Investigation of Solid Phase Composition on Tablet Surfaces by Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Koradia ◽  
Mikko Tenho ◽  
Heidi Lopez de Diego ◽  
Michiel Ringkjøbing-Elema ◽  
Jørn Møller-Sonnergaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid Phase Composition

Interfacial Superstructures Studied by Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction

1989 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Akimoto ◽  
Jun'Ichiro Mizuki ◽  
Ichiro Hirosawa ◽  
Junji Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Deposition Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molecular Beam Deposition ◽  
Beam Deposition

ABSTRACTSurface superstructures (reconstructed structures) have been observed by many authors. However, it is not easy to confirm that a superstructure does exist at an interface between two solid layers. The present paper reports a direct observation, by a grazing incidence x-ray diffraction technique with use of synchrotron radiation, of superstructures at the interface. Firstly, the boron-induced R30° reconstruction at the Si interface has been investigated. At the a Si/Si(111) interface, boron atoms at 1/3 ML are substituted for silicon atoms, thus forming a R30° lattice. Even at the interface between a solid phase epitaxial Si(111) layer and a Si(111) substrate, the boron-induced R30° reconstruction has been also observed. Secondly, SiO2/Si(100)-2×l interfacial superstructures have been investigated. Interfacial superstructures have been only observed in the samples of which SiO2 layers have been deposited with a molecular beam deposition method. Finally, the interfaces of MOCVD-grown AIN/GaAs(100) have been shown to have 1×4 and 1×6 superstructures.

scholarly journals Evolution of Free Volumes in Polycrystalline BaGa2O4 Ceramics Doped with Eu3+ Ions

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1515
Author(s):  
Halyna Klym ◽  
Ivan Karbovnyk ◽  
Andriy Luchechko ◽  
Yuriy Kostiv ◽  
Viktorija Pankratova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Spectroscopy Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Positron Annihilation Lifetime ◽  
Scanning Electron

BaGa2O4 ceramics doped with Eu3+ ions (1, 3 and 4 mol.%) were obtained by solid-phase sintering. The phase composition and microstructural features of ceramics were investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy in comparison with energy-dispersive methods. Here, it is shown that undoped and Eu3+-doped BaGa2O4 ceramics are characterized by a developed structure of grains, grain boundaries and pores. Additional phases are mainly localized near grain boundaries creating additional defects. The evolution of defect-related extended free volumes in BaGa2O4 ceramics due to the increase in the content of Eu3+ ions was studied using the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy technique. It is established that the increase in the number of Eu3+ ions in the basic BaGa2O4 matrix leads to the agglomeration of free-volume defects with their subsequent fragmentation. The presence of Eu3+ ions results in the expansion of nanosized pores and an increase in their number with their future fragmentation.

Microstructural Investigations of Hafnium Aluminum Oxide Films

2008 ◽  
Vol 1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doina Craciun ◽  
Gabriel Socol ◽  
Emanuel Axente ◽  
Aurelian-Catalin Galca ◽  
Rajiv Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Laser Deposition ◽  
Deposition Technique ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

ABSTRACTThe crystalline structure, composition, chemical bonding and thermal stability of HfO2-Al2O3 mixtures deposited on Si using a combinatorial pulsed laser deposition technique were investigated. After deposition some films were annealed at temperatures from 850 to 950 °C for 6 or 12 minutes. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction investigations were performed to asses the crystallinity and thermal stability of the annealed layers. Measurements of the Al to Hf ratios were performed using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. From simulations of the x-ray reflectivity and spectroscopic ellipsometry spectra the phase composition and thickness of the films was calculated and then the Al to Hf ratios. Al/Hf values of 1 and 8 were found to be necessary to block the crystallization of the films after anneals at 850 and 950 °C, respectively.

