scholarly journals Contrasting patterns in leaf traits of Mediterranean shrub communities along an elevation gradient: measurements matter

Plant Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 765-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giandiego Campetella ◽  
Stefano Chelli ◽  
Camilla Wellstein ◽  
Emmanuele Farris ◽  
Giacomo Calvia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Gradient Measurements ◽  
Mediterranean Shrub

scholarly journals Parallel Alpine Differentiation in Arabidopsis arenosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Knotek ◽  
Veronika Konečná ◽  
Guillaume Wos ◽  
Doubravka Požárová ◽  
Gabriela Šrámková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Arabidopsis Arenosa ◽  
Genetic Clustering ◽  
Genomic Basis

Parallel evolution provides powerful natural experiments for studying repeatability of evolution and genomic basis of adaptation. Well-documented examples from plants are, however, still rare, as are inquiries of mechanisms driving convergence in some traits while divergence in others. Arabidopsis arenosa, a predominantly foothill species with scattered morphologically distinct alpine occurrences is a promising candidate. Yet, the hypothesis of parallelism remained untested. We sampled foothill and alpine populations in all regions known to harbor the alpine ecotype and used SNP genotyping to test for repeated alpine colonization. Then, we combined field surveys and a common garden experiment to quantify phenotypic parallelism. Genetic clustering by region but not elevation and coalescent simulations demonstrated parallel origin of alpine ecotype in four mountain regions. Alpine populations exhibited parallelism in height and floral traits which persisted after two generations in cultivation. In contrast, leaf traits were distinctive only in certain region(s), reflecting a mixture of plasticity and genetically determined non-parallelism. We demonstrate varying degrees and causes of parallelism and non-parallelism across populations and traits within a plant species. Parallel divergence along a sharp elevation gradient makes A. arenosa a promising candidate for studying genomic basis of adaptation.

scholarly journals Covariance of Sun and Shade Leaf Traits Along a Tropical Forest Elevation Gradient

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta E. Martin ◽  
Gregory P. Asner ◽  
Lisa Patrick Bentley ◽  
Alexander Shenkin ◽  
Norma Salinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Sun And Shade

Consistent response of crown transparency, shoot growth and leaf traits on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) trees along an elevation gradient in northern Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 1041-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Gottardini ◽  
Fabiana Cristofolini ◽  
Antonella Cristofori ◽  
Federica Camin ◽  
Marco Calderisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Crown Transparency ◽  
Consistent Response

scholarly journals Parallel alpine differentiation in Arabidopsis arenosa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Knotek ◽  
Veronika Konečná ◽  
Guillaume Wos ◽  
Doubravka Požárová ◽  
Gabriela Šrámková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Arabidopsis Arenosa ◽  
Genetic Clustering ◽  
Phenotypic Parallelism

AbstractParallel evolution provides powerful natural experiments for studying repeatability of evolution. Well-documented examples from plants are, however, still rare, as are inquiries of mechanisms driving convergence in some traits while divergence in others. Arabidopsis arenosa, a predominantly foothill species with scattered morphologically distinct alpine occurrences is a promising candidate. Yet, the hypothesis of parallelism remained untested. We sampled foothill and alpine populations in all regions known to harbour the alpine ecotype and used SNP genotyping to test for repeated alpine colonisation. Then, we combined field surveys and a common garden experiment to quantify phenotypic parallelism. Genetic clustering by region but not elevation and coalescent simulations demonstrated parallel origin of alpine ecotype in four mountain regions. Alpine populations exhibited parallelism in height and floral traits which persisted after two generations in cultivation. In contrast, leaf traits were distinctive only in certain region(s), reflecting a mixture of plasticity and genetically determined non-parallelism. We demonstrate varying degrees and causes of parallelism and non-parallelism across populations and traits within a plant species. Parallel divergence along a sharp elevation gradient makes A. arenosa a promising candidate for studying genomic basis of adaptation.

Temperature influences stomatal density and maximum potential water loss through stomata of Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustissima along a latitude gradient in southern Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Hill ◽  
Greg R. Guerin ◽  
Robert S. Hill ◽  
Jennifer R. Watling
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Dodonaea Viscosa ◽  
Significant Relationships

