CREATIVE WAY AND SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL OF HISTORIAN

Rec. on the book: Clio's sundial. Bachynska Olena Anatoliivna: materials for biobibliogr. Studies in honor of science. Head (on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of scientific activity and the anniversary of his birth.) / ONU named after II Mechnikov, Faculty of History and Philosophy, Dept. history of Ukraine; order .: OS Murashko, TS Kara, VM Poltorak; resp. ed. MO Podrezova; Science. ed .: TG Goncharuk, NM Dianova. - Odessa: Bondarenko MO, 2021. - 255 pp., 1 sheet. portrait, 4 sheets. il. - (Biobibliography of university scientists; issue: Historians).

The role of third mission orientation and motivational characteristics in young scientists’ entrepreneurial intention

This study examines the relationship between the individual motivational characteristics of young scientists (i.e. PhD students and post-docs) and their entrepreneurial intention, exploring also the mediating role of their third mission orientation. For this purpose, the authors considered the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship at the level of the individual and the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Having university scientists as the unit of analysis, they used structural equation modelling to survey a sample of 337 young scientists working in a major Italian university. The authors were able to empirically identify the importance of third mission orientation as a mediating variable between scientists’ motivational characteristics and their entrepreneurial intention. The entrepreneurial orientation is reinforced if scientists are also engaged in third mission activities. The findings offer valuable insights for policy makers and higher education managers to develop strategies that could enhance knowledge transfer activities and produce additional benefits for universities and societies.

Becoming an academic entrepreneur: how scientists develop an entrepreneurial identity

While academic entrepreneurship depends on the entrepreneurial behavior of university scientists, management studies show that identity development precedes behavioral enactment. This paper extends our understanding of why and how individuals who define themselves as a scientist develop or fail to develop a new commercialization-focused entrepreneurial identity. We develop an explanatory process model by drawing from the concept of liminality, a transitional state during which individuals construct or reconstruct an identity, as well as the entrepreneurship literature. The model not only provides a stylized illustration of identity development and its associated behavioral outcomes, but it also includes several factors such as agency and passion, liminal competence, social support, organizational and institutional support, and temporal factors that moderate the process. We contribute to the literature on entrepreneurial identity by providing a dynamic conceptualization of identity construction and incorporation, among other outcomes, as well as to the academic entrepreneurship literature by elucidating the origin and development of entrepreneurial identities among scientists. A conceptual focus on identity-related micro-processes may help explain why some scientists are more successful at commercializing technologies derived from their research than others. Implications for theory and future research are discussed.

Could the candidate causal gene (LZTFL1) identified by Oxford University scientists, which doubles the risk of COVID-19-related respiratory failure, be used to boost the Weak immunogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)???. A double edged sward

Patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have an increased risk of severe infections due to disease- and treatment-related immunodeficiency. As a result, patients with hematologic malignancies have been given priority for primary COVID-19 vaccination. Unfortunately, many studies have suggested that patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have been fully vaccinated can develop severe and often fatal complications. Therefore, adjuvants that can induce mRNA vaccine efficacy are desperately needed for this category of patients with haematological malignancies. A recent, study by Oxford University scientists showed that leucine zipper transcription factor-like 1(LZTFL1), as a candidate causal gene and its enhancer the rs17713054 A risk allele was significantly responsible for the twofold increased risk of respiratory failure from COVID-19 associated with 3p21.31.By using sequence analysis, the risk allele generates a second CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (CEBPB) motif in the enhancer. Moreover, neither LZTFL1 variants found in T cells nor B cells are responsible for increasing death risk from COVID-19 infection according to oxford study. Here, we propose attestable hypothesis that trans retinoic acid could enhance the immune response in vaccinated patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) according to the recent findings of Oxford scientists by inducing the casual gene(LZTFL1) in CD4 T cells and inhibiting (CEBPB) motif.

