scholarly journals Phosphorus removal in denitrifying woodchip bioreactors varies by wood type and water chemistry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Sanchez Bustamante-Bailon ◽  
Andrew Margenot ◽  
Richard A. C. Cooke ◽  
Laura E. Christianson
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Water Matrix ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
P Removal

AbstractDenitrifying woodchip bioreactors are a practical nitrogen (N) mitigation technology but evaluating the potential for bioreactor phosphorus (P) removal is highly relevant given that (1) agricultural runoff often contains N and P, (2) very low P concentrations cause eutrophication, and (3) there are few options for removing dissolved P once it is in runoff. A series of batch tests evaluated P removal by woodchips that naturally contained a range of metals known to sorb P and then three design and environmental factors (water matrix, particle size, initial dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) concentration). Woodchips with the highest aluminum and iron content provided the most dissolved P removal (13±2.5 mg DRP removed/kg woodchip). However, poplar woodchips, which had low metals content, provided the second highest removal (12±0.4 mg/kg) when they were tested with P-dosed river water which had a relatively complex water matrix. Chemical P sorption due to woodchip elements may be possible, but it is likely one of a variety of P removal mechanisms in real-world bioreactor settings. Scaling the results indicated bioreactors could remove 0.40 to 13 g DRP/ha. Woodchip bioreactor dissolved P removal will likely be small in magnitude, but any such contribution is an added-value benefit of this denitrifying technology.

scholarly journals Phosphorus Removal in Denitrifying Woodchip Bioreactors Varies by Wood Type and Water Chemistry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Sanchez Bustamante Bailon ◽  
Andrew Margenot ◽  
Richard A. C. Cooke ◽  
Laura Christianson
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Real World ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Water Matrix ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
P Removal

Abstract Denitrifying woodchip bioreactors are a practical nitrogen (N) mitigation technology but evaluating the potential for bioreactor phosphorus (P) removal is highly relevant given that: (1) agricultural runoff often contains N and P, (2) very low P concentrations cause eutrophication, and (3) there are few options for removing dissolved P once it is in runoff. A series of batch tests evaluated P removal by woodchips containing a range of metals known to sorb P and then four design and environmental factors (autoclaved woodchips, water matrix, particle size, initial DRP concentration). Woodchips with the highest aluminum and iron content provided the most dissolved P removal (13±2.5 mg DRP removed/kg woodchip). However, poplar woodchips, which had low metals content, provided the second highest removal (12±0.4 mg/kg) when they were tested with P-dosed river water which had a relatively complex water matrix. Chemical P sorption due to woodchip elements may be possible, but it is likely one of a variety of P removal mechanisms in real-world bioreactor settings. Scaling the results indicated bioreactors could remove 0.40 to 13 g DRP/ha. Woodchip bioreactor dissolved P removal will likely be small in magnitude, but any such contribution is an added-value benefit of this denitrifying technology.

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal process implemented in membrane bioreactors to improve phosphorous recovery and recycling

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lesjean ◽  
R. Gnirss ◽  
C. Adam ◽  
M. Kraume ◽  
F. Luck
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
P Limitation ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
P Content ◽  
On Line ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
P Removal

The enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process was adapted to membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology. One bench-scale plant (BSP, 200-250 L) and two pilot plants (PPs, 1,000-3,000 L each) were operated under several configurations, including pre-denitrification and post-denitrification without addition of carbon source, and two solid retention times (SRT) of 15 and 26 d. The trials showed that efficient Bio-P removal can be achieved with MBR systems, in both pre- and post-denitrification configurations. EBPR dynamics could be clearly demonstrated through batch-tests, on-line measurements, profile analyses, P-spiking trials, and mass balances. High P-removal performances were achieved even with high SRT of 26 d, as around 9 mgP/L could be reliably removed. After stabilisation, the sludge exhibited phosphorus contents of around 2.4%TS. When spiked with phosphorus (no P-limitation), P-content could increase up to 6%TS. The sludge is therefore well suited to agricultural reuse with important fertilising values. Theoretical calculations showed that increased sludge age should result in a greater P-content. This could not be clearly demonstrated by the trials. This effect should be all the more significant as the influent is low in suspended solids.

scholarly journals Impact of Filters to Reduce Phosphorus Losses: Field Observations and Modelling Tests in Tile-Drained Lowland Catchments

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2638
Author(s):  
Andreas Bauwe ◽  
Petra Kahle ◽  
Bernd Lennartz
Keyword(s):  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Filter Material ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Northeastern Germany ◽  
P Removal