DYNAMICAL X-RAY DIFFRACTION FROM CRYSTALS UNDER GRAZING-INCIDENCE CONDITIONS

1989 ◽  
Vol 50 (C7) ◽  
pp. C7-225-C7-229
Author(s):  
H. HASHIZUME ◽  
O. SAKATA
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

New Structure of CTAB Templated Silica Films as revealed by GISAXS coupled to HRTEM

2000 ◽  
Vol 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Besson ◽  
Catherine Jacquiod ◽  
Thierry Gacoin ◽  
André Naudon ◽  
Christian Ricolleau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Silica Films ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Hexagonal Arrangement ◽  
Spherical Micelles

ABSTRACTA microstructural study on surfactant templated silica films is performed by coupling traditional X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM) to Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (GISAXS). By this method it is shown that spin-coating of silicate solutions with cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a templating agent provides 3D hexagonal structure (space group P63/mmc) that is no longer compatible with the often described hexagonal arrangement of tubular micelles but rather with an hexagonal arrangement of spherical micelles. The extent of the hexagonal ordering and the texture can be optimized in films by varying the composition of the solution.

Control of the phase composition of advanced calcium phosphates using an x-ray diffractometer with a curved position-sensitive detector

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
V. P. Sirotinkin ◽  
O. V. Baranov ◽  
A. Yu. Fedotov ◽  
S. M. Barinov
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Position Sensitive Detector ◽  
Sensitive Detector ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Impurity Phases ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

The results of studying the phase composition of advanced calcium phosphates Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, β-Ca3(PO4)2, α-Ca3(PO4)2, CaHPO4 · 2H2O, Ca8(HPO4)2(PO4)4 · 5H2O using an x-ray diffractometer with a curved position-sensitive detector are presented. Optimal experimental conditions (angular positions of the x-ray tube and detector, size of the slits, exposure time) were determined with allowance for possible formation of the impurity phases during synthesis. The construction features of diffractometers with a position-sensitive detector affecting the profile characteristics of x-ray diffraction peaks are considered. The composition for calibration of the diffractometer (a mixture of sodium acetate and yttrium oxide) was determined. Theoretical x-ray diffraction patterns for corresponding calcium phosphates are constructed on the basis of the literature data. These x-ray diffraction patterns were used to determine the phase composition of the advanced calcium phosphates. The features of advanced calcium phosphates, which should be taken into account during the phase analysis, are indicated. The powder of high-temperature form of tricalcium phosphate strongly adsorbs water from the environment. A strong texture is observed on the x-ray diffraction spectra of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate. A rather specific x-ray diffraction pattern of octacalcium phosphate pentahydrate revealed the only one strong peak at small angles. In all cases, significant deviations are observed for the recorded angular positions and relative intensity of the diffraction peaks. The results of the study of experimentally obtained mixtures of calcium phosphate are presented. It is shown that the graphic comparison of experimental x-ray diffraction spectra and pre-recorded spectra of the reference calcium phosphates and possible impurity phases is the most effective method. In this case, there is no need for calibration. When using this method, the total time for analysis of one sample is no more than 10 min.

Laboratory Determination of the Solid Phase Composition of Technogenically Salinized Peatlands: Possibilities and Limitations

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Yu. N. Vodyanitskii ◽  
N. A. Avetov ◽  
A. T. Savichev ◽  
S. Ya. Trofimov ◽  
E. A. Shishkonakova
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Laboratory Determination ◽  
Solid Phase Composition

Formation of nanoscale sodium dodecahydro-closo- dodecaborate Na2[B12H12] on silicate matrix surface

2019 ◽  
Vol 484 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
E. A. Malinina ◽  
V. K. Skachkova ◽  
I. V. Kozerozhets ◽  
V. V. Avdeeva ◽  
L. V. Goeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Liquid Glass ◽  
Silicate Matrix ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Salt Sample ◽  
Matrix Surface

The method of nanoscaled sodium dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate Na2[B12H12] synthesis is presented. The composite is heated to 200°C to yield the desired product, forming with the introduction of triethyl- ammonium salt [Et3NH]2[B12H12] into the silicate matrix of a sodium liquid glass. The morphology and phase composition of the synthesized sample are studied through SEM and X-ray diffraction methods, in comparison to those of a standard salt sample Na2[B12H12]. Based on the obtained data, the sample under study is an amorphous composite, on the surface of which nanoscale crystals of Na2[B12H12] form.

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