INNOVATIVE POTENTIAL, INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY OF UNIVERSITIES IN ENTREPRENEURIAL ECOSYSTEMS

The article is devoted to the problem of methods and means development of knowledge exchange management between universities and innovative firms in entrepreneurial ecosystems. It is noted that the indicators of attracting business funds for research and development in higher education in Ukraine, compared to other countries, indicate a dissonance in the economic and cognitive dimension between innovative entrepreneurship and research groups of universities. Our previous research shows that, unlike leading countries, the formation of entrepreneurial ecosystems in Ukraine should be not only about targeted support for high-growth firms, but also about ensuring effective bilateral knowledge exchange of universities with all interested firms and startups. The concept of absorptive capacity of individuals and organizations, the concept of innovation potential, intellectual capital, human capital and the relationship between them are considered. It is shown that the usefulness of the absorptive capacity concept is that it contributes to the formation of methods and means to increase the efficiency of knowledge exchange in entrepreneurial ecosystems with the participation of universities. It is substantiated that the university has a more complex range of absorptive abilities of employees than organizations with a strictly dominant type of activity and field of knowledge used. It is proved that the absorptive capacity of employees in universities should be considered in the dimensions of teaching, research and development, training and start-up innovative entrepreneurship, as well as taken into account the diversity of fields and types of knowledge used. Our addition to the concept of absorptive capacity with the thesis on the limitations of cognitive communication between persons with different cognitive orientations is original. One of the main difficulties in the knowledge exchange between university scientists and employees of companies is that they deal with different types of knowledge and carry out significantly different activities. In our previous studies, this was associated with cognitive gaps that occur when transferring the mental knowledge of subjects to material media in the form of information, and then - its awareness by individuals who have experience other than the authors. The phenomena that cause them are an important factor in the problems of cognitive exchange of university scientists with entrepreneurs. Based on the wide range of knowledge, activities and absorptive capacities of individuals and communities in university, it is proposed to differentiate between measures to ensure and stimulate educational, research and innovative entrepreneurial activities in order to adequately support them. In our opinion, the indicators that indirectly represent the realized absorptive capacity include those results that are traditional for the relevant categories of employees in universities. The absorptive capacity of teachers, in particular, is realized in the content of those courses that they personally form, while the main achievement of the researcher is new scientific or related knowledge. Criteria and indicators of the realized absorptive capacity can be specified, and it will be a subject of our further researches.

A Brief Look at Current Usda Work on Pests and Diseases

If a farmer has nematode problems or has too many weeds or fungal attacks a simple solution is to spread some mustard on them. Agricultural Research Service and university scientists are experimenting with mustards as an alternative to fighting crop pests chemically. The system biofumigates pests with stands of white mustard, brown mustard, and rapeseed.. Biofumigation refers to natural substances plants release while decomposing that make surrounding soils toxic to some weeds, nematodes, and fungi. The experiments, in Washington State, dovetail with increasing grower interest in mustard crops for pest control and as "green manure" meaning it can be disked into soil to improve tilth, organic matter, aeration, and water filtration. Despite such benefits, there is still much to learn about how mustards control pests and under what conditions they work best.

University Science and Education in the Context of Artificial Intelligence

Computerization, digitalization, and robotization are the bright signs of modern life. In this regard, a long-standing scientific problem of artificial intelligence has now acquired a new sound and a variety of applied aspects. The higher education system has also become involved in the information technology orbit. Using the example of Voronezh State University, two main areas of informatization and computerization are revealed: first, the scientific development of artificial intelligence problems by university scientists and the use of artificial intelligence technologies for research, and, second, training of modern specialists in the field of IT technologies in specialized faculties and the expansion of the digital competence among the graduates of other training areas and specialties. The article discusses the need for students’ comprehensive acquaintance with this area of modern scientific knowledge which includes the capabilities of artificial intelligence technologies and its limitations as well.

