth rate. Our contribution should help complete emerging guidelines in support of birch silviculture development.

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Evaluation of Antioxidative Mechanisms In Vitro and Triterpenes Composition of Extracts from Silver Birch (Betula pendula Roth) and Black Birch (Betula obscura Kotula) Barks by FT-IR and HPLC-PDA

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26154633 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (15) ◽

pp. 4633

Author(s):

Aleksandra Ostapiuk ◽

Łukasz Kurach ◽

Maciej Strzemski ◽

Jacek Kurzepa ◽

Anna Hordyjewska

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Betula Pendula ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Silver Birch ◽

Biologically Active Substances ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Outer Bark ◽

Betula Pendula Roth ◽

Production Of Hydrogen ◽

Active Substances

Silver birch, Betula pendula Roth, is one of the most common trees in Europe. Due to its content of many biologically active substances, it has long been used in medicine and cosmetics, unlike the rare black birch, Betula obscura Kotula. The aim of the study was therefore to compare the antioxidant properties of extracts from the inner and outer bark layers of both birch trees towards the L929 line treated with acetaldehyde. Based on the lactate dehydrogenase test and the MTT test, 10 and 25% concentrations of extracts were selected for the antioxidant evaluation. All extracts at tested concentrations reduced the production of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion radical, and 25% extract decreased malonic aldehyde formation in acetaldehyde-treated cells. The chemical composition of bark extracts was accessed by IR and HPLC-PDA methods and surprisingly, revealed a high content of betulin and lupeol in the inner bark extract of B. obscura. Furthermore, IR analysis revealed differences in the chemical composition of the outer bark between black and silver birch extracts, indicating that black birch may be a valuable source of numerous biologically active substances. Further experiments are required to evaluate their potential against neuroinflammation, cancer, viral infections, as well as their usefulness in cosmetology.

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