Classification of Drainage Basins Based on Readily Available Information

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (15) ◽  
pp. 5559-5574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ino Papageorgaki ◽  
Ioannis Nalbantis
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Available Information

K-MEANS CLUSTERING ALGORITHM BASED CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL FERTILITY IN NORTH WEST NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 780-787
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Hassan Hayatu ◽  
Abdullahi Mohammed ◽  
Barroon Ahmad Isma’eel ◽  
Sahabi Yusuf Ali
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
North West ◽  
R Programming ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
The Relationship

Soil fertility determines a plant's development process that guarantees food sufficiency and the security of lives and properties through bumper harvests. The fertility of soil varies according to regions, thereby determining the type of crops to be planted. However, there is no repository or any source of information about the fertility of the soil in any region in Nigeria especially the Northwest of the country. The only available information is soil samples with their attributes which gives little or no information to the average farmer. This has affected crop yield in all the regions, more particularly the Northwest region, thus resulting in lower food production.  Therefore, this study is aimed at classifying soil data based on their fertility in the Northwest region of Nigeria using R programming. Data were obtained from the department of soil science from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The data contain 400 soil samples containing 13 attributes. The relationship between soil attributes was observed based on the data. K-means clustering algorithm was employed in analyzing soil fertility clusters. Four clusters were identified with cluster 1 having the highest fertility, followed by 2 and the fertility decreases with an increasing number of clusters. The identification of the most fertile clusters will guide farmers on where best to concentrate on when planting their crops in order to improve productivity and crop yield.

A CLASSIFICATION OF WEST MALAYSIAN DRAINAGE BASINS

1971 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. EYLES
Keyword(s):  
Drainage Basins

scholarly journals Categorizing threatened species: an analysis of the Red List of the flora of Brazil

Oryx ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Moraes ◽  
R.A.X. Borges ◽  
E. M. Martins ◽  
R. A. Fernandes ◽  
T. Messina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
National Level ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Species List ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Threatened Plant Species ◽  
Available Information

AbstractIn Brazil most of the effort for the conservation of plant species has comprised evaluation of taxa for the Lista Oficial das Espécies Ameaçadas de Extinção da Flora Brasileira (Official Threatened Flora Species List), and little has been done to conserve individual species. This is a result of the listing process being interpreted as the final goal rather than as a means to achieve conservation effectiveness. In addition, a variety of systems for the classification of extinction risk have been applied, resulting in an inaccurate view of the conservation status of the flora of the country. Here we review the national listing process to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the Official Threatened Flora Species List. We used all available information to compile a list of taxa officially recorded as threatened in Brazil. The list was revised using the Flora do Brasil database. The resulting list has 4,967 taxa in 1,235 genera and 232 families. Despite controversies about advances in the Red Listing process, several improvements have been made at the institutional level, such as: (1) improving conservation databases, (2) developing information systems, and (3) increasing the number of taxonomists working in conservation biology. However, there is still no classification system for extinction risk that facilitates standardization of the listing process at the national level. In addition, regulatory processes related to the conservation of threatened plant species are not up-to-date with the conceptual and methodological advances made by the scientific community. We conclude that adjustments are needed to ensure the effectiveness of the conservation of plant species in Brazil.

scholarly journals CLASSIFICATION OF ALLUVIAL FANS IN JAPAN BY TOPOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL DATA OF DRAINAGE BASINS

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 334-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoji SAITO
Keyword(s):  
Alluvial Fans ◽  
Geological Data ◽  
Drainage Basins

scholarly journals RESERVES ESTIMATION OF A MARBLE QUARRY USING QUALITY INDICATORS

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1849
Author(s):  
I. Kapageridis ◽  
C. Albanopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicator ◽  
Mine Planning ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Indicator Values ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Quality Categories ◽  
Experienced Personnel

The use of standard estimation and modelling software tools in estimating marble quarry reserves poses a number of challenges. Marble quarry reserves are based on marble quality categories, almost unique for each quarry/deposit considered. These categories represent visual and physical aspects of marble such as colour, texture and fractures. Classification of marble to one of the categories is performed by experienced personnel and is based on samples much smaller in area than the blocks of marble which are potentially exploited. The available information is, also, mostly qualitative leading to further complications in the application of geomathematical estimation methods. The estimation of marble reserves described in this paper is based on interpolating quality indicator values from drillhole and quarry face samples to blocks in three dimensions. The procedure is applied in all working quarries of Iktinos Hellas SA and is based on Maptek Vulcan Quarry Modeller, a mine planning package adapted for quarrying. Its application and results is demonstrated using a case study from one of the quarries in NE Greece.

