A basic tool set for a generalized directional model

Public Choice ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 140 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Linhart ◽  
Susumu Shikano
Keyword(s):  
Basic Tool ◽  
Directional Model ◽  
Tool Set

scholarly journals Stoichiometric optimization of Gata4, Hand2, Mef2c, and Tbx5 expression for contractile cardiomyocyte reprogramming

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhentao Zhang ◽  
Wenhui Zhang ◽  
Young-Jae Nam
Keyword(s):  
Basic Tool ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Sarcomeric Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Tbx5 Expression ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Tool Set ◽  
Vector Transduction

Abstract Reprogramming of fibroblasts to induced cardiomyocyte-like cells (iCMs) offers potential strategies for new cardiomyocyte generation. However, a major challenge of this approach remains its low efficiency for contractile iCMs. Here, we showed that controlled stoichiometric expression of Gata4 (G), Hand2 (H), Mef2c (M), and Tbx5 (T) significantly enhanced contractile cardiomyocyte reprogramming over previously defined stoichiometric expression of GMT or uncontrolled expression of GHMT. We generated quad-cistronic vectors expressing distinct relative protein levels of GHMT within the context of a previously defined splicing order of M-G-T with high Mef2c level. Transduction of the quad-cistronic vector with a splicing order of M-G-T-H (referred to as M-G-T-H) inducing relatively low Hand2 and high Mef2c protein levels not only increased sarcomeric protein induction, but also markedly promoted the development of contractile structures and functions in fibroblasts. The expressed Gata4 and Tbx5 protein levels by M-G-T-H transduction were relatively higher than those by transductions of other quad-cistronic vectors, but lower than those by previously defined M-G-T tri-cistronic vector transduction. Taken together, our results demonstrate the stoichiometric requirement of GHMT expression for structural and functional progresses of cardiomyocyte reprogramming and provide a new basic tool-set for future studies.

Educating the educators to innovate: the need to reinvent academia's mission and to reengineer their basic tool: the Educator

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
José Tribolet
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environments ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Basic Tool ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
Tool Set

Innovating is an attitude towards the world.For humanity to improve its capabilities to innovate, then innovation, as an individual capability with social value, must be nurtured since birth, in every human being, along with the full toolset of values, such as liberty, responsibility, solidarity, compassion, honesty, among others. A foundation for the acquisition and maturation of the innovation attitudes in an individual lay on its basic drive to question the world, to understand, i.e. model it, and in such process, to identify perplexities that confront him as problems to be solved or opportunities to be addressed. I consider the development and maturation of these capabilities in each individual an essential responsibility of academic institutions. To adopt encompassing processes for providing learning environments, for the students to acquire and develop innovation capabilities, Academic Institutions need to refurbish their production tool set, so that it acquires inherent innovation capabilities in all the dimensions of the academic activities. This is perhaps the biggest challenge today for these Institutions, because it requires massive reprogramming of the Professors mindsets and practices.

Glass Knife Geometry as Seen by the SEM

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
J. Temple Black
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Basic Tool ◽  
Tool Materials ◽  
Optical Inspection ◽  
Surface Flaws ◽  
Slip Planes ◽  
Glass Knife ◽  
Diamond Knife

In ultramicrotomy, the two basic tool materials are glass and diamond. Glass because of its low cost and ease of manufacture of the knife itself is still widely used despite the superiority of diamond knives in many applications. Both kinds of knives produce plastic deformation in the microtomed section due to the nature of the cutting process and microscopic chips in the edge of the knife. Because glass has no well defined slip planes in its structure (it's an amorphous material), it is very strong and essentially never fails in compression. However, surface flaws produce stress concentrations which reduce the strength of glass to 10,000 to 20,000 psi from its theoretical or flaw free values of 1 to 2 million psi. While the microchips in the edge of the glass or diamond knife are generally too small to be observed in the SEM, the second common type of defect can be identified. This is the striations (also termed the check marks or feathers) which are always present over the entire edge of a glass knife regardless of whether or not they are visable under optical inspection. These steps in the cutting edge can be observed in the SEM by proper preparation of carefully broken knives and orientation of the knife, with respect to the scanning beam.

Hearing in Mice via GSR Audiometry

1963 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles I. Berlin
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Single Units ◽  
Sensitivity Curve ◽  
Basic Tool ◽  
Eighth Nerve ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Conditioned Responses ◽  
Frequency Intensity ◽  
Near Threshold

Hearing in mice has been difficult to measure behaviorally. With GSR as the basic tool, the sensitivity curve to pure tones in mice has been successfully outlined. The most sensitive frequency-intensity combination was 15 000 cps at 0-5 dB re: 0.0002 dyne/cm 2 , with responses noted from 1 000 to beyond 70 000 cps. Some problems of reliability of conditioning were encountered, as well as findings concerning the inverse relationship between the size of GSR to unattenuated tones and the sound pressure necessary to elicit conditioned responses at or near threshold. These data agree well with the sensitivity of single units of the eighth nerve of the mouse.

Cauchy Problem for Equations with Fractional Differentiation Bessel Operator in the Space of Temperate Distributions

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75
Author(s):  
V. Litovchenko
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Cauchy Problem ◽  
Fundamental Solution ◽  
Initial Function ◽  
Well Posedness ◽  
Fractional Differentiation ◽  
Basic Tool ◽  
Conjugate Space ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Cauchy Problem

The well-posedness of the Cauchy problem, mentioned in title, is studied. The main result means that the solution of this problem is usual C∞ - function on the space argument, if the initial function is a real functional on the conjugate space to the space, containing the fundamental solution of the corresponding problem. The basic tool for the proof is the functional analysis technique.

Formulation of Nidana Panchaka in Breast Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Seethal Peenikkal ◽  
Dr.K.Savitha R. Shenoy ◽  
Dr.Sri Nagesh K.A.
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Indian Woman ◽  
Basic Tool ◽  
Current Increase ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Technical Terms

Breast Cancer is one of the most common types of malignancy among Indian woman currently. The current increase in the world wide prevalence of this disease suggests an urgent need of detailed analysis, diagnosis and treatment line through Ayurvedic principles. As cancer is least understood in technical terms of Ayurveda, Nidana Panchaka a basic tool to understand and diagnose a Vyadhi, is used to analyze it. Even though a direct diagnostic correlation of breast cancer is not available under the major Vyadhi classifications, it is possible to elicit and formulate Nidana Panchaka based on the references of Sthana Roga, Shopha, Granthi, Arbuda etc. The current article is an effort to formulate Nidana Panchaka for Breast Cancer, from the background of basic principles of Ayurveda, for a better analysis and diagnosis of the Vyadhi.

scholarly journals Total Differentiability and Monogenicity for Functions in Algebras of Order 4

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Sabadini ◽  
D. C. Struppa
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Functions ◽  
Associative Algebras ◽  
Basic Tool ◽  
Algebraic Analysis ◽  
Italian School ◽  
Relevant Role

AbstractIn this paper we discuss some notions of analyticity in associative algebras with unit. We also recall some basic tool in algebraic analysis and we use them to study the properties of analytic functions in two algebras of dimension four that played a relevant role in some work of the Italian school, but that have never been fully investigated.

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