Regulation of folic acid on phenolic acids production in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots

Laccases are multicopper-containing glycoproteins related to monolignol oxidation and polymerization. These properties indicate that laccases may be involved in the formation of important medicinal phenolic acid compounds in Salvia miltiorrhiza such as salvianolic acid B (SAB), which is used for cardiovascular disease treatment. To date, 29 laccases have been found in S. miltiorrhiza (SmLACs), and some of which (SmLAC7 and SmLAC20) have been reported to influence the synthesis of phenolic acids. Because of the functional redundancy of laccase genes, their roles in S. miltiorrhiza are poorly understood. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was used for targeting conserved domains to knockout multiple genes of laccase family in S. miltiorrhiza. The expressions of target laccase genes as well as the phenolic acid biosynthesis key genes decrease dramatically in editing lines. Additionally, the growth and development of hairy roots was significantly retarded in the gene-edited lines. The cross-sections examination of laccase mutant hairy roots showed that the root development was abnormal and the xylem cells in the edited lines became larger and looser than those in the wild type. Additionally, the accumulation of RA as well as SAB was decreased, and the lignin content was nearly undetectable. It suggested that SmLACs play key roles in development and lignin formation in the root of S. miltiorrhiza and they are necessary for phenolic acids biosynthesis.

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Integration of Gene-to-Metabolite Networks for Understanding Global Responses of Phenolic Acids Biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-2009-1216437 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 75 (04) ◽

Author(s):

Y Xiao ◽

B Yi ◽

YB Duan ◽

JF Chen ◽

Y Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Acids ◽

Salvia Miltiorrhiza

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Tanshinone IIA Protects Against Folic Acid-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x16500403 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (04) ◽

pp. 737-753 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Chunming Jiang ◽

Wei Zhu ◽

Qiuyuan Shao ◽

Xiang Yan ◽

Bo Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Folic Acid ◽

Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Tanshinone Iia ◽

Nuclear Antigen ◽

Local Inflammatory Response ◽

Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin ◽

Injured Kidney

Tanshinone IIA is a diterpene extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza, a popular and safe herb medicine that has been widely used in China and other Asian countries. Previous studies have demonstrated the pleiotropic effects of Tanshinone IIA on many disease treatments via its antitoxicity, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, as well as antifibrosis activities. However, its effect on acute kidney injury (AKI) has not been fully investigated. Here, we show for the first time that systemic administration of Tanshinone IIA can lead to improved kidney function in folic acid-induced kidney injury mice. In the acute phase of AKI, Tanshinone IIA attenuated renal tubular epithelial injury, as determined by histologic changes and the detection of Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in the kidney and urine. Additionally, Tanshinone IIA treatment resulted in elevated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and decreased inflammatory cells infiltration as well as chemokine expression, suggesting that Tanshinone IIA promoted renal repair following AKI and inhibited local inflammatory response in the injured kidney. This led to decreased long-term fibrosis in the injured kidney, characterized by less accumulation of fibronectin and collagen I in tubulointerstitium. Taken together, these results suggest that Tanshinone IIA may represent a potential approach for AKI treatment.

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