scholarly journals Progress on legal and practical aspects on water reuse with emphasis on drinking water – an overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Silvia Pereira Santos ◽  
Vimbai Pachawo ◽  
Marilia Carvalho Melo ◽  
José Manuel Pereira Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Global Evolution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Direct Potable Reuse

Abstract The present study highlights the evolution, the progress and the prospects of future practices of water reuse in the world. The objective was to produce a comprehensive timeline on the global evolution and progress of water reuse. This was achieved through the analysis of the state of the art on the subject. The present study is a qualitative research, where three aspects have been considered to highlight the global evolution of water reuse: i) Regulations, Standards, Criteria or Guidelines (RSCG); ii) Indirect Potable Reuse Projects (IPR); and iii) Direct Potable Reuse Projects (DPR). The study focused on both legal and practical aspects of water reuse and considered 3 timelines in the context of RSCG, IPR and DPR: 29 RSCG instruments, institutionalized from 1918 to 2020, where only 4 instruments were solely dedicated to drinking water reuse; 10 IPR projects; 5 DPR projects. To achieve good, effective results, the regulatory framework must support the objectives of a structured water reuse policy in addition to guaranteeing legitimacy and maintaining public confidence. Integrated water and wastewater management, based on technological and scientific advances, has become a relevant aspect for implementation of more adequate measures by decision makers to address future global water challenges.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Water and Wastewater Treatment with Emphasis in Membrane Treatment Operations

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios Zouboulis ◽  
Ioannis Katsoyiannis
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Fouling Control ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Membrane Treatment

The present Special Issue brought together recent research findings from renowned scientists in this field and assembled contributions on advanced technologies that have been applied to the treatment of wastewater and drinking water, with an emphasis on novel membrane treatment technologies. The 12 research contributions highlight various processes and technologies that can achieve the effective treatment and purification of wastewater and drinking water, aiming (occasionally) for water reuse. The published papers can be classified into three major categories. (a) First, there are those that investigate the application of membrane treatment processes, either directly or in hybrid processes. The role of organic matter presence and fouling control is the main aim of the research in some of these studies. (b) Second, there are studies that investigate the application of adsorptive processes for the removal of contaminants from waters, such as arsenic, antimony, or chromate, with the aim of the efficient removal of the toxic contaminants from water or wastewater. (c) Lastly, there are studies that include novel aspects of oxidative treatment such as bubbleless ozonation.

scholarly journals Toilet power: potable water reuse and the situated meaning of sustainability in the southwestern United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 633
Author(s):  
Kerri Jean Ormerod
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Q Methodology ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Urban Metabolism ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Southwestern United States ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Contextual Understanding ◽  
Direct Potable Reuse

<p>Proposals to recycle urban wastewater for potable purposes are at the forefront of water development. In this article I combine political ecology's attention to networked relations with Q methodology to identify the shared positions of select stakeholders in the southwestern United States, an urbanizing region increasingly reliant on potable water reuse. I employ critical Q methodology to provide a contextual understanding of how water and sanitation technology shapes subjects and environments. The analyses reveal two distinct sanitary subjectivities, which I label neosanitarian and ecosanitarian, whose views most sharply diverge regarding the appropriateness of direct potable reuse and composting toilets. The findings highlight the situated meaning of sustainability and also underscore the role that wastewater and water reuse play in shaping ecologies, which in turn, helps to identify the environments of elimination that make specific innovations in the water sector possible. In conclusion, I suggest that in the broader context of potable water reuse, the toilet is in a perniciously powerful position to make city-spaces and shape the future citizenry.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: infrastructure, urban metabolism, Q methodology, water recycling, composting toilet</p>

Removal and growth of microorganisms across treatment and simulated distribution at a pilot-scale direct potable reuse facility

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1370-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott E. Miller ◽  
Roberto A. Rodriguez ◽  
Kara L. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Drinking Water Standards ◽  
Simulated Distribution ◽  
Direct Potable Reuse ◽  
Improved Methods

Multi-barrier advanced treatment trains are able to purify wastewater to drinking water standards, but improved methods are needed to better understand microbial concentrations, viability, and growth potential throughout treatment and distribution.

