scholarly journals Reverse Privatization as a Reaction to the Competitive Environment: Evidence from Solid Waste Collection in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juri Demuth ◽  
Hans W. Friederiszick ◽  
Steffen Reinhold
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Solid Waste Collection ◽  
Local Service ◽  
The Cost

AbstractAfter earlier waves of privatization, local governments have increasingly taken back control of local service provisions in some sectors and countries and instead started providing those services themselves (reverse privatization). Using a unique panel dataset on the mode of service provision for solid waste collection for German municipalities that cover the years 2003, 2009, and 2015, we investigate the motives for reverse privatization. Our results show that—in deciding whether to insource or not—municipalities react to the cost advantages of private suppliers as well as to the competitive environment and municipal activity: there is more switching to insourcing in concentrated markets and in markets with horizontally or vertically related public services. Local interest groups influence this decision as well.

Efficiency of Municipal Solid Waste Collection Systems in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alhassan Sulemana ◽  
Emmanuel A. Donkor ◽  
Sampson Oduro-Kwarteng
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Cost Function ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cost Driver ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Solid Waste Collection ◽  
The Cost

For purposes of establishing a benchmark against which performance of municipal solid waste (MSW) collection systems can be evaluated by sector regulators, investors and managers, this study assessed the cost efficiency of MSW collection systems in Ghana, using stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). Data from seventy municipal solid waste collection systems were used to estimate the parameters of a Cobb-Douglas cost function. The study developed a cost function, estimated the parameters using maximum likelihood, and applied SFA to determine the efficiencies. Four variables (quantity of waste collected, distance travelled, fuel consumed and number of trips) which affect operating cost were used to estimate the efficiency. Results from the analysis showed that the cost efficiencies ranged from 59.82% to 93.23%, with a mean value of 84.16% and, that fuel consumed was the significant cost driver at the 5% significant level. Efficiencies for Municipal Assemblies ranged from 71.80% to 90.77%, with a mean value of 84.26% while District Assemblies recorded 59.82% to 93.23%, with a mean value of 83.79%. There was no significant difference in the mean relative efficiency estimates of the District and Municipal Assemblies. The findings establish a benchmark and methodology, essential for industrial players in performance evaluation. The study also serves as a resource material for further study in performance evaluation of solid waste collection systems, particularly in developing economies.

Willingness of the Poor to Pay for Improved Access to Solid Waste Collection and Disposal Services

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Wahid Murad ◽  
Mohammad Abdur Raquib ◽  
Chamhuri Siwar
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Solid Waste Collection ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Service Provisions

This study uses a contingent valuation method and multiple linear regression techniques to determine the factors that could affect the willingness to pay for solid waste collection and disposal services of householders residing in the squatter and low-cost flats in the city of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. One of the main problems experienced by many developing nations is the lack of service provisions, particularly in the low-income areas. Because such conditions adversely affect the quality of life of the poor, local stakeholders’ participation in social and environmental activities is necessary to resolve such socially undermining and environmentally degrading problems. In fact, tackling such a problem would require massive investment schemes by local governments. However, the governments of developing nations usually suffer from heavily burdened and stretched financial and economic resources and a high opportunity cost of funds. Therefore, society’s participation is logically and realistically needed for widening infrastructure and environmental service provisions.

scholarly journals Combination of conditional cash transfer program and environmental health interventions reduces child mortality: an ecological study of Brazilian municipalities

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anelise Andrade de Souza ◽  
Sueli Aparecida Mingoti ◽  
Rômulo Paes-Sousa ◽  
Leo Heller
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Solid Waste Collection ◽  
Access To Water

Abstract Background This study aims to assess the interactive effects of Brazilian public interventions, environmental health programs (access to water, sanitation and solid waste collection) and a Conditional Cash Transfer Program (PBF), on the mortality reduction due to diarrhea and malnutrition among children under 5 years old. Methods The study design is ecological, with longitudinal analysis in a balanced panel. The period covered is 2006 to 2016, including 3467 municipalities from all regions of the country, which resulted in 38,137 observations. The generalized linear models were adjusted considering the Negative Binomial (NB) distribution for the number of deaths due to malnutrition and diarrhea, with fixed effects. NB models with and without zero-inflation were assessed. Subsequent interaction models were applied to assess the combined effects of the two public policies. Results In relation to the decline of mortality rates due to diarrhea in the municipalities, positive effect modification were observed in the presence of: high coverage of the target population by the PBF and access to water, 0.54 (0.28–1.04) / 0.55 (0.29–1.04); high coverage by the total population by the PBF and access to water, 0.97 (0.95–1.00) and high coverage by the total population by the PBF and access to sanitation, 0.98 (0.97–1.00). Decline on diarrhea mortality was also observed in the joint presence of high coverage of solid waste collection and access to water, categories 1 (> 60% ≤85%): 0.98 (0.96–1.00), 0.98 (0.97–1, 00) and 2 (> 85% ≤ 100%): 0.97 (0.95–0.98), 0.97 (0.95–0.99). Negative effect modification were observed for mortality due to malnutrition in the presence of simultaneous high coverage of the total population by the PBF and access to sanitation categories 1 (≥ 20 < 50%): 1.0061 (0.9991–1.0132) and 2 (≥ 50 < 100%): 1.0073 (1.0002–1.0145) and high coverage of the total population by the PBF and solid waste collection, 1.0004 (1.0002–1.0005), resulting in malnutrition mortality rates increase. Conclusion Implementation of environmental health services and the coverage expansion by the PBF may enhance the prevention of early deaths in children under 5 years old due to diarrhea, a poverty related disease.

An efficient route design for solid waste collection using graph theory and the algorithm of the traveling agent in dynamic programming

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moisés Filiberto Mora Murillo ◽  
Walter Alfredo Mora Murillo ◽  
Luis Xavier Orbea Hinojosa ◽  
Arlys Michel Lastre Aleaga ◽  
Gabriel Estuardo Cevallos Uve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Graph Theory ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Solid Waste Collection ◽  
Route Design ◽  
Efficient Route
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