Correction to: Correlation between polio immunization coverage and overall morbidity and mortality for COVID-19: an epidemiological study

AbstractWe conducted the current analysis to determine the potential role of polio vaccination in the context of the spread of COVID-19. Data were extracted from the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Global Health Observatory data repository regarding the polio immunization coverage estimates and correlated to the overall morbidity and mortality for COVID-19 among different countries. Data were analyzed using R software version 4.0.2. Mean and standard deviation were used to represent continuous variables while we used frequencies and percentages to represent categorical variables. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for continuous variables since they were not normally distributed. Moreover, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (rho) was used to determine the relationship between different variables. There was a significantly positive correlation between the vaccine coverage (%) and both of total cases per one million populations (rho = 0.37; p-value < 0.001) and deaths per one million populations (rho = 0.30; p-value < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant correlation between different income groups and each of vaccine coverage (%) (rho = 0.71; p-value < 0.001), total cases per one million populations (rho = 0.50; p-value < 0.001), and deaths per one million populations (rho = 0.39; p-value < 0.001). All claims regarding the possible protective effect of Polio vaccination do not have any support when analyzing the related data. Polio vaccination efforts should be limited to eradicate the disease from endemic countries; however, there is no evidence to support the immunization with live-attenuated vaccines for the protection against COVID-19.

Download Full-text

Ensuring sustainability of polio immunization in health system transition: lessons from the polio eradication initiative in Indonesia

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11642-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Luthfi Azizatunnisa’ ◽

Utsamani Cintyamena ◽

Yodi Mahendradhata ◽

Riris Andono Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Health System ◽

National Level ◽

Immunization Coverage ◽

Polio Eradication ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Frontline Workers ◽

Government Organizations ◽

Raising Awareness ◽

Polio Immunization ◽

The Government

Abstract Background Sustaining an effective evidence-based health intervention will maximize its impact on public health. Political and governmental reforms impacted on immunization program sustainability both positively and negatively. This study aims to explore the sustainability of polio immunization in a decentralized health system taking lessons learned from a polio eradication initiative in Indonesia. Methods We collected qualitative data through in-depth interviews with 27 key informants from various backgrounds at district, provincial, and national levels, consisting of frontline workers, managers, and Non-government Organizations (NGOs). We conducted thematic analysis and triangulated using document reviews. We also conducted member checking and peer debriefing to ensure trustworthiness. Results Competing priority was identified as the significant challenge to sustain government commitment for polio immunization and AFP surveillance during the transition toward a decentralized health system. Variation of local government capacities has also affected immunization delivery and commitment at the sub-national level government. The government reform has led to a more democratic society, facilitating vaccine rejection and hesitancy. The multi-sector partnership played a significant role in maintaining polio immunization coverage. Strong and continuous advocacy and campaign were essential to raising awareness of the community and policymakers to keep polio in the agenda and to maintain the high polio immunization coverage. Conclusion Competing priority was the major factor affecting high polio immunization coverage during the decentralization transition. Strong advocacy is needed at every level, from district to national level, to keep polio immunization prioritized.

Download Full-text

Burn Patients at Western Regional Hospital of Nepal: An Epidemiological Study

Medical Journal of Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/mjpahs.v3i1.31916 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 225-228

Author(s):

Amar Gurung ◽

Dilip Baral ◽

Narendra Vikram Gurung ◽

Arjun Acharya ◽

Suresh Raj Poudel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hospital Stay ◽

