Post-Treatment Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Domestic Wastewater

Abstract Background Syphilis rates have been increasing both in the USA and internationally with incidence higher among men-who-have-sex-with-men and people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Currently, benzathine penicillin is the recommended treatment for syphilis in all patients. Global shortages and cost increases in benzathine penicillin call for alternative treatment options. This study evaluates the efficacy of oral cefixime for the treatment of early syphilis. Methods We are conducting a randomized, multisite, open-label, non-comparative clinical trial in Los Angeles and Oakland, CA. Eligible participants are ≥ 18 years old, with primary, secondary, or early latent syphilis (rapid plasma reagin [RPR] titer ≥ 1:8). Patients with HIV infection must have a viral load ≤ 200 copies/mL and CD4+ T cell count ≥ 350 cells/μL during the past 6 months. Participants are randomized to receive either 2.4 M IU benzathine penicillin G intramuscularly once or cefixime 400 mg orally twice a day for 10 days. Participants return at 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment for follow-up RPR serological testing. The primary outcome is the proportion of participants who achieve ≥ 4-fold RPR titer decrease at 3 or 6 months post-treatment. Discussion Clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of alternative antibiotics to penicillin are urgently needed. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03660488. Registered on 4 September 2018.

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Efficacy of macrophyte dominated wastewater inclosure as post-treatment alternative in domestic wastewater quality polishing for eradication of faecal pathogenic bacteria pollution

Process Safety and Environmental Protection ◽

10.1016/j.psep.2017.12.023 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 114 ◽

pp. 192-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Oscar Omondi Donde ◽

Cuicui Tian ◽

Yingying Tian ◽

Bangding Xiao

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Treatment Alternative ◽

Wastewater Quality

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Evaluation of anaerobic digestion post-treatment options using an integrated model-based approach

Water Research ◽

10.1016/j.watres.2019.02.035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 156 ◽

pp. 264-276 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

X. Flores-Alsina ◽

H. Feldman ◽

V.T. Monje ◽

P. Ramin ◽

K. Kjellberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Integrated Model ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Model Based

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Combined Treatment of Domestic Wastewater using Anaerobic and Solar Photocatalytic Treatment

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.2009.039 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 393-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Rajesh Banu ◽

Sudalyandi Kaliappan ◽

Khac-Uan Do ◽

Arthur James ◽

Ick Tae Yeom

Keyword(s):

Combined Treatment ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Anaerobic Treatment ◽

Stage I ◽

Stage Ii ◽

Photochemical Oxidation ◽

Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Anaerobic Sludge ◽

Working Volume

Abstract The present study utilizes anaerobic and solar photocatalytic methods to treat domestic wastewater. For stage I, a granulated hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (HUASB) with a working volume of 5.9 L was used. It was run in a recirculation mode for 3 days called "one cycle," and 30 cycles were run to find out the stability of the anaerobic treatment. During stage I anaerobic treatment, 90% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was removed, and it increased with an increase in digestion period for each cycle. Volatile fatty acids did not cause any operational problems during the stage I anaerobic treatment, being in the range of 280 to 90 mg/L. Stage I treated wastewater was subjected to a stage II solar photocatalytic oxidation method. The optimum pH and catalyst loading for the solar photochemical oxidation were found to be 5 and 200 mg/L, respectively. Stage II, treatment at an optimized condition, removed 66% of organics from the stage I treated wastewater. The combined COD removal due to the combination of these two technologies was found to be 96%.

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