Ultrasonic evaluation of renal cortex arterial area enables differentiation between hypertensive and glomerulonephritis-related chronic kidney disease

Background Chronic kidney failure is a cause of death inchildren. Diagnosing chronic kidney disease is often made byclinical manifestations, laboratory findings and ultrasonographyor other imaging tests. Early detection of chronic kidney diseaseis needed for education and management of the disease.Objective To describe renal imaging findings and mortality inchildren with chronic kidney disease .Methods This was a cross-sectional study on children with kidneydiseases who were inpatients at Dr. Kariadi Hospital from January2008 to June 2011. Data were taken from medical records. Chronickidney disease was confirmed by clinical manifestations, laboratoryfindings, and radiologic imaging. Renal ultrasound findings weredetermined by the radiologist responsible at that time. Resultswere presented as ft:equency distributions.Results Of 37 chronic kidney disease cases, 27 were males and 10were females. Subjects' most common complaints were dyspnea (7out of 3 7) and edema (30 out of 3 7) . Renal ultrasound imaging ofsubjects with chronic kidney disease yielded the following findings:reduced cortico-medullary differentiation (30 out of 3 7), bilateralechogenic kidneys (21 out of 3 7), reduced renal cortex thickness(4 out of 37) and small-sized kidneys (4 out of 37) . Eight of the37 children died. These 8 subjects had the following radiologicimaging findin gs: both kidneys appeared small in size (4 out ofS),reduced 'renal cortex' thickness (4 out of 8), echogenic kidneys(6 out of 8), and reduced cortico-medullary differentiation (8out of8).Conclusion Renal ultrasound imaging of pediatric subjects withchronic kidney disease revealed findings of reduced corticomedullarydifferentiation, bilateral echogenic kidneys, reducedrenal cortex thickness, and small kidneys bilaterally.

Download Full-text

Renal Senescence, Telomere Shortening and Nitrosative Stress in Feline Chronic Kidney Disease

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci8120314 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 314

Author(s):

Jessica Quimby ◽

Andrea Erickson ◽

Shannon Mcleland ◽

Rachel Cianciolo ◽

David Maranon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽

Nitrosative Stress ◽

Renal Cortex ◽

Telomere Shortening ◽

Corticomedullary Junction ◽

Adult Cats ◽

Global Glomerulosclerosis ◽

Renal Senescence

Kidney tissues from cats with naturally occurring chronic kidney disease (CKD) and adult and senior cats without CKD were assessed to determine whether telomere shortening and nitrosative stress are associated with senescence in feline CKD. The histopathologic assessment of percent global glomerulosclerosis, inflammatory infiltrate, and fibrosis was performed. Senescence and nitrosative stress were evaluated utilizing p16 and iNOS immunohistochemistry, respectively. Renal telomere length was evaluated using telomere fluorescent in situ hybridization combined with immunohistochemistry. CKD cats were found to have significantly increased p16 staining in both the renal cortex and corticomedullary junction compared to adult and senior cats. Senior cats had significantly increased p16 staining in the corticomedullary junction compared to adult cats. p16 staining in both the renal cortex and corticomedullary junction were found to be significantly correlated with percent global glomerulosclerosis, cortical inflammatory infiltrate, and fibrosis scores. p16 staining also correlated with age in non-CKD cats. Average telomere length was significantly decreased in CKD cats compared to adult and senior cats. CKD cats had significantly increased iNOS staining compared to adult cats. Our results demonstrate increased renal senescence, telomere shortening, and nitrosative stress in feline CKD, identifying these patients as potential candidates for senolytic therapy with translational potential.

Download Full-text

Comparing Diagnostic Value of Renal Parenchymal Resistive Index And Cortical Echogenicity in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) ◽

10.31344/ijhhs.v4i3.200 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 194

Author(s):

Dria Anggraeny Sutikno ◽

Nurdopo Baskoro

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Negative Predictive Value ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Renal Cortex ◽

Resistive Index ◽

Renal Ultrasound ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a clinically impaired kidney degradation syndrome, which commonly is diagnosed based on glomerulus filtration rate (GFR). Renal parenchymal resistive index and the renal cortex echogenicity are ultrasound parameters that have been reported correlate with GFR values. This study aims to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value between renal intra-parenchymal resistive index and renal cortical echogenicitybased on GFR in CKD patients.Materials and Methods: This study is a cross sectional design. A renal ultrasound examination was performed to forty one CKD patients to assess the resistive index of the renal intra-parenchymal artery and the echogenicityof the renal cortex. The creatinine serum levels were obtained from the patients, as the gold standard of CKD diagnosis. Statistical data processing uses diagnostic test and Inter class Correlation Coefficients (ICC).Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of renal intraparenchymal resistive indexes were 23%, 79%, 33%, and 69% respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value between renal cortex echogenicity were 23%, 96%, 75%, and 73% respectively. The ICC analysisreported a Single Rater value of 0.1538 and Average of Raters 0.3528.Conclusion: Renal intra-parenchymal resistive artery was more specific than renal cortex echogenicity for diagnosing patients with chronic kidney disease.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 04 No. 03 July’20 Page : 194-199