Partnership Dynamics in University-Community Engagement:

Cooperation and reciprocity between university actors and community research assistants through university-community engagement has the potential to lead to knowledge creation and improved research uptake.However, there is a paucity of research on the relational dynamics and operating processes in successful partnerships between multi-disciplinary university scientists and community research assistants. This study investigated the case of the Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa (Tiba) research team based at the University of KwaZulu-Natal to identify the attributes associated with constructing and sustaining transformative university-community engagement through multi-disciplinary research teams. Data was collected by means of participant observation, ethnographic conversation interviews, and in-depth interviews with key participants including co- --mmunity research assistants and university-based researchers. The results show that organisational structure and qualities, academic principles and social qualities underpin the success of multi-disciplinary research teams. Based on the findings, we assert that dialogic interaction, respect, ‘demystification of science’ and knowledge plurality facilitate relationships between researchers and community research assistants that can aid in framing sustainable university-community engagement as a way to work with the community rather than ways to work for it. Key words: university-community engagement, social attributes, partnership dynamics, multi-disciplinary research, community research assistants

Who Guides Vaccination in the Portuguese Press? An Analysis of Information Sources

Sources of information are a key part of the news process as it guides certain topics, influencing the media agenda. The goal of this study is to examine the most frequent voices on vaccines in the Portuguese press. A total of 300 news items were analysed via content analysis using as sources two newspapers from 2012 to 2017. Of all the articles, 97.7% included a source (n = 670). The most frequent were “governmental organisations”, “professional associations” and the “media”. Less frequent sources were “university scientists”, “governmental scientific bodies”, “consumer groups”, “doctors”, “scientific companies”, “NGOs” and “scientific journals”. Most articles used only non-scientific sources (n = 156). A total of 94 articles used both categories and 43 used exclusively scientific sources. Our findings support the assertion that media can be an instrument to disseminate information on vaccines. Nevertheless, despite being present in most articles, the number of sources per article was low, therefore not presenting a diversity of opinions and there was a lack of scientific voices, thus suggesting lower quality of the information being offered to the audience.

CHALLENGES OF KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE MANAGEMENT FOR UNIVERSITY SCIENTISTS IN ENTREPRENEURIAL ECOSYSTEM

The article is devoted to the issues of knowledge exchange management between university scientists and employees of small firms in entrepreneurial ecosystems. It is confirmed that in recent decades the role of the third component of the university's mission, which is associated with the exchange of knowledge, has increased, and this changes requirements for joint creation of a cognitive product with external stakeholders, including entrepreneurship.It has been shown that the challenges for university teachers in increasing knowledge exchange are related to strengthening the component of applied research and development related to specific business projects. As a part of the exchange of knowledge, university employees must not just transfer their work to entrepreneurship, but to achieve its assimilation by employees of companies. In the same way, university scientists are faced with the task of more meaningfully studying and processing knowledge on the subject of activities of companies. This approach to joint applied research and development is a challenge for teachers, who, in addition, within education must create a pedagogically developed content knowledge of the subjects, and within the scientific component of the university's mission – to perform basic research. It is shown that three types of knowledge that correspond to modern ideas about the mission of universities are related but different, which requires appropriate changes in their management.The problematic aspects of assimilation and dissemination of explicit and implicit or tacit knowledge within the joint groups of university scientists and employees of small firms are considered. It is substantiated that in the exchange of the results of cognition with the use of material carriers, what is transmitted loses the property of knowledge to be the justified belief, because it goes beyond the mental content of the author's mind. It is proved that on the way of knowledge exchange there are not only organizational and methodological barriers, but also cognitive-communicative gaps. It is established that the socialization and externalization of knowledge in management systems has a cognitive-communicative basis to fail the desired completeness. Cooperation of different activities and knowledge is potentially a means of non-standard and useful solutions in innovative entrepreneurship. But such cooperation and co-production of knowledge is a source for incompleteness of understanding the others, which counteracts the common achievements and requires the attention of managers.