scholarly journals Root over-production in heterogeneous nutrient environment has no negative effects on Zea mays shoot growth in the field

2016 ◽  
Vol 409 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 405-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbo Li ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Zed Rengel ◽  
Qinghua Ma ◽  
Fusuo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nutrient Environment

scholarly journals Effects of exposure of honey bee colonies to neonicotinoid seed–treated maize crops

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Pohorecka ◽  
Piotr Skubida ◽  
Piotr Semkiw ◽  
Artur Miszczak ◽  
Dariusz Teper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Pollen Loads ◽  
Modified Quechers ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Bee Colonies

Abstract The effects to honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera L.) during and after exposure to flowering maize (Zea mays L.), grown from seeds coated with clothianidin and imidacloprid was assessed in field-realistic conditions. The experimental maize crops were adjacent to the other flowering agriculture plants. Honey bee colonies were placed in three differently protected maize fields throughout the blooming period, and thereafter they were transferred to a stationary apiary. Samples of pollen loads, bee bread, and adult bees were collected and analyzed for neonicotinoid residues. To ensure high specificity and sensitivity of detection of the analyzed pesticides, a modified QuEChERS extraction method and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry were used. Clothianidin was detected only in the samples of pollen loads. Their residue levels ranged from 10.0 to 41.0 ng/g (average 27.0 ng/g). Imidacloprid was found in no investigated sample. No negative effects of neonicotinoid seed-treated maize on the development and long-term survival of honey bee colonies were observed. The low proportion of Zea mays pollen in total bee-collected pollen during the maize flowering period was noted. The findings suggest that maize plants are less attractive forage for honey bees than phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth.), buckwheat (Fagopyrum Mill.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), goldenrod (Solidago L.), and vegetation from Brassicaceae family. The results indicate a possibility of reducing the risk of bees being exposed to the toxic effect of insecticidal dusts dispersed during maize sowing by seeding, in the areas surrounding maize crops, plants that bloom later in the year.

Studies on Maize (Zea mays) at Bunda, Malawi. I. Yield in Relation to Rainfall

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. MacColl
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Nitrogen Levels

SUMMARYYields of maize were determined in six years, on two soils, at up to four nitrogen levels following early and late planting. Without fertilizer nitrogen, high rainfall at the beginning of the growing season reduced yield on one soil but not on the other, while high rainfall at late silking and high total rainfall in the growing season reduced yields on both soils. As the level of fertilizer nitrogen increased, the negative effects of rainfall on yield tended to disappear. A three week delay in planting sometimes increased and sometimes decreased yield. The probable reasons for the observed effects of rainfall on yield are discussed.

Napropamide Uptake, Transport, and Metabolism in Corn (Zea mays) and Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Barrett ◽  
Floyd M. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Corn Roots ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Napropamide [2-(α-napthoxy)-N,N-diethylpropionamide] inhibited root and shoot growth in corn (Zea maysL. ‘NC+ 59’) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill. ‘Niagara VF315’) seedlings. Shoot growth was reduced less than root growth in both species. Corn roots were approximately 10 times more sensitive to napropamide than were tomato roots. Translocation of napropamide from the roots to the shoot of tomato occurred within 0.5 h and followed an apoplastic pattern. Little movement of napropamide from the roots to the shoots occurred in corn. Metabolism of napropamide was not evident in either species during an 8-h exposure. Absorption studies showed that total napropamide levels were 60% higher in corn root tissue than in tomato root tissue. The greater napropamide content in the corn roots was associated with a tightly bound fraction of the total napropamide influx.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION AND TEMPERATURE ON EFFICACY OF INOCULATED BACTERIA IN IMPROVING MAIZE (Zea mays)

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (64) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruqia Suliman
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Bacterial Inoculation ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Effect Of Glucose ◽  
Positive Effect

Effect of bacterial inoculation of four strain of Escherichia (E1, E2, E3, E4) and five strains of Bacilli (B1, B2, B3 B4, B5) on growth of maize (Zea mays) var EV-6098 was studied at three glucose regimes, viz 0, 1.25, 2.50 mg.g-1 and at three temperatures viz. 25ºC, 37ºC and 39ºC. Shoot growth in terms of shoot length and number of leaves per plant was better at 25ºC than at 37ºC and 39ºC. At 0 mg.g-1 glucose concentration E3, B2 and B3 inoculation while at 2.50 mg.g-1 concentration E3 and B4 inoculations significantly enhanced shoot length ,number of leaves per plant was increased significantly by B4 inoculation at 37ºC and 0 mg.g-1 glucose concentration. All the inoculated strains of Escherichia at 0 mg g-1 and B3 strain of Bacillus sp at 2.50 mg.g-1 glucose level and at 25ºC significantly enhanced root length. At 0 mg.g-1 of glucose concentration E1, E3 caused positive effect on seedling dry biomass at 39ºC.