Missing evidence for landscape transience induced by tectonic forcing since the Late Quaternary in the steep marginal escarpments of the Korean Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jongmin Byun
Keyword(s):  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Eastern Margin ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Fine Resolution ◽  
Tectonic Forcing

<p>Steep and narrow escarpments develop along the eastern margin of the Korean Peninsula. They are compartments of a passive continental margin and thus have been considered tectonically stable. In contrast to the traditional notion, geomorphic markers indicative of the enhanced tectonic uplift since the Late Quaternary (i.e., coastal terraces at several different altitudes) have been observed along the eastern coastal areas of the peninsula. Therefore, the steep escarpments in the eastern margin are assumed to be tectonically reactivated. However, the spatial magnitude and timing of the reactivation and how the escarpments have responded to the reactivation have not been well studied. Knickzone is a typical geomorphic marker, which has long been utilized for deciphering the history and distribution of tectonics. Here, we examined the knickzones of the marginal escarpments, where transient knickzones are likely to be observed, in order to understand the spatial pattern of the Late Quaternary reactivation and its effects on the evolution of the marginal escarpments. We used SRTM 1 arc-second DEMs, satellite images with fine resolution, and geological maps to identify and classify knickzones. We also conducted field surveys for the verification of the identified knickzones. As a result of the knickzone analysis, 46 knickzones were identified in the study catchments. Their mean length and gradient are 461 m and 0.19 m/m, respectively. Most knickzones are at relatively high altitudes (i.e., median elevation 532 m) and thus are placed far from the coast. According to the classification of the identified knickzones, they are formed mainly due to varying rock types (11) or changes in lithologic features of the same rock type (e.g., weathering degree of rocks) (31). Few of them are associated with the accumulation of coarse sediments at a channel junction (3) and meander neck cut-off (1). This result implies that all identified knickzones in the study catchments are stationary rather than transient. Consequently, it postulates that the Late Quaternary tectonic forcing was insufficient to generate any transient knickzone. Otherwise, potential transient knickzones due to the reactivation might have disappeared rapidly during their upstream migration, which seems highly relevant to the high concavity of the stream profiles in the drainage basins of the escarpments. Additionally, the result suggests that transient knickzone is not a good indicator for interpreting the responses of the marginal escarpments to the reactivation during the Late Quaternary.</p>

Bone ice skates in the medieval Novgorod (based on archaeological research of the Institute of Archaeology RAS in 2018–2019)

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-118
Author(s):  
Oleg Oleynikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Instrumental Study ◽  
Working Surface ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Small Bone ◽  
Tubular Bones

The article summarizes available information on bone ice skates and presents the results of research and classification of the collection of skates of the 11th–15th centuries found by the Novgorod Expedition of the Institute of Archaeology RAS. Medieval ice skates are small bone runners made from the tubular bones of large domestic animals. All objects show traces of the specific processing of original bones: cut off epiphyses and a flattened plantar side (sliding surface). The amount of accumulated archaeological material, instrumental study of wear pattern on the working surface, experiments in the use and manufacture of skates, numerous ethnographic parallels in the use of bone skates in a number of countries almost up to the present day, as well as the fact of skating on bone shoes recorded in a 12th century source, make it safe to say that, in functional terms, ice skating was one of the forms of winter pastime and was a part of the Novgorod dwellers’ everyday life.

The paper describes methods of studying the texture properties of rocks from photographs of a whole core using variograms and matrices of co-occurrence. The practical goal of our research is to obtain curves based on images of rocks; for example, core photographs, microresistivity formation images (FMI), and X-ray computerized tomography (CT), which make it possible to segment images depending on the difference of textural characteristics of different areas of the image. Such texture attributes—separately or along with color information—can be used in the tasks of automatic lithotyping, as well as in modeling the petrophysical properties of rocks. Our practical experience in building predictive models from core photographs has shown that the use of versatile information improves the quality of modeling. In some cases, the classification of lithotypes and the prediction of reservoir properties is difficult and leads to erroneous results if we do not use all the available information. In practice, UV images of the core are not always available. There are also daylight core photos, when the color characteristics are not very informative. In such cases, including imaging types such as X-ray CT, texture attributes can be of great help in predictive model building

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Seleznev ◽  
D.O. Makienko ◽  
V.V. Abashkin ◽  
A.A. Chertova ◽  
A.F. Samokhvalov
Keyword(s):  
Model Building ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Color Information ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Texture Attributes

The effects of different sports on the activity of human functional systems

10.12737/7589 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Зилов ◽  
V. Zilov ◽  
Еськов ◽  
V. Eskov ◽  
Филатова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Actual Load ◽  
Adaptation Processes ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Sports Activities ◽  
Mixed Load

The review highlights the issues of classification of sports, their detailed description, based on available information about the functioning of organs and systems of the human body during sports activities. Features training and competitive loads on their nature and intensity, as well as the features of the actual load and the perfect plan of the theoretical model were identified. Aerobic, anaerobic and mixed load, lactate threshold, oxygen debt, and energy consumption were identified and characterized. The rest activities (active, passive and combined) as well as the typology of rest were described. The authors found a relationship between fatigue and rest with the nature of the adaptation processes.

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