Electrospun Nanofibers for Scheming Water Pollution

Water pollution is one of the key global problems which require immediate attention. Worldwide, it is predicted that more than 50% of countries will encounter water scarcities by 2025 which will increase to 75% by 2075. Each year more than 5 million people die due to water-borne diseases. The threat due to pollution by industries, exponential population growth, urbanization, by pathogenic microorganisms from human and animal waste, etc. The rise in water pollution and its subsequent effects on human health and environment is a matter of great concern. The water pollutants ought to be removed to improve water quality for human use. Nanoparticles or zero dimensional materials have been extensively studied since long, whereas one dimensional material (nanorods, nanotubes, nanowires, or nanofibers) have recently grabbed a lot of interest from global researchers. Nanofibers having large aspect ratio are grabbing incredible attention owing to dependency of physical property on directionality having high porosity and surface area as compared to normal fibers.

Constructed Floating treatment wetlands: can they improve water quality in a northern USA climate?

Constructed floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) are a best management practice (BMP) applied in aquatic environments to improve water quality by mitigating nutrient pollution. We evaluated the efficacy of FTWs in Minnesota, USA as a tool for the removal of excess nutrients in surface water to enhance water quality. We began with a 2015 outdoor mesocosm study to quantify the removal efficiency of total phosphorus (TP), ortho-phosphate-P (PO4-P), nitrate-N, and ammonia-N. The FTWs were each planted with wetland plants Juncus effusus, Eleocharis acicularis, and Glyceria canadensis. A paired controlled TP budget was prepared to identify mesocosm sources and sinks. Mesocosm FTWs showed higher PO4-P reduction efficiencies than the control mesocosms. Mesocosms with FTWs had significantly lower pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. Water quality measurements were made along with qualitative observations, such as durability, at two different field scales where FTWs were installed in a pond and lake in 2016. Field deployed FTWs showed measurable changes in several water quality parameters over the study period. Statistically significant reductions were observed in PO4-P, DO, and pH for the pond site but not at the lake site. Though positive results were observed, factors other than FTWs may better explain the field deployed FTW results. Overall, the high FTW spatial coverage (15%) in the mesocosms showed clear PO4-P removal, whereas low FTW spatial coverage (<1%) of the field scale surface water was likely the most limiting factor to achieving optimal water quality at the study sites and rather than individual FTW performance.

Environmentally Enhanced Turbines for Hydropower Plants: Current Technology and Future Perspective

Environmentally enhanced turbines (EETs) have gained attention in the past two decades in order to reduce environmental impacts of hydropower plants on fish communities and on water quality. In this mini-review the main EETs are discussed, focusing on the Alden and Minimum Gap Runner turbines to reduce fish injury and on self-aerating and self/free-lubricant turbines to improve water quality. The review shows that EETs can be efficiently adopted instead of traditional turbines: EETs are cost-effective, efficient in terms of energy generation and have shown to reduce environmental impacts. Scientific gaps are also highlighted and case studies reported to better support refurbishment and new projects.

The Effectiveness of Seaweeds as Biofilter for Reducing Wastewater Nutrient and Preventing Water Pollution from Hybrid Grouper Culture

Highlight ResearchWastewater in hybrid grouper culture should be maintain before resirculate and dispose to aquatic environment to avoid eutrophication.Seaweed that is used for biofilter must be observed for its suitability, performance and effectivity.Ulva sp. has the best effectiveness to reduce nutrient in wastewater of hybrid grouper aquaculture by absorbing then stored into thallus.Ulva sp. is proven has the best SGR and adaptability in wastewater of hybrid grouper culture.AbstractWastewater generated from hybrid grouper culture needs to be managed to improve water quality before being recirculated, or discharged in the aquatic environment. Seaweed biofilter has been proposed in wastewater treatment technology for marine fish farming. This study aimed at comparing which of these species i.e. Ulva sp., Sargassum sp., Gelidium sp., and Dictyota sp. work best to absorb nutrient wastewater hybrid grouper culture. This research utilized these seaweed as treatments and controls with three replications using Completely Randomized Design. A statistical analysis was conducted to investigate the significant differences in the nutrient absorptions among various seaweed species by using ANOVA and least significant difference. Non-parametric tests namely Kruskal-Walis, Mann-Whitney, and t-test were used with confidence interval of 95%. The results revealed that Ulva sp. has the best ability to reduce the Nitrogen 80%, while Dictyota able to reduce Phosphor 88% by Dictyota sp. generated from wastewater of hybrid grouper culture. While the highest absorbtion of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (104%) and phosphate (182%) that stored in thallus were performed by Ulva sp. Ulva sp. had the best performance and highest growth rate (1.9% d-1) as biofilter in hybrid grouper cultivation than other species.