Differential Toxicity, Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Metolachlor in Corn (Zea mays) and Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg A. Dixon ◽  
E. W. Stoller
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Soil Mixture ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Differential Toxicity

Metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] toxicity, absorption, translocation, and metabolism were investigated in corn (Zea maysL.) and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.). Metolachlor did not inhibit seed germination in corn or tuber germination in yellow nutsedge. It did not kill yellow nutsedge tubers that were exposed to 4 ppmw for 9 weeks. Metolachlor (10 ppmw) applied in soil above the seed significantly reduced corn shoot growth, but the same concentration around or below the seed had no effect. A soil mixture with metolachlor (1 ppmw) placed above or around yellow nutsedge tubers significantly reduced shoot growth, but placement around the tuber was the most toxic; placement below the tuber had no effect on shoot growth. The concentration of metolachlor that resulted in 50% reduction of shoot growth of 4-day-old seedlings in solution culture was > 10−4M for corn and <10−6M for yellow nutsedge. Root-applied14C-metolachlor was acropetally translocated to shoots of both species following a 7- to 13-day absorption period, with yellow nutsedge translocating the highest portion of the absorbed material to shoots. In 2-day-old seedlings with roots exposed to14C-metolachlor for up to 48 h, both species absorbed and translocated the radioactivity to shoots, but corn absorbed much more than yellow nutsedge. When the14C-metolachlor was applied to shoots of both species, the radioactivity was translocated basipetally into roots. Yellow nutsedge exuded appreciable14C-metolachlor out of the roots and absorbed more14C-metolachlor through shoot tissues than corn. Both corn and yellow nutsedge seedlings readily converted the14C-metolachlor to metabolites, but corn was able to metabolize the14C-metolachlor at a faster rate than yellow nutsedge and also produced more metabolites.

Effet du labour printanier et des cultures intercalaires de trèfle rouge sur le rendement du maïs-grain

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.-P. Claude ◽  
A. F. MacKenzie ◽  
G. R. Mehuys ◽  
B. E. Coulman
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Tight Control ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L

Because corn (Zea mays L.) production may cause soil degradation, cultural systems to minimize this degradation are required. Intercropping of corn with legumes may reduce such degradation, but effects on corn yields must be evaluated. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of a red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) intercrop in conjunction with spring ploughing on the yield of grain corn on two soil types: a Chicot sandy loam and a Ste-Rosalie clay loam. A split-plot experimental design established on each soil consisted of three cultural practices as the main plots and three rates of N fertilizer as the split plots. Corn yields decreased significantly from 1987 to 1989 in conjunction with an increase in the biomass produced by the intercropped red clover and the weeds that it harboured. However, spring ploughing of this biomass rather than fall incorporation had no negative effects on the yield of corn. Although in the case of fall ploughing the presence of red clover did allow for the accumulation of additional inorganic nitrogen in the soil in the spring, the competitiveness of the red clover and especially of the weeds caused a decrease in the yield of grain corn. The use of intercropped red clover for soil conservation in Quebec may thus be limited if a tight control over weeds is not maintained. Key words: Intercropping, Zea mays, Trifolium pratense, nitrogen, spring ploughing

Effect of restricted watering on sap flow and growth in corn (Zea mays L.)

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Gavloski ◽  
C. R. Ellis ◽  
G. H. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Root System ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Box

The heat balance technique for measuring sap flow was used to determine how plant stress from watering various proportions of the root system in corn (Zea mays L.) affects sap flow and root and shoot growth. Sectional root-boxes were used to divide the root system into four equal compartments so that known proportions of the root system could be subjected to water stress. Results indicated that the root-box technique is useful in studying the effects of adverse growing conditions in corn. Treatments consisted of no watering and watering one, two, three, or four sections of the box. Sap flow was measured using gauges that worked on a heat balance principle, and aspects of root and shoot growth were also measured. Withholding water from two or more sections of the box for 26 d resulted in decreased sap flow and fresh and dry weight of stalks compared with plants where all four sections were watered (control). Plant height was lower in boxes where one or more sections were deprived of water compared with the control. Dry weight of roots was less when water was withheld from three or all sections of the roots, and fresh weight of roots was less when water was withheld from all four sections. Corn plants with even half the roots growing under stressed conditions resulted in decreased sap flow and shoot growth.Key words: Root-box, moisture stress

Butylate and Carbofuran Interaction in Barley and Corn

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan S. Hamill ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Carbamate Pesticides ◽  
Corn Roots ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Radicle Length

Radicle length of barley (Hordeum vulgareL. ‘Larker’) seedlings was greatly reduced by the combination of the herbicideS-ethyl diisobutylthiocarbamate (butylate) applied in combination with the insecticide 2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl-7-N-methylcarbamate (carbofuran). Corn (Zea maysL. ‘Michigan 400’) seedlings were not similarly affected. Carbofuran interacted with butylate to reduce synergistically the root and shoot growth of barley but not that of corn. The combination of these two carbamate pesticides synergistically increased respiration in barley. The basis for these interaction effects in barley appeared to be decreased metabolism of butylate and increased respiration in the presence of carbofuran. Although the same metabolism trend was apparent in tolerant corn, the butylate level was much lower since the absorption of butylate was reduced by the carbofuran seed treatment. The14C from14C-butylate preferentially accumulated in barley shoots and corn roots.

scholarly journals The effect of caffeine in a nutrient medium on rhizogenesis of the Rubus genus plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 03013
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Muratova ◽  
Roman V. Papikhin ◽  
Yuliya V. Khoroshkova
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Effective Range ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Tissue Necrosis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Growth Increase ◽  
Negative Effect

The paper presents data on the caffeine’s effect on microplants. As part of the rooting medium, caffeine can produce both positive and negative effects, depending on the concentration. The most effective range of caffeine concentrations in a nutrient medium, when plants of the Rubus genus are rooting, was determined – from 1 to 100 mg/l. The use of caffeine in optimal concentration enabled the acceleration of roots growth, increase in rooting frequency, and the number of roots per rooted microcuttings. A concentration of caffeine in excess of 0.1% has a negative effect on plant tissues, slowing down and stopping the formation of roots, shoot growth and causing tissue necrosis.

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