scholarly journals Cross-scale trade-off analysis for sustainable development: linking future demand for animal source foods and ecosystem services provision to the SDGs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Kozicka ◽  
Sarah K. Jones ◽  
Elisabetta Gotor ◽  
Dolapo Enahoro
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Animal Source Foods ◽  
Animal Source ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Future Demand

AbstractDietary transition towards higher consumption of animal source foods (ASF) associated with higher incomes across low and middle-income countries could have negative impacts on environmental systems and their potential in the long run to provide services necessary for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this article, we integrate economic, land use allocation, and biophysical models to investigate trade-offs between the five ecosystem services and their contributions to various SDGs associated with agricultural expansion to meet future demand for ASF, using Tanzania as a case study. Our results show that under the scenario of sustainable socio-economic development, between 2010 and 2030 in Tanzania, per capita income grows by 169% and the share of population at risk of hunger declines from 34.8% to 23%. These changes can be associated on a macro-level with positive contributions to achievement of SDG 1 (No Poverty) and SDG 2 (Zero Hunger). To satisfy feed demand for increased livestock production domestically, an increase by 21.4% of biomass production as compared to 2010 is needed. Analysis of alternative scenarios for meeting this new demand shows potential threats on a landscape level to achieving numerous SDGs and more generally to attaining sustainable food systems. Ecosystem-based contributions primarily decline to SDGs: SDG 3 (Health), SDG 6 (Clean Water), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities), SDG 13 (Climate) and SDG 15 (Terrestrial Life). We find that higher crop productivity and redesign of agro-ecosystems to increase on-farm tree cover could significantly limit these losses. Alternatively, the growing demand for ASF could be satisfied with imports, which would allow for reducing the trade-offs locally. However, this would result in at least partially only displacing ecosystem service losses to the exporting countries.

The Role of Animal-Source Foods in Sustainable, Ethical, and Optimal Human Diets

2020 ◽  
pp. 344-364
Author(s):  
Julia de Bruyn ◽  
Brigitte Bagnol ◽  
Hilary H. Chan ◽  
Delia Grace ◽  
Marisa E. V. Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Animal Source Foods ◽  
Animal Source ◽  
Nutritional Needs

Achieving sustainable, ethical food systems in support of human and planetary health is among the greatest challenges facing the global community. Globally, 815 million people are chronically undernourished, 108 million children and 604 million adults are obese, and more than two billion people are at risk of micronutrient deficiencies. Animal-source foods (ASFs), including milk, meat, fish, and eggs, provide high-quality protein and a variety of micronutrients in forms readily absorbed and used by the human body. Current research continues to explore the nutritional contributions of ASFs, their interactions with other dietary components, and their role in healthy human growth and development. This chapter uses the framework of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) to consider the value of ASFs in human diets across a range of settings. It discusses opportunities for multidisciplinary efforts that harness science, technology, and innovation (STI) to mitigate risks of foodborne disease, to promote the efficient management of natural resources, to reduce nutrient losses within livestock value chains, and to support gender- and culturally sensitive communication around livestock management and human nutrition. In support of the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of sustainable development, this chapter proposes opportunities to meet the nutritional needs of current and future populations while supporting biodiversity and conserving scarce natural resources.

scholarly journals The ongoing nutrition transition thwarts long-term targets for food security, public health and environmental protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Leon Bodirsky ◽  
Jan Philipp Dietrich ◽  
Eleonora Martinelli ◽  
Antonia Stenstad ◽  
Prajal Pradhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Food Demand ◽  
World Population ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Animal Source Foods ◽  
Animal Source

AbstractThe nutrition transition transforms food systems globally and shapes public health and environmental change. Here we provide a global forward-looking assessment of a continued nutrition transition and its interlinked symptoms in respect to food consumption. These symptoms range from underweight and unbalanced diets to obesity, food waste and environmental pressure. We find that by 2050, 45% (39–52%) of the world population will be overweight and 16% (13–20%) obese, compared to 29% and 9% in 2010 respectively. The prevalence of underweight approximately halves but absolute numbers stagnate at 0.4–0.7 billion. Aligned, dietary composition shifts towards animal-source foods and empty calories, while the consumption of vegetables, fruits and nuts increases insufficiently. Population growth, ageing, increasing body mass and more wasteful consumption patterns are jointly pushing global food demand from 30 to 45 (43–47) Exajoules. Our comprehensive open dataset and model provides the interfaces necessary for integrated studies of global health, food systems, and environmental change. Achieving zero hunger, healthy diets, and a food demand compatible with environmental boundaries necessitates a coordinated redirection of the nutrition transition. Reducing household waste, animal-source foods, and overweight could synergistically address multiple symptoms at once, while eliminating underweight would not substantially increase food demand.

scholarly journals Ecosystem services for meeting sustainable development goals: Challenges and pathways

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazmul Huq
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Development Trajectory ◽  
Current Resource ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Development Goals