Planning for Direct Potable Reuse: Operational Aspects of an Integrated Drinking Water System

2016 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Benjamin D. Stanford ◽  
William C. Becker ◽  
Jean F. Debroux ◽  
Stephanie K.L. Ishii ◽  
Stuart J. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Drinking Water System ◽  
Direct Potable Reuse ◽  
Operational Aspects

Water Quality for Potable Reuse

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (10-12) ◽  
pp. 2171-2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Lauer
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Direct Potable Reuse

Denver's Potable Water Reuse Demonstration Project is designed to examine the feasibility of converting secondary treated wastewater to potable water quality. A 1.0 mgd (44L/s) treatment plant began operation in 1985 and during the first three years many processes were evaluated. Data from the evaluation period was used to select the optimum treatment sequence which is now being used to produce samples for the two-year animal feeding health effects study now underway. Operation in this configuration will continue until early 1991 during which time comprehensive analytical studies will further define the water quality in relation to existing standards and Denver's current potable supply. A decision concerning the full-scale implementation of direct potable reuse will follow extensive analysis of the test results and in-depth economic evaluation.

scholarly journals Fate and persistence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes through a multi-barrier treatment facility for direct potable reuse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Wallmann ◽  
Jörg Krampe ◽  
Josef Lahnsteiner ◽  
Elena Radu ◽  
Pierre van Rensburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Direct Potable Reuse

Abstract Given the availability of technological solutions and guidelines for safe drinking water, direct potable reuse of reclaimed water has become a promising option to overcome severe lack of potable water in arid regions. However, the growing awareness of the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in corresponding raw wastes has led to new safety concerns. This study investigated the fate of ARB and intracellular and extracellular ARG after each treatment step of an advanced water treatment facility in Windhoek, Namibia. The New Goreangab Water Reclamation Plant (NGWRP) produces drinking water from domestic secondary wastewater treatment plant effluent and directly provides for roughly a quarter of Windhoek's potable water demand. Procedures to study resistance determinants were based on both, molecular biology and culture-based microbiological methods. TaqMan real-time PCR was employed to detect and quantify intracellular resistance genes sul1, ermB, vanA, nptII and nptIII as well as extracellular resistance gene sul1. The NGWRP reduced the amount of both culturable bacterial indicators as well as the resistance genes to levels below the limit of detection in the final product. The main ozonation and the ultrafiltration had the highest removal efficiencies on both resistance determinants.

scholarly journals International research agency perspectives on potable water reuse

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Burgess ◽  
Melissa Meeker ◽  
Julie Minton ◽  
Mark O'Donohue
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
International Research ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Direct Potable Reuse

This paper summarises the technical, social and political issues regarding direct potable reuse in the USA, Australia, and South Africa.

Recent Advances in Water Reuse Research in South Africa

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (10-12) ◽  
pp. 2061-2071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E. Odendaal
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Removal Technology ◽  
Quality Upgrading ◽  
Direct Potable Reuse

Due to limited water resources, water reuse is pursued as a major component of an overall strategy to optimise water use in South Africa. Progress in South African water reuse research, mainly since 1985, is reviewed. In the field of potable reuse research, the topics addressed are epidemiological studies, activated carbon, the microbiology of reclaimed water, bioassaying, and reverse osmosis. Information is provided on the scale of direct agricultural and industrial reuse of purified sewage effluents. Indirect reuse is steadily increasing and research which traditionally addressed direct potable reuse is becoming of equal relevance to indirect reuse. In addition, research becomes necessary on problems which relate specifically to indirect reuse, such as : treatment of algal waters, variation of raw water quality, upgrading of sewage effluent quality, organohalogens, and salination problems. Recent advances in research on internal water reuse by industry focused in particular on membranes and salt removal technology. Cases mentioned are textile dyehouse, scouring, bleaching and mercerising processes; bottle washing; wool scouring; water works wash water; and power station cooling.

Optimal planning of water and wastewater management infrastructure for insular areas: the role of water reuse

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Gikas ◽  
Songsong Liu ◽  
Lazaros G. Papageorgiou ◽  
Flora Konstantopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Groundwater Availability ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Optimum Water

The present article estimates the financial benefits of water reuse by calculating the annualised total cost of water and wastewater management, using mixed integer linear programming. The programme is using as input: geographical data, population distribution, and groundwater availability (for a given area), to calculate the qualitative localised water needs, and to estimate the sizes and locations of water and wastewater management infrastructure, so as to minimise the relative annualised total cost (capital and operating). The programme is used to calculate the optimum water and wastewater infrastructure (and the relative annualised water and wastewater management cost), with and without the option for water reclamation and reuse. One case study is presented for the Greek islands of Santorini and Thirasia. The proposed model has showed significant computational benefit, compared with previous models. Thus, for Santorini–Thirasia Islands, the total annualised cost for optimum water and wastewater management infrastructures, with water reclamation, has been calculated as $2,153,694, while the above cost has been calculated as 19% higher, if water reclamation is not an option. It is obvious from the computational results that water reuse can reduce significantly the total water and wastewater management cost.

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