It is well known that physical leaf traits influence leaf functions, and that these traits vary across environmental gradients. Stomata can influence leaf function, with changes in density and size affecting potential water loss, CO2 uptake, and also leaf cooling. Plasticity in stomatal traits occurs in response to environmental factors; however, identifying which factors have the greatest influence is often difficult. We investigated variation in leaf size, stomatal density and size, and potential water loss from open stomata (gwmax), in the Australian native shrub Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustissima, across a range of environmental factors including temperature, rainfall and CO2. We used herbarium specimens collected across a latitudinal gradient, and also sampled along an elevation gradient in southern Australia. There were significant relationships between mean summer maximum temperature and stomatal density, and gwmax. We found no significant relationships between rainfall or CO2 and the leaf traits we studied. Increased stomatal density at warmer locations may result in an increase in the potential for transpiration, as a means for evaporative cooling. Alternatively, it may enable increased CO2 and nutrient uptake during the short, winter-growing season.

scholarly journals Comparing trait syndromes between Taiwanese subtropical terrestrial and epiphytic ferns and lycophytes at the species and community level

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenny Helsen ◽  
Tsung-Yi Lin ◽  
David Zeleny
Keyword(s):  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Functional Trait ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Leaf Economics Spectrum ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Epiphytic Fern ◽  
Northern Taiwan ◽  
Ferns And Lycophytes ◽  
Leaf Economics

While functional trait-trait and trait-environment relationships are well studied in angiosperms, it is less clear if similar relationships, such as the leaf economics spectrum (LES), hold for ferns and lycophytes. Similarly, studies exploring potential differences in trait-trait and trait-environment relationships between terrestrial and epiphytic fern communities in a given ecosystem are largely lacking. We measured nine leaf traits for 76 terrestrial and 43 epiphytic fern and lycophyte species across 59 vegetation plots along an elevation gradient in the subtropical forest of Northern Taiwan. We explored trait-trait and trait-environment relationships at both the species- and community level for both species groups. Epiphytes differed from terrestrial ferns and lycophytes in species- and community-level trait values, mainly reflecting responses to higher drought and nutrient stress. The angiosperm LES was reflected in the trait-trait correlations of terrestrial ferns, but not of epiphytes. This suggests that epiphytic trait patterns are mainly shaped by water, rather than nutrient availability. Trait-environment relationships were nonetheless more-or-less similar for several drought-related traits across both species' groups. This study illustrates that ferns and lycophyte trait patterns are not equivalent for epiphytic and terrestrial species or communities, and should not be extrapolated across species groups or between the species- and community-level.

Functional evenness of bird communities varies along the elevational gradient in Europe: Conservation implications

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Morelli ◽  
Yanina
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Bird Species Richness ◽  
Large Spatial Scale ◽  
Functional Evenness

ContextThe negative association between elevation and species richness is a well-recognized pattern in macro-ecology. ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate changes in functional evenness of breeding bird communities along an elevation gradient in Europe. MethodsUsing the bird data from the EBCC Atlas of European Breeding Birds we estimated an index of functional evenness which can be assumed as a measure of the potential resilience of communities.ResultsOur findings confirm the existence of a negative association between elevation and bird species richness in all European eco regions. However, we also explored a novel aspect of this relationship, important for conservation: Our findings provide evidence at large spatial scale of a negative association between the functional evenness (potential community resilience) and elevation, independent of the eco region. We also found that the Natura2000 protected areas covers the territory most in need of protection, those characterized by bird communities with low potential resilience, in hilly and mountainous areas.ConclusionsThese results draw attention to European areas occupied by bird communities characterized by a potential lower capacity to respond to strong ecological changes, and, therefore, potentially more exposed to risks for conservation.

Evaluation of Agronomic Traits of Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica) Inbred Lines Under Plastic House in Thua Thien Hue

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (3E) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trương Thị Hồng Hải ◽  
Nguyễn Thị Diệu Thể ◽  
Phan Thu Thảo
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sponge Gourd

In order to establish the pure line of sponge gourd containing aroma feature, we selected the desirable inbred lines by using a self-pollinating method. The present study was investigated to estimate the morphological traits and fruit quality of 6 sponge gourd inbred lines which generated at 4th generation of an aroma Luffa accession B29 under plastic house conditions. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, from May to November in 2016. Five plants per replication were examined. The results indicated that all inbred lines could grow well under plastic house conditions. The inbred lines had the same stem and leaf traits; whereas fruit shape, skin color and fruit veins color were observed differently among inbred lines. The aromatic trait was retained in all inbred lines either before or after cooking. The high yield was found in lines BC1 and BC2 by 10.1 tons/ha and 10.7 tons/ha, respectively. These inbred lines should be examined in open field condition to confirm the presence of aromatic trait and yield potential before completion of the procedures for recognition of new Luffa varieties.  

Variations with slope in stem and leaf traits of Melica przewalskyi in alpine grassland

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1307-1314
Author(s):  
DANG Jing-Jing ◽  
◽  
ZHAO Cheng-Zhang ◽  
LI Yu ◽  
HOU Zhao-Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Alpine Grassland
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