Download Full-text

Alteration of connexin expression is an early signal for chronic kidney disease

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.00255.2010 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 301 (1) ◽

pp. F24-F32 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Julie Toubas ◽

Samantha Beck ◽

Anne-Laure Pageaud ◽

Anne-Cecile Huby ◽

Mouna Mael-Ainin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Renal Disease ◽

Gap Junction ◽

Adhesion Molecule ◽

Renal Cortex ◽

Chronic Renal Disease ◽

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽

Obstructive Nephropathy ◽

Cx43 Expression

Chronic kidney disease is promoted by a variety of factors that induce chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Inflammation and excessive scaring have been recently associated with disruptions of the gap junction-mediated intercellular communication. Nevertheless, little is known about alterations of the expression of gap junction proteins such as connexin (Cx) 43 and 37 in chronic renal disease. In this study, we investigated the expression of these two Cxs in the hypertensive RenTg mice, the anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis, and the unilateral ureteral obstruction models, all leading to the development of chronic kidney disease in mice. Expression of Cx43 was almost negligible in the renal cortex of control mice. In contrast, Cx43 was markedly increased in the endothelium of peritubular and glomerular capillaries of the 3-mo-old RenTg mice, in the glomeruli of mice suffering from glomerulonephritis, and in the tubules after obstructive nephropathy. The Cx43 expression pattern was paralleled closely by that of the adhesion markers such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 as well as the inflammatory biomarker monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. In contrast, Cx37 that was abundantly expressed in the renal cortex of healthy mice was markedly decreased in the three experimental models. Interestingly, Cx43+/− mice showed restricted expression of VCAM-1 after 2 wk of obstructive nephropathy. These findings suggest the importance of Cxs as markers of chronic renal disease and indicate that these proteins may participate in the inflammatory process during the development of this pathology.

Download Full-text

An equation to estimate the renal cortex volume in chronic kidney disease patients

Clinical and Experimental Nephrology ◽

10.1007/s10157-017-1492-8 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 603-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Takashi Nakazato ◽

Hiroo Ikehira ◽

Toshiyuki Imasawa

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Renal Cortex

Download Full-text

Diffusion tensor imaging of renal parenchyma in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease: Correlation with serum biomarkers

10.22541/au.161235171.19347933/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed Abdel Razek ◽

Ayman Hammad ◽

Manar Mansour ◽

Marwa Ramadan ◽

Khadiga Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Renal Cortex ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Serum Biomarkers ◽

Apparent Diffusion ◽

Diffusion Tensor Imaging Dti

Purpose: to demonstrate role of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in diagnosis of pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) using fraction anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Material and methods: Prospective study done on 35 CKD patients (19 boys, 16 girls; mean age 12.2±2.7 years) and 19 age and sex-matched volunteers. Patients with sclerotic (n = 25) and non-sclerotic (n= 10) CKD that underwent DTI of kidney. Results: Mean FA of renal cortex/ medulla in CKD (0.20±0.07, and 0.18±0.08) was significantly lower (p = 0.001) from volunteers (0.27±0.08, 0.31±0.09). Cutoff renal FA of cortex/ medulla used for diagnosis of CKD was 0.23, and 0.22 with AUC of 0.828, 0.828 and accuracy of 82.9%, 80.7%. Mean ADC of renal cortex/ medulla in CKD (1.98±0.23 and 2.03±0.23 X10-3mm2/s) was significantly higher (p = 0.001) that of volunteers (1.65±0.134 and 1.68±0.16 X10-3mm2/s. Cutoff renal ADC of cortex/medulla used to diagnosis of CKD were 1.75 and 1.85X10-3mm2/s with AUC of 0.828, 0.910, 0.828 and 0.81 and accuracy of 82.9%, 84.1%, 80.7% and 79.5%. FA of renal cortex/medulla in sclerotic CKD was significantly different (p = 0.001) than non-sclerotic CKD (0.26±0.07 and 0.25±0.08). The FA of renal cortex/medulla in CKD patients correlated with serum creatinine (r = -0.468; p = 0.000, r =-0.381; p = 0.001), e GFR (r = 0.364; p = 0.002, r = 0.318; p = 0.007). Conclusion: FA and ADC of renal cortex/ medulla can help in diagnosis of CKD, FA cortex/ medulla predicts sclerotic CKD and correlated with some of serum biomarkers.

Download Full-text