How does the Fungal Endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum Affect Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Rhizodeposition and Soil Microorganisms?

2005 ◽  
Vol 275 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan M. Van Hecke ◽  
Amy M. Treonis ◽  
Jessica R. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Neotyphodium Coenophialum

Response of Pratylenchus spp. in tall fescue infected with different strains of the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum

Nematology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Timper ◽  
Roger N. Gates ◽  
Joe H. Bouton
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Neotyphodium Coenophialum ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Endemic Strain

Abstract The presence of the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) confers resistance to some plant-parasitic nematodes but also results in the production of ergot alkaloids. Recently, new strains of N. coenophialum have been isolated from wild tall fescue and artificially inoculated into elite tall fescue cultivars. These strains produce low to nil levels of ergot alkaloids and are referred to as non-ergot strains. Our objective was to determine whether non-ergot strains of the endophyte confer the same level of resistance to Pratylenchus spp. as the endemic strain in tall fescue. In a glasshouse experiment, nematode resistance was compared in two fescue cultivars (Jesup and Georgia 5) infected with either the endemic strain (E+), or two non-ergot strains, AR542 and AR584. An additional non-ergot strain, AR514, was tested only in cv. Jesup. Cultivars Georgia 5 and Jesup without endophytes (E−) were used as controls. The endophtye status of the plants was confirmed and then three plants per cultivar/endophyte combination were transplanted into 10 cm square pots. The pots were inoculated with a mixed culture of Pratylenchus zeae and P. scribneri in the first trial and a pure culture of P. scribneri in the second trial of the experiment. After 8 weeks, the number of nematodes within the roots from each pot was determined. Numbers of Pratylenchus spp. in either cv. Georgia 5 or cv. Jesup containing the non-ergot strain AR542 were not different from numbers in E− plants. AR514 also did not confer resistance to the nematodes in cv. Jesup. By contrast, the non-ergot strain AR584 appears to confer resistance to Pratylenchus spp. in cv. Georgia 5, but not in cv. Jesup; however, the level of resistance in cv. Georgia 5 was less than the resistance conferred by the endemic endophyte. Genetic differences between the two tall fescue cultivars may affect growth of the endophyte or production of a nematode toxin or deterrent by the endophyte. As only a small subset of endophyte strains has been tested, we are screening additional non-ergot strains for resistance to P. scribneri.

scholarly journals Infestation of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) with Neotyphodium coenophialum and its influence on growth of chosen microorganisms in vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Pańka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Neotyphodium Coenophialum ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibition Zone

Occurrence of <i>Neotyphodium coenophialum</i> in tall fescue cultivars cultivated in Poland and determination an endophyte inhibition effect on mycelium growth of chosen microorganisms <i>in vitro</i> were investigated. Seventeen seed lots of 11 cultivars of tall fescue were examined. The endophyte mycelium was dyed with bengal rose and microscopically examined to detect <i>N. coenophialum</i>. Occurrence of endophyte was checked with PCR method. Influence of endophyte on growth of 15 microorganisms was established in the laboratory conditions on Petri dishes with PDA medium at 10, 20 and 30<sup>°</sup>C. <i>Neotyphodium coenophialum</i> occurred only in two seed lots, 'Barrocco' - 42% and Terros - 2%. Living mycelium of endophyte was isolated only from 'Barrocco'. The highest mycelium growth inhibition of <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i>, <i>Fusarium avenaceum</i>, <i>F. equiseti</i>, <i>Microdochium nivale</i> and <i>Gaeumannomyces graminis</i> by endophyte at 30<sup>°</sup>C was recorded. The highest width of growth inhibition zone (4mm) was detected for the last pathogen. Mycelium growth of <i>B. sorokiniana</i> and <i>M. nivale</i> was not inhibited at 10<sup>°</sup>C, and for <i>F. avenaceum</i> at 10 and 20<sup>°</sup>C.

scholarly journals The impact of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) endophyte (Neotyphodium spp) on non target soil microorganisms

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sayer ◽  
G. Burch ◽  
S.U. Sarathchandra
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
The Impact

The impact of two strains of the tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) endophyte (Neotyphodium spp) (E) on the rhizoplane and rhizosphere soil microorganisms was examined at two sites (Lincoln endophytefree (E) and the endophyte strain AR501; and Aorangi E AR501 and a second strain AR542) Rhizosphere and rhizoplane populations of bacteria and fungi functional diversity root fungi and soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were measured Most characteristics measured showed no differences between E and E samples indicating that the presence of endophytes had no impact on nontarget soil microorganisms At Aorangi soil microbial biomass C and N were significantly greater (Plt;005) in AR542 than E1 and AR501 soils Culturable fungal populations from both the rhizoplane and rhizosphere soil were significantly greater (Plt;005) in the E than the AR501 samples at Lincoln but not at Aorangi There were no differences in the functional diversity of rhizoplane microorganisms due to endophyte

scholarly journals Towards the elimination of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis genes in Neotyphodium Coenophialum

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 477-479
Author(s):  
S. Florea ◽  
C. Machado ◽  
D. Zhang ◽  
D.G. Panaccione ◽  
C.L. Schardl
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Ergot Alkaloid ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Loxp Site ◽  
Alkaloid Biosynthesis ◽  
Neotyphodium Coenophialum ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Dimethylallyltryptophan Synthase ◽  
Recombination System

