Homeodomain-leucine zipper type I (HD-Zip I) proteins are involved in the regulation of plant development and response to environmental stresses. In this study,OsSLI1(Oryza sativa stress largely induced 1), encoding a member of the HD-Zip I subfamily, was isolated from rice. The expression ofOsSLI1was dramatically induced by multiple abiotic stresses and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA).In silicosequence analysis discovered severalcis-acting elements including multiple ABREs (ABA-responsive element binding factors) in the upstream promoter region ofOsSLI1. The OsSLI1-GFP fusion protein was localized in the nucleus of rice protoplast cells and the transcriptional activity of OsSLI1 was confirmed by the yeast hybrid system. Further, it was found thatOsSLI1expression was enhanced in anABI5-Like1(ABL1) deficiency rice mutantabl1under stress conditions, suggesting that ABL1 probably negatively regulatesOsSLI1gene expression. Moreover, it was found thatOsSLI1was regulated in panicle development. Taken together,OsSLI1may be a transcriptional activator regulating stress-responsive gene expression and panicle development in rice.