scholarly journals Reverse-correlation reveals internal error-corrections during information-seeking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenz Weise ◽  
Saskia D. Forster ◽  
Siegfried Gauggel
Keyword(s):  
Information Seeking ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Reverse Correlation ◽  
Stimulus Information ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Error Corrections ◽  
Confidence Assessment ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Decision Weights ◽  
Internal Error

AbstractIn the area of metacognition research, different methods have been used to study participants’ subjective sense of confidence in their choices. Among the most often used methods are explicit reports of subjective confidence, post-decision wagering and measuring additional info-seeking behavior. While all three methods are thought to measure confidence, they differ greatly in terms of practical execution and theoretical foundation. The method of reverse correlation has previously been used to determine which aspects of the stimulus influence decisions and confidence judgments. Here we compare the three methods of confidence assessment using reverse correlation analysis. Explicit reports and post-decision wagering revealed a positive association of stimulus information with choices and reduced decision weights for low-confidence trials. When confidence was assessed using the info-seeking method, low-confidence trials showed an inverted association with primary stimulus information. Using modelling of the behavioral data, we show how the reverse correlation results of all three methods can be explained by a simple model of confidence when internal error-corrections are allowed during seeking of additional information.

In the weeds: distinguishing organic farmers who want information about ecological weed management from those who need it

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 460-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug Bessette ◽  
Sarah Zwickle ◽  
Robyn Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Organic Community ◽  
Ecological Weed Management ◽  
University Scientists

AbstractThe benefits of farming organically in the USA are increasingly known; however, organic farmers also encounter considerable risks, especially from weeds. Without herbicides, organic farmers can rely only on crop rotations, mechanical cultivation, manual weeding, beneficial insects and other cultural practices, termed ecological weed management (EWM), to control weeds. Despite promising results and the many ways in which EWM can be employed, it remains poorly adopted by the organic community. Organic farmers resist research and recommendations from University scientists and Extension, instead preferring to rely on local family and friends and their own experience to guide decisions. Here we investigate factors that may lead organic farmers to recognize that they need additional information about EWM and to seek that information out. Using a national survey of organic farmers (n = 554) and a risk-information seeking and processing model, we show that farmers’ risk and benefit perceptions, worry, social norms encouraging seeking out information, and farmers’ own perceived knowledge gaps, particularly with respect to their most problematic weed, influence information-seeking behavior. Identifying characteristics that may distinguish those organic farmers who need and want additional information, we provide recommendations to Extension and University scientists about how best to communicate, build trust and provide decision support to the organic community with respect to EWM.

scholarly journals Dogmatism manifests in lowered information search under uncertainty

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (49) ◽  
pp. 31527-31534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lion Schulz ◽  
Max Rollwage ◽  
Raymond J. Dolan ◽  
Stephen M. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Information Search ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Decision Performance ◽  
New Information ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Performance Trial

When knowledge is scarce, it is adaptive to seek further information to resolve uncertainty and obtain a more accurate worldview. Biases in such information-seeking behavior can contribute to the maintenance of inaccurate views. Here, we investigate whether predispositions for uncertainty-guided information seeking relate to individual differences in dogmatism, a phenomenon linked to entrenched beliefs in political, scientific, and religious discourse. We addressed this question in a perceptual decision-making task, allowing us to rule out motivational factors and isolate the role of uncertainty. In two independent general population samples (n= 370 andn= 364), we show that more dogmatic participants are less likely to seek out new information to refine an initial perceptual decision, leading to a reduction in overall belief accuracy despite similar initial decision performance. Trial-by-trial modeling revealed that dogmatic participants placed less reliance on internal signals of uncertainty (confidence) to guide information search, rendering them less likely to seek additional information to update beliefs derived from weak or uncertain initial evidence. Together, our results highlight a cognitive mechanism that may contribute to the formation of dogmatic worldviews.

Future of academic libraries: Opportunities and Challenges

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raysh Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Academic Libraries ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Information Seeking Behavior ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Information Need ◽  
Digital Resources ◽  
Web Resources ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
High Bandwidth

Rapid advances in technological innovations, affordable high bandwidth networks, explosive growth of web resources,sophisticated search engines, ever growing digital resources and changing information seeking behavior of users are greatly transforming the future of academic libraries. The paper outlines the challenges which are very dominant and posing threat for the existence of academic libraries and suitable strategies requires to be made by the libraries and librarians to meet the expectations and information need of their existing and potential clienteles.

scholarly journals Cancer patients’ information seeking behavior related to online electronic healthcare records

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 146045822110247
Author(s):  
Hanife Rexhepi ◽  
Isto Huvila ◽  
Rose-Mharie Åhlfeldt ◽  
Åsa Cajander
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Information Seeking Behavior ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Information Horizons ◽  
Health Information Sources

Patients’ online access to their EHR together with the rapid proliferation of medical information on the Internet has changed how patients use information to learn about their health. Patients’ tendency to turn to the Internet to find information about their health and care is well-documented. However, little is known about patients’ information seeking behavior when using online EHRs. By using information horizons as an analytical tool this paper aims to investigate the information behavior of cancer patients who have chosen to view their EHRs (readers) and to those who have not made that option (non-readers). Thirty interviews were conducted with patients. Based on information horizons, it seems that non-reading is associated with living in a narrower information world in comparison to readers. The findings do not suggest that the smallness would be a result of active avoidance of information, or that it would be counterproductive for the patients. The findings suggest, however, that EHRs would benefit from comprehensive linking to authoritative health information sources to help users to understand their contents. In parallel, healthcare professionals should be more aware of their personal role as a key source of health information to those who choose not to read their EHRs.

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