AbstractThe paper summarizes four presentations of the session “Environment and Wellbeing: The Role of Ecosystems for Sustainable Development” at the international conference “Sustainability in the Water- Energy-Food Nexus” held on 19-20th May 2014 in Bonn, Germany. The aim of the session was to present current stresses on ecosystem services imposed by global development trajectory, potential impacts on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and pathways to achieve SDGs. All four presentations agreed that global ecosystem services are under increasing pressure from degradation and may not be able to meet the growing Water-Energy- Food (WEF) demands especially for the developing world. Three examples from Tanzania, Cambodia and Niger made attempt to understand how governance policies attributed to natural resource depletion such as forestry and common grazing. The examples showed that governance policies favoring economic development are heavily contributing to clearing up natural resource bases. As a result, there were increasing conflicts among different resource user groups. Two other presentations introduce conceptual pathways to achieve the targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) under current resource stressed regime. The pathways suggested global technologies, decentralized solutions and consumption changes as the major means of achieving global sustainability and poverty eradication without any major trade-offs.

scholarly journals The role of seafood in sustainable diets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Zachary Koehn ◽  
Edward Hugh Allison ◽  
Christopher D. Golden ◽  
Ray Hilborn
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Animal Source Foods ◽  
Sustainable Diets ◽  
Animal Source ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

Abstract Recent discussions of healthy and sustainable diets encourage increased consumption of plants and decreased consumption of animal-source foods for both human and environmental health. Seafood is often peripheral in these discussions. This paper examines the relative environmental costs of sourcing key nutrients from different kinds of seafood, other animal-source foods, and a range of plant-based foods. We linked a nutrient richness index for different foods to life cycle assessments of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the production of these foods to evaluate nutritional benefits relative to this key indicator of environmental impacts. The lowest GHG emissions to meet average nutrient requirement values were found in grains, tubers, roots, seeds, wild-caught small pelagic fish, and farmed bivalve shellfish. The highest GHG emissions per nutrient supply are in beef, pork, wild-caught prawns, farmed catfish, tilapia and farmed crustaceans. Among animal-source foods, some fish and shellfish have GHG emissions at least as low as plants and merit inclusion in food systems policymaking for their potential to support a healthy, sustainable diet. However, other aquatic species and production methods deliver nutrition to diets at environmental costs at least as high as land-based meat production. It is important to disaggregate seafood by species and production method in ‘planetary health diet’ advice.

scholarly journals The Future We Want: Sustainable Development Goals Accomplishment with Organic Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
Srđan Šeremešić ◽  
◽  
Željko Dolijanović ◽  
Mirela Tomaš Simin ◽  
Bojan Vojnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Food System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Agriculture Systems

The aim of the paper is to enlighten the role that organic agriculture can have in the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Currently, sustainable agriculture systems are not adequately recognized in SDG and supported by the decision-makers. Given that agriculture plays one of the key roles in sustainable development accomplishment, the introduction of an organic agriculture can be a basis to implementing SDG. Organic agriculture has multiple benefits as most valuable option in redesigning food systems to achieve ecological, economic, and social sustainability. Moreover it could encompass and establish food system from field to fork necessary to complete the SDG without oversize resource depletion and negative impact on the environment. The study showed that by placing organic agriculture in the agenda of SDG it is possible to create conditions for sustainable development while identify and manage trade-offs in agriculture and maximising co-benefits.

scholarly journals Rangeland Ecosystem Service Markets: Panacea or Wicked Problem?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie M. Roche ◽  
Tina L. Saitone ◽  
Kenneth W. Tate
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Wicked Problem ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Ecosystem Service Markets ◽  
Service Markets

Rangelands support nearly one-third of Earth's population and provide a multitude of ecosystem services. Land managers and society face increasing pressures to sustainably intensify rangeland food systems; therefore, the time is ripe for thoughtful approaches to simultaneously produce more food, provide economic opportunities for livestock-dependent communities, and enhance environmental benefits from rangeland ecosystems. Payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs have been put forth as potential mechanisms to maintain the quality and quantity of ecosystem services while enhancing economic viability of livestock operations. Free markets have long been proposed as solutions for mitigating trade-offs from ecosystem services that are not co-produced with livestock production; such markets have failed to emerge at the scale required to address global threats to sustainability. We highlight fundamental obstacles on demand and supply sides that challenge the concept of a market as a panacea; we do so through an interdisciplinary lens of fundamental economic underpinnings overlaid with a social survey of cattle producers' perspectives. Relevant to the demand side, we discuss the most significant impediments to development and function of non-bundled ecosystem service markets; on the supply side, we provide unique perspectives, using novel interview data from California rangeland cattle producers. Producer interviews highlighted substantial financial challenges threatening the economic sustainability of their operations. Among interviewed producers, 85% identified government regulations as the central threat to their livelihoods. Producers identified opportunities for enhancing enterprise sustainability via improved value and marketing of livestock goods co-produced with ecosystem services, participation in conservation easