Changes in metabolite profiles in Norway spruce shoot tips during short-day induced winter bud development and long-day induced bud flush

Metabolomics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 842-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon Kyeong Lee ◽  
Danny Alexander ◽  
Jacob Wulff ◽  
Jorunn Elisabeth Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Metabolite Profiles

scholarly journals Selection of Day-neutral, Heat-delay-insensitive Dendranthem×grandiflora Genotypes

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 710-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil O. Anderson ◽  
Peter D. Ascher
Keyword(s):  
Red Light ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Axillary Branching ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
Flower Bud Development

Commercial garden and greenhouse chrysanthemums [Dendranthema ×grandiflora (Ramat.) Kitam. (syn. Chrysanthemum xmorifolium Ramat.)] are facultative short-day plants for flower bud initiation, obligate short-day plants for flower bud development, and are categorized into short-day response groups. Flower initiation can be delayed by high night temperatures. Recent research has identified true day-neutral genotypes. The purpose of this investigation was to test environments for selecting genotypes that are both day-neutral and heat-delay insensitive. One greenhouse and 18 garden genotypes were selected. A series of environments were used to select for day-neutral genotypes and then differentiate between these genotypes for heat delay insensitivity: short days, long days/red light, long days/far red light and high temperatures, and natural day lengths under field conditions. Day-neutral selections from these environments were then grown in a fifth environment of long days/continuous far red and red light with high temperature. Data were collected on the number of days to first and third flower, long day leaf number, stem length, number of strap-shaped leaves subtending the terminal flower, internode lengths, number of nodes with axillary branching, and flower bud development of the first to the sixth flowers. Genotypes required 3 to 8 weeks for complete flower bud initiation/development. Flowering responses in the first four environments were highly significant for both the first and third flowers. Genotypes ranged from obligate short-day to day-neutral for the first six flowers. Three day-neutral genotypes were selected that differed significantly for all traits in the fifth environment; flower bud development with the first six flowers occurred with only one genotype, 83-267-3. Broad sense heritability estimates ranged from h2 = 0.75 for number of nodes with axillary branching, h2 = 0.79 for long day leaf number and number of strap-shaped leaves, to h2 = 0.91 for stem length. An ideotype for day-neutral and heat-delay-insensitive garden chrysanthemums was developed for use in breeding programs.

Bud development in coastal Douglas-fir seedlings in response to different dormancy-induction treatments

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1280-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne E. MacDonald ◽  
John N. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Leaf Initiation ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Dormancy Induction ◽  
Short Days

Bud development in response to different dormancy-induction treatments in coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) seedlings was investigated under commercial greenhouse conditions. There were three treatments: short day without moisture stress, short day with moisture stress, and long day with moisture stress. Within the first week in the short day treatments, neoformed-leaf initiation ended and bud-scale initiation began and ended. Rapid leaf initiation began in week 1 and was completed by week 5 for the short day with moisture stress treatment and week 6 for the short day without moisture stress treatment. Slow leaf initiation was completed by week 13. Crown cells became apparent within the pith during weeks 3–6; cell walls thickened between weeks 8 and 13. Within the first week of the long day with moisture stress treatment, neoformed-leaf initiation ended and bud-scale initiation began. Bud-scale initiation ended by week 3 or 4. Then slow leaf initiation began and continued until week 6. Rate of leaf initiation was rapid during weeks 8–10 and decreased slightly during weeks 10–13. By week 13, apical height had decreased markedly, indicating an imminent end to leaf initiation. Crown cells became apparent within the pith during weeks 5–13; cell walls thickened between weeks 10 and 13. Key words: bud development, dormancy induction, short days, moisture stress, Douglas-fir, seedlings.

Effects of elevated CO2 on time of flowering in four short-day and four long-day species

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. C. Reekie ◽  
P. R. Hicklenton ◽  
E. G. Reekie
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Pharbitis Nil ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Bud Initiation

This study was undertaken to determine if the effect of elevated CO2 on flowering phenology is a function of the photoperiodic response of the species involved. Four long-day plants, Achillea millefolium, Callistephus chinensis, Campanula isophylla, and Trachelium caeruleum, and four short-day plants, Dendranthema grandiflora, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, Pharbitis nil, and Xanthium pensylvanicum, were grown under inductive photoperiods (9 h for short day and 17 h for long day) at either 350 or 1000 μL/L CO2. Time of visible flower bud formation, flower opening, and final plant biomass were assessed. Elevated CO2 advanced flower opening in all four long-day species and delayed flowering in all four short-day species. In the long-day species, the effect of CO2 was primarily on bud initiation; all four species formed buds earlier at high CO2. Bud development, the difference in time between flower opening and bud initiation, was advanced in only one long-day species, Callistephus chinensis. Mixed results were obtained for the short-day species. Elevated CO2 exerted no effects on bud initiation but delayed bud development in Dendranthema and Kalanchoe. In Xanthium, bud initiation rather than bud development was delayed. Data on bud initiation and development were not obtained for Pharbitis. The negative effect of CO2 upon phenology in the short-day species was not associated with negative effects on growth. Elevated CO2 increased plant size in both long-day and short-day species. Key words: phenology, bud initiation, flower opening, size at flowering, photoperiodism.

Control of torpor and body weight patterns by a seasonal timer in Siberian hamsters

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (1) ◽  
pp. R142-R149 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Bartness ◽  
J. A. Elliott ◽  
B. D. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Implant Removal ◽  
Daily Torpor ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Siberian Hamsters ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Preparatory Phase ◽  
Pelage Color ◽  
Seasonal Responses

Two experiments were designed to assess whether the short-day-induced patterns of shallow daily torpor, body weight, and other seasonal responses (food intake and pelage pigmentation) exhibited by Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus sungorus) are under the control of a "seasonal timekeeping mechanism" that is independent of reproductive status [testosterone, (T)]. We examined whether the patterning and expression of these seasonal responses were altered by decreases in serum T that accompany gonadal regression during the first 8 wk of short-day exposure (i.e., the "preparatory phase" of the torpor season) or by experimental increases in serum T after this phase. Short-day-housed, castrated hamsters bearing T implants had long-day levels of the hormone and did not exhibit torpor. Appropriate seasonal patterns and levels of torpor, body weight, pelage color stage, and food intake were exhibited after T implant removal although serum T was clamped to long-day levels during the preparatory phase. In animals that were gonad intact during the preparatory phase and were subsequently castrated and given T implants, torpor did not occur as long as the implants were in place. However, the patterns and levels of daily torpor, food intake, and body weight rapidly returned to appropriate seasonal values compared with the castrated, blank-implanted controls on T implant removal; these effects occurred whether the T implants were removed when torpor frequency was increasing, at its peak, or decreasing across the torpor season. T did not affect pelage color stage under any condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cessation of Long Day Melatonin Rhythms Time Puberty in a Short Day Breeder*

Endocrinology ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 1636-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS L. FOSTER ◽  
FRANCIS J. P. EBLING ◽  
LEE E. CLAYPOOL ◽  
CELIA J. I. WOODFILL
Keyword(s):  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day

Transcriptomic analysis of Allium sativum uncovers putative genes involved in photoperiodic pathway and hormone signaling under long day and short day conditions

Plant Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 111095
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jawaad Atif ◽  
Bakht Amin ◽  
Muhammad Imran Ghani ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Somia Khursheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day

Relations between cytokinin level, bud development and apical control in Norway spruce, Picea abies

1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Bollmark ◽  
Hao-Jie Chen ◽  
Thomas Moritz ◽  
Lennart Eliasson
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Cytokinin Level ◽  
Apical Control

scholarly journals Agronomic Performance and Flowering Behavior in Response to Photoperiod and Vernalization in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes with Contrasting Drought Tolerance Behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Abu-Elenein ◽  
Rabea Al-Sayaydeh ◽  
Zahera Akkeh ◽  
Zakaria Al-Ajlouni ◽  
AbdRaheem A. Al-Bawalize ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Abstract Background In barley, flowering behavior is a highly regulated and complex process where the appropriate matching of reproductive development with seasonal variation in water availability confer barley adaptation to different environments. In this study, the role of variation in flowering time and drought tolerance in four selected barley genotypes was studied under field and controlled conditions. For this purpose, field trials were conducted for two consecutive seasons at three diverse environments where the studied genotypes were subjected to either rainfed conditions or rainfed plus supplementary irrigation under two different sowing dates. Furthermore, reproductive meristem development in two selected barley genotypes, Rum (drought tolerant) and Steptoe (drought-sensitive) was also assessed in response to both vernalization and water stress under two different photoperiod conditions.Results Variation in the number of days to heading was more pronounced under rainfed conditions than under well water conditions. For agronomic performance, Rum was superior under all tested environments, which assure its general adaptability to multiple environments, while Steptoe was the poorest. The transition to reproductive meristem was faster under vernalized long-day conditions as compared to vernalized short-day conditions. The progress of shoot apical meristem development and heading under long-day conditions was significantly faster in Rum than that of Steptoe. A clear effect of drought stress was observed on shoot apical meristem development in Steptoe. Under short-day conditions, vernalized Rum plants subjected to water deficit showed an advanced meristem development stage a significant earlier HD when compared with non-stressed plants. This early flowering behavior in stressed Rum plants under short-day conditions was accompanied by higher gene expression of the Vrn-H1 gene. Conclusion In conclusion, the integration of vernalization and photoperiod signals in drought-tolerant barley genotypes is associated with early flowering behavior and higher productivity in dry environments.

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