In this study, we analyzed Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus (DRP) and Total Phosphorus (TP) concentration dynamics over two years in surface waters of five nested catchments in northeastern Germany. Based on this, we constructed a filter box filled with iron-coated sand for Phosphorus (P) removal at the edge of a tile-drained field. Results of the filter box experiment were used for a model scenario analysis aiming at evaluating the P removal potential at catchment scale. DRP and TP concentrations were generally low but they exceeded occasionally target values. Results of the filter box experiment indicated that 28% of the TP load could be retained but the DRP load reduction was negligible. We assume that DRP could not be reduced due to short residence times and high flow dynamics. Instead, particulate P fractions were probably retained mechanically by the filter material. The scenario analysis revealed that the P removal potential of such filters are highest in areas, in which tile drainage water is the dominant P source. At a larger spatial scale, in which other P (point) sources are likewise important, edge-of-field P filters can only be one part of an integrated catchment strategy involving a variety of measures to reduce P losses.

The use of macrophyte-based systems for phosphorus removal: an overview of 25 years of research and operational results in Florida

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. DeBusk ◽  
F.E. Dierberg ◽  
K.R. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Forested Wetlands ◽  
Eutrophic Lake ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operational Systems ◽  
P Removal ◽  
Floating Plant

Phosphorus (P) removal from wastewaters and surface runoff using macrophyte-based systems (MBS) has been a topic of great interest in Florida for over 25 years. During this period, P removal by both treatment wetlands and floating aquatic macrophyte systems has been evaluated from both a research and operational standpoint. Several factors have contributed to the increased focus on the use of MBS for P removal. First, there exist no conventional technologies that can cost-effectively achieve the low outflow P concentrations required to protect the integrity of Florida's relatively pristine surface waters. Second, because MBSs typically provide some water storage, they can accommodate the wide ranges of flows typical for runoff sources such as agricultural drainage waters. Finally, many regions in Florida have sufficient area for deployment of the relatively land-intensive MBS technologies. The first P removal work in Florida was initiated in the mid-1970s, and involved pilot-scale research on domestic wastewater treatment by natural wetlands. Parallel studies were performed with managed (periodically harvested) floating plant systems (i.e., Eichhornia crassipes) for tertiary treatment. Since that time, the range of operational systems that have been deployed include emergent macrophyte-based and forested wetlands, managed floating plant systems, and submerged macrophyte-based systems. Waters treated by MBS include domestic effluents, agricultural runoff and eutrophic lake waters. Phosphorus removal targets for MBS in Florida have been as low as 10 μg/L. In this paper, we summarize research and operational results for MBS in Florida over the past 25 years.

Biological nutrient removal in membrane bioreactors: denitrification and phosphorus removal kinetics

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Parco ◽  
G. du Toit ◽  
M. Wentzel ◽  
G. Ekama
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Mixed Liquor ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Substrate Concentrations ◽  
P Removal

The impact of including membranes for solid liquid separation on the kinetics of nitrogen and phosphorus removal was investigated. To achieve this, a membrane bioreactor (MBR) biological nutrient removal (BNR) activated sludge system was operated. From batch tests on mixed liquor drawn from the MBR BNR system, denitrification and phosphorus removal rates were delineated. Additionally the influence of the high total suspended solids concentrations present in the MBR BNR system and of the limitation of substrate concentrations on the kinetics was investigated. Moreover the ability of activated sludge in this kind of system to denitrify under anoxic conditions with simultaneous phosphate uptake was verified and quantified. The denitrification rates obtained for different mixed liquor (ML) concentrations indicate no effect of ML concentration on the specific denitrification rate. The denitrification took place at a single specific rate (K2) with respect to the ordinary heterotrophic organisms (OHOs, i.e. non-PAOs) active mass. Similarly, results have been obtained for the P removal process kinetics: no differences in specific rates were observed for different ML or substrate concentrations. From the P removal batch tests results it seems that the biological phosphorus removal population (PAO) consists of 2 different sets of organisms denitrifying PAO and aerobic PAO.

