Of Dreamliners and Drinking Water: Developing Risk Regulation and a Safety Culture for Direct Potable Reuse

Multi-barrier advanced treatment trains are able to purify wastewater to drinking water standards, but improved methods are needed to better understand microbial concentrations, viability, and growth potential throughout treatment and distribution.

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Planning for Direct Potable Reuse: Operational Aspects of an Integrated Drinking Water System

American Water Works Association ◽

10.5942/jawwa.2016.108.0061 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 108 ◽

pp. 48-55

Author(s):

Benjamin D. Stanford ◽

William C. Becker ◽

Jean F. Debroux ◽

Stephanie K.L. Ishii ◽

Stuart J. Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water System ◽

Potable Reuse ◽

Drinking Water System ◽

Direct Potable Reuse ◽

Operational Aspects

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Progress on legal and practical aspects on water reuse with emphasis on drinking water – an overview

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2021.412 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Silvia Pereira Santos ◽

Vimbai Pachawo ◽

Marilia Carvalho Melo ◽

José Manuel Pereira Vieira

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Reuse ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Public Confidence ◽

Wastewater Management ◽

Potable Reuse ◽

Global Evolution ◽

The Subject ◽

Water And Wastewater ◽

Direct Potable Reuse

Abstract The present study highlights the evolution, the progress and the prospects of future practices of water reuse in the world. The objective was to produce a comprehensive timeline on the global evolution and progress of water reuse. This was achieved through the analysis of the state of the art on the subject. The present study is a qualitative research, where three aspects have been considered to highlight the global evolution of water reuse: i) Regulations, Standards, Criteria or Guidelines (RSCG); ii) Indirect Potable Reuse Projects (IPR); and iii) Direct Potable Reuse Projects (DPR). The study focused on both legal and practical aspects of water reuse and considered 3 timelines in the context of RSCG, IPR and DPR: 29 RSCG instruments, institutionalized from 1918 to 2020, where only 4 instruments were solely dedicated to drinking water reuse; 10 IPR projects; 5 DPR projects. To achieve good, effective results, the regulatory framework must support the objectives of a structured water reuse policy in addition to guaranteeing legitimacy and maintaining public confidence. Integrated water and wastewater management, based on technological and scientific advances, has become a relevant aspect for implementation of more adequate measures by decision makers to address future global water challenges.

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Fate and persistence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes through a multi-barrier treatment facility for direct potable reuse

Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination ◽

10.2166/wrd.2021.097 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lina Wallmann ◽

Jörg Krampe ◽

Josef Lahnsteiner ◽

Elena Radu ◽

Pierre van Rensburg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Potable Water ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Treatment Facility ◽

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Potable Reuse ◽

Resistance Determinants ◽

Direct Potable Reuse

Abstract Given the availability of technological solutions and guidelines for safe drinking water, direct potable reuse of reclaimed water has become a promising option to overcome severe lack of potable water in arid regions. However, the growing awareness of the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in corresponding raw wastes has led to new safety concerns. This study investigated the fate of ARB and intracellular and extracellular ARG after each treatment step of an advanced water treatment facility in Windhoek, Namibia. The New Goreangab Water Reclamation Plant (NGWRP) produces drinking water from domestic secondary wastewater treatment plant effluent and directly provides for roughly a quarter of Windhoek's potable water demand. Procedures to study resistance determinants were based on both, molecular biology and culture-based microbiological methods. TaqMan real-time PCR was employed to detect and quantify intracellular resistance genes sul1, ermB, vanA, nptII and nptIII as well as extracellular resistance gene sul1. The NGWRP reduced the amount of both culturable bacterial indicators as well as the resistance genes to levels below the limit of detection in the final product. The main ozonation and the ultrafiltration had the highest removal efficiencies on both resistance determinants.

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