Epidemiological Study ◽

Burn Injury ◽

Total Body Surface Area ◽

Total Duration ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

High Rate ◽

Burn Patients ◽

Prolonged Hospital ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Background: Burn injury is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in our country. Study of epidemiological characteristics of burn injury helps in planning of the prevention and upgradation of its treatment facility. Material and Methods: This is a hospital based retrospective epidemiological study of the burn patients admitted in our center from September 2018 to April 2019. Results: In total 52 patients were included in this study. There was a slight preponderance of female patients over male patients. Mean age of the patients was 34.77± 29.16 years. Eighty percentage of burn injury occurred inside house. Majority of burn cases were scald burn followed by flame burn. Percentage total body surface area involved in burn had a mean of 14.183 ± 8.224. Lower extremity was the most commonly involved area. Total duration of hospital stay was 18.21 ± 13.656 days. Out of total patients only four patients needed admission in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Regarding outcome, 88.5% patients survived while 9.6% patients died and 1.9% patient went on discharge on request. Conclusion: Burn injury is a preventable condition with high rate of morbidity and mortality. Burn patients have prolonged hospital stay as recovery is slow. Awareness programs for prevention of burn injury are needed to decrease the incidence of the burn injury.

Download Full-text

Epidemiological study of insular glioma – an institutional experience

Romanian Neurosurgery ◽

10.1515/romneu-2017-0014 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 90-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kumar Praveen ◽

Aggrawal Manish ◽

Sinha Virendra Deo ◽

Bhandari Anu

Keyword(s):

Epidemiological Study ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Intraoperative Neuromonitoring ◽

Age At Diagnosis ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Who Grade ◽

Common Grade ◽

Institutional Experience ◽

Microsurgical Techniques ◽

Male Patients

Abstract Object: Insular gliomas are difficult and challenging tumors to operate and manage due to the inherent complexity and the adjacent vital structures around them. Our aim is to define the morbidity profile and the mortality associated with the maximum possible safe resection of these less common tumors. Methods: The study was conducted on patients who were diagnosed as insular gliomas on MRI. All grades of patients treated by microsurgical techniques at our center from 2010 to 2016 were included in the study. Results: Median age at diagnosis was 39.52 years, Mean KPS score was 92. Male patients constituted 23 of all patients. 68% patients had right sided tumors. WHO grade 2 was most common grade and constituted 64% of all cases. One patient developed expressive aphasia and five patients developed hemiparesis. There was one mortality due to unrelated causes. Conclusion: With the use of meticulous microneurosurgical technique, safe yet aggressive resection of the insular gliomas can be accomplished with comparable morbidity and mortality rates even when the modern neurosurgical tool such as intraoperative neuromonitoring and neuronavigation systems are unavailable.

Download Full-text

Absence of poliovirus in apparently healthy school children in Bauchi state, Nigeria

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.7602 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (08) ◽

pp. 824-828 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Idris Abdullahi Nasir ◽

Muhammad Sagir Shehu ◽

Yunusa Thairu

Keyword(s):

Cell Lines ◽

Immunization Coverage ◽

Female Child ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

B Virus ◽

Coxsackie B Virus ◽

Polio Immunization ◽

Coxsackie B ◽

Apparently Healthy

Introduction: Poliovirus infections have been established to be in circulation in the remaining three polio-endemic nations. These pathogens have been associated with several chronic diseases, particularly acute flaccid paralysis of children. This study sought to ascertain whether polioviruses are silently shed by apparently healthy schoolchildren in Bauchi, Katagum, and Misau local government areas of Bauchi state, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional prospective study that involved 200 stool samples collected from apparently healthy schoolchildren. All samples were processed and inoculated onto rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) and L20B cell-lines. Inoculated cell lines were monitored for cytopathic effects (CPEs) for 10 days with one subculture after first 5 days. Results: None of the samples came down with CPEs on L20B, and thus all samples were negative for poliovirus; however, three were positive for non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) on RD and not on the L20B cell line: one coxsackie B virus from a seven-year-old male, and two others were untypeable isolates, one each from a male and a female child. The coxsackie B virus was identified by microneutralization test using polyclonal sera as described by the World Health Organization. Conclusions: Findings from this investigation indicate the absence of polioviruses in the children studied. This is an indication of good polio immunization coverage in these communities. However, more intensive and periodic surveillance is required to confirm the presence or exclude the absence of polioviruses in these communities and other parts of Nigeria.

Download Full-text