Denitrification kinetics in biological N and P removal activated sludge systems treating municipal wastewaters

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Ekama ◽  
Mark C. Wentzel
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
P Release ◽  
Denitrification Kinetics ◽  
Nd Systems ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems ◽  
P Removal

The denitrification kinetics at 12, 20 and 30°C in nitrification denitrification biological excess phosphorus removal (NDBEPR) systems were delineated in batch tests on sludge harvested from laboratory scale M/UCT systems. In some investigations, it was found that the P release and uptake were confined exclusively (>95%) to the anaerobic and aerobic reactors respectively and the observed P removal conformed to the BEPR model of Wentzel et al. In these investigations, due to an absence of anoxic P uptake (substantiated by PHB measurements), it could be inferred that the phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) did not significantly contribute to the denitrification. The ordinary heterotrophic organism (OHO) and PAO groups were separated with the aid of the BEPR model of Wentzel et al. Ascribing the denitrification to the OHO group performing this process, the specific rates of denitrification associated with the utilization of slowly biodegradable COD (SBCOD) in the primary (K′2) and secondary (K′3) anoxic reactors were calculated and compared with the rates in ND systems (K2 and K3). In other investigations it was found that P release and uptake were not confined exclusively to the anaerobic and aerobic reactors respectively and the observed P removal was only about 60% of that expected from the BEPR model of Wentzel et al. In these investigations significant P uptake under anoxic conditions was observed so the PAOs may have been involved with the denitrification. However, the denitrification rates were calculated as before by attributing it exclusively to the OHOs. Widely varying K'2 rates were observed at 20°C, ranging from 0.071 to 0.335 mgNO3-N/(mgAHVSS.d). The variation in K' rate is mainly due to widely varying OHO active fraction estimates for NDBEPR systems.

Effect of Intracellular Carbon Resource on Competition between PAOs and GAOs for Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 1007-1010
Author(s):  
Xiao Rong Kang ◽  
Ya Li Liu
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Uptake Process ◽  
Carbon Resource ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
P Removal

Batch tests were conducted to study the effect of internal carbon resource on the competition between phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen accumulating organism (GAOs) for simultaneous N and P removal. The result showed that the average P removal rate of PAOs was above 98.5%. Both PAOs and GAOs enriched sludge released P effectively on the anaerobic phase, and about 20 mg/L P was released. In the anoxic-P uptake process, 2.24 mmol/g-MLVSS and 2.44 mmol/g-MLVSS of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) were consumed by PAOs enriched sludge and GAOs enriched sludge, respectively. Simultaneously, the glycogen concentration of GAOs enriched sludge was higher than that of PAOs enriched sludge during the anoxic process, on the contrast, more glycogen was synthesized in PAOs enriched sludge than GAOs enriched sludge, and 0.95 mmol/g-MLVSS glycogen was synthesized in PAOs enriched sludge.

Full Scale Investigations on Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal – P-Release in the Anaerobic Reactor

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wedi ◽  
P. A. Wilderer
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor ◽  
P Release ◽  
Acinetobacter Sp ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
P Removal

Most of the fundamental processes responsible for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) were obtained through laboratory tests under defined conditions with pure or enriched cultures. Acinetobacter sp. was identified as the most important group of bacteria responsible for bio-P removal. Full scale data showed, however, that laboratory results do not match full scale results well enough. There is a lack of data on the effects of sub-optimal process conditions such as inadequate availability of volatile fatty acids (VFA), high nitrate recycle, storm water inflow or low temperatures. In this paper the results of full scale experiments on P-release are presented and compared with theoretical values. Measurements at a full scale Phoredox-system showed a surprisingly low P-release in the anaerobic reactor. Only 4 to 10% of the phosphorus in the activated sludge was released in the bulk liquid. With laboratory batch-tests, a maximum of 20% of the P in the sludge could be released. It is assumed that under the prevailing process conditions either the fraction of Acinetobacter sp. was very small, or bacteria other than Acinetobacter sp. were responsible for the P-removal, or most of the phosphorus was bound chemically but mediated by biological processes.

A Parametric Model for Biological Excess Phosphorus Removal

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
I P Siebritz ◽  
G A Ekama ◽  
G v R Marais
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Parametric Model ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor ◽  
New Process ◽  
Fractional Mass ◽  
Activated Sludge Processes ◽  
P Removal

Biological excess phosphorus removal in nitrification-denitrification single sludge activated sludge processes is shown to be stimulated by having a concentration of rapidly biodegradable COD (Sbsa) ≧25 mg/ℓ in the anaerobic reactor; the magnitude of the P removal is determined by a P removal propensity factor (Pf) defined by the product of (Sbsa−25) and the fractional mass of sludge in the anaerobic reactor. Sbsa is rapidly depleted by nitrate entering the anaerobic reactor; in the Phoredox process treating municipal waste flows if the TKN/COD ratio of the influent is greater than about 0,08 mgN/mgCOD the process, if designed to ensure efficient nitrification, is unlikely to remove all the nitrate and nitrate is recycled to the anaerobic reactor whereupon P removal declines. A new process is proposed that protects the anaerobic reactor from the nitrate in the effluent; tests indicate that this process can give excess P removal for TKN/COD ratios up to 0,14 mgN/mgCOD.

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