Neotyphodium coenophialum strain e19 from tall fescue cv. Kentucky 31 carries dmaW1 and dmaW2, two gene homologues that encode dimethylallyltryptophan synthase, the enzyme for the first step in ergot-alkaloid biosynthesis. In our effort to disrupt both homologues and ultimately obtain marker-free mutants, we are using a marker-exchange strategy employing the Cre/ loxP site-specific recombination system. Of 1522 transformants obtained and screened, three were likely dmaW2 disruptants because they gave no PCR product from the wild-type locus, but yielded the larger PCR fragment from the disruption construct. The putative dmaW2-knockouts were also transformed with pKAES186, a plasmid with a cassette containing the cre and ble genes in between loxP sequences. The transformants obtained were screened for the presence of hph, cre and ble genes. The preliminary results indicate a loop-out of the hph gene. The transformants inoculated into endophyte-free tall fescue preserved their compatibility with the plant. The fungus grown from these plants will be further analysed for the presence of hph, cre and ble genes. Keywords: Cre/LoxP, dimethylallyltryptophan synthase, dmaW, Epichloë, ergot alkaloids, Festuca arundinacea, gene knockouts, Lolium arundinaceum, Neotyphodium coenophialum, tall fescue

scholarly journals Epichloë Fungal Endophyte Symbiosis May Improve Tall Fescue Responses to Flooding and Oxygen-Limited Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayebeh Saedi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mosaddeghi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Sabzalian ◽  
Mohsen Zarebanadkouki
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Aerenchyma Formation ◽  
Genotype E

Abstract Background and aims There is little information about the effect of grass-fungal endophyte symbiota on plant performance under oxygen-limited conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Epichloë endophyte symbiosis and tall fescue genotype on plant responses to oxygen stress in a greenhouse pot experiment.Methods A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted with seven air-filled porosity levels in a sandy loam soil using two genotypes (75C and 75B) of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea = Schedonorus arundinaceus Schreb.) infected with and without endophytic fungus Epichlöe coenophiala (E+ and E–, respectively). Some selected growth and physiological parameters were determined after nine-month application of the treatments.Results The results showed that E+ plants benefited from endophytic symbiosis and showed slightly higher root and shoot development, more leaf chlorophyll, and lower catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activity than E– plants under poor aeration. The E– plants also coped with poor aeration conditions by forming adventitious roots at the soil surface, aerenchyma formation within the root tissue, and increased alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity.Conclusions The presence of endophyte improved the performance of the genotype E+ 75B under anaerobic conditions, while endophyte had an adverse effect on the performance of the genotype E+ 75C. In general, Epichloë endophyte presence decreased the flooding induced oxidative stress and prevented the formation and over-accumulation of reactive oxygen species in plant cells.

Herbicides with Crop Competition Replace Endophytic Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali M. Bagegni ◽  
Harold D. Kerr ◽  
David A. Sleper
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
System A ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass ◽  
Better Than

Herbicides and interim summer crop treatments were studied in 1984 to 1987 to replace fungal endophyte-infected with endophyte-free tall fescue or red clover to improve forage quality. Foliar glyphosate or paraquat were applied in spring across interim crops with PRE herbicides. The interim crops, grain sorghum with atrazine, sorghum-sudangrass hybrid with metribuzin, or soybean with imazaquin, were each applied as confounded treatments across glyphosate or paraquat. Within an interim crop system, a follow-up glyphosate treatment was serially applied the next fall or spring. Then either red clover or endophyte-free tall fescue was spring drilled within the fall or spring glyphosate follow-up treatments. Glyphosate controlled old tall fescue better than paraquat, and improved the stand of the endophyte-free tall fescue. Control of tall fescue was 97% from 1.7 kg ai/ha glyphosate. Glyphosate reduced the endophyte from a 77% original infection level to 20% over all interim crops after drilling the endophyte-free tall fescue. Among interim crops, grain sorghum or the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid was more competitive than soybean with the uncontrolled tall fescue. Replacement with endophyte-free tall fescue was best in grain sorghum or sorghum-sudangrass hybrid stubble the next spring. Grain sorghum or sorghum-sudangrass hybrid following foliar glyphosate or paraquat treatment of endophyte-infected tall fescue reduced endophyte infection level in tall fescue to 28%. A follow-up fall treatment with glyphosate controlled tall fescue better than the spring retreatment and red clover and endophyte-free tall fescue were established better from fall retreated glyphosate. Red clover was easily established by drilling into the sod after treating endophyte-infected tall fescue with either glyphosate or paraquat.

scholarly journals Endophyte fungus levels in perennial ryegrass and tall fescuse varieties grown for seed in Oregon, USA - implications for responsible grass straw use as livestock feed

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 275-276
Author(s):  
Young Iii ◽  
M.E. Mellbye ◽  
T.B. Silberstein ◽  
G.A. Gingrich ◽  
A.M. Craig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Seed Industry ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Endophyte Infection ◽  
Seed Harvest

Baling of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) straw residue following seed harvest has become a common practice in Oregon's grass seed industry. In 2005, almost 670 000 tons [607 000 Mg (tonne)] of grass straw was exported to Japan and Korea for use as livestock feed. Most of the grass seed varieties grown today are turf-type, which in recent years have been developed with high levels of fungal endophyte infection. Currently, over 73% and 43% of perennial ryegrass and tall fescue varieties, respectively, are ranked as having a "High" (>61% infected) infection level. Concern for the safe use of these grass straw residues had led to their routine analysis for toxin content before shipment to consuming markets. These chemical analyses provide assurances against deleterious effects to livestock fed Oregon grass straw. Keywords: straw, endophyte-infected, perennial ryegrass, tall fescue

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