Functional soil organic matter fraction in response to short-term tillage management under the double-cropping rice paddy field in southern of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiming Tang ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Lihong Shi ◽  
Li Wen ◽  
Kaikai Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rice Paddy Field ◽  
Double Cropping

Functional soil organic matter fractions in response to long-term fertilizer management in a double-cropping paddy field of southern China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Haiming Tang ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Lihong Shi ◽  
Li Wen ◽  
Kaikai Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
Rice Paddy Field ◽  
Double Cropping

Abstract Soil organic matter (SOM) and its fractions play an important role in maintaining or improving soil quality and soil fertility. Therefore, the effects of a 34-year long-term fertilizer regime on six functional SOM fractions under a double-cropping rice paddy field of southern China were studied in the current paper. The field experiment included four different fertilizer treatments: chemical fertilizer alone (MF), rice straw residue and chemical fertilizer (RF), 30% organic manure and 70% chemical fertilizer (OM) and without fertilizer input as control (CK). The results showed that coarse unprotected particulate organic matter (cPOM), biochemically, physically–biochemically and chemically protected silt-sized fractions (NH-dSilt, NH-μSilt and H-dSilt) were the main carbon (C) storage fractions under long-term fertilization conditions, accounting for 16.7–26.5, 31.1–35.6, 16.2–17.3 and 7.5–8.2% of the total soil organic carbon (SOC) content in paddy soil, respectively. Compared with control, OM treatment increased the SOC content in the cPOM, fine unprotected POM fraction, pure physically protected fraction and physico-chemically protected fractions by 58.9, 106.7, 117.6 and 28.3%, respectively. The largest proportion of SOC to total SOC in the different fractions was biochemically protected, followed by chemically and unprotected, and physically protected were the smallest. These results suggested that a physical protection mechanism plays an important role in stabilizing C of paddy soil. In summary, the results showed that higher functional SOM fractions and physical protection mechanism play an important role in SOM cycling in terms of C sequestration under the double-cropping rice paddy field.

scholarly journals Effects of Soil Organic Matter Contents, Paddy Types and Agricultural Climatic Zone on CH4Emissions from Rice Paddy Field

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 887-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jee-Yeon Ko ◽  
Jae-Saeng Lee ◽  
Koan-Sik Woo ◽  
Seok-Bo Song ◽  
Jong-Rae Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Climatic Zone ◽  
Rice Paddy Field

scholarly journals Effect of different long-term fertilizer managements on soil nitrogen fixing bacteria community in a double-cropping rice paddy field of southern China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256754
Author(s):  
Haiming Tang ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Lihong Shi ◽  
Xiaoping Xiao ◽  
Kaikai Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Soil Microorganism ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Rice Paddy Field ◽  
Double Cropping

Soil microorganism plays an important role in nitrogen (N) fixation process of paddy field, but the related information about how soil microorganism that drive N fixation process response to change of soil phy-chemical characteristics under the double-cropping rice (Oryza sativa L.) paddy field in southern of China is need to further study. Therefore, the impacts of 34-years different long-term fertilization system on soil N-fixing bacteria community under the double-cropping rice paddy field in southern of China were investigated by taken chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) method in this paper. The field experiment were set up four different fertilizer treatments: chemical fertilizer alone (MF), rice straw and chemical fertilizer (RF), 30% organic manure and 70% chemical fertilizer (OM), and unfertilized as a control (CK). This results showed that compared with CK treatment, the diversity index of cbbLR and nifH genes with OM and RF treatments were significantly increased (p<0.05), respectively. Meanwhile, the abundance of cbbLR gene with OM, RF and MF treatments were increased by 23.94, 12.19 and 6.70×107 copies g-1 compared to CK treatment, respectively. Compared with CK treatment, the abundance of nifH gene with OM, RF and MF treatments were increased by 23.90, 8.82 and 5.40×109 copies g-1, respectively. This results indicated that compared with CK treatment, the soil autotrophic azotobacter and nitrogenase activities with OM and RF treatments were also significantly increased (p<0.05), respectively. There were an obvious difference in features of soil N-fixing bacteria community between application of inorganic fertilizer and organic manure treatments. Therefore, this results demonstrated that abundance of soil N-fixing bacteria community in the double-cropping rice paddy field were increased by long-term applied with organic manure and crop residue managements.

Influence of tillage practice on major pathways of CH4 emission in rice paddy field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiyori Namie ◽  
kasane Shimada ◽  
Shuang shuang Zhao ◽  
Munehide Ishiguro ◽  
Ryusuke Hatanano
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Rice Paddy Field ◽  
Intermittent Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Drainage

&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;Generally, during the paddy rice cultivation period, CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; produced in the soil is reported to be released to the atmosphere through three pathways: diffusion (&lt;1%), bubbles (&lt;10%), and via rice (&gt; 90%). However, there are few studies have measured gas diffusion coefficient for soil below surface of the water, and there is no study has provided an accurate understanding of CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; dynamics in paddy fields. Furthermore, there are few studies that understanding the CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; dynamics in fertilizer-free and pesticide-free paddy fields, which is mainly controlled by inter-tillage practices. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the effects of tillage and the number of inter-tillage and the presence or absence of fertilizer and pesticide on the CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; dynamics in rice paddy soil. This study compared three types of CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; flux, which were total CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; flux from rice paddy field measured by transparent chamber with plants, and soil derived CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; flux measured by dark chamber without plants, and gas diffusion flux calculated as a product of the gas diffusion coefficient and measured soil gas concentration gradient at the depths of 0-5 and 5-10cm. And they were compared with in the five rice cultivation periods (flooding, mid-drying, intermittent irrigation, drainage, and fallowing) and in the four treatment plots (conventional farming (CF), and fertilizer- and pesticide-free farming with zero-inter-tillage(T0), two-inter-tillage(T2), and five-inter-tillage (T5)). The CF was conducted according to the regional recommendation for tillage, fertilization and pest and weed control. The results showed that the peak of total CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; flux was observed in the mid-drying and intermittent irrigation periods in all treatments, and that the CH&lt;sub&gt;4 &lt;/sub&gt;flux via rice plant accounted for 60-90% of the total CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; flux. The CF showed significantly highest CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emission during the periods, and the increase of the number of inter-tillage tended to increase the CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emission. In the drainage period, the CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; flux by bubbles in the CF and T5 accounted for more than 80% of the total CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; flux. In the fallowing period, the diffusion CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; flux at the depth of 5-10cm increased in all treatments, but the low total CH&lt;sub&gt;4 &lt;/sub&gt;emission and increased CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emission. This study revealed that incorporation of organic matter into soil in conventional rice farming tended to increase CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emission. The main pathway of CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; emission from rice paddy field was via rice, and it was influenced by tillage significantly. The decomposition of organic matter from rice straw and weeds incorporated into soil was the source of the bubble of CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;. Furthermore, it seemed that the most of diffusively transferred CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; was easily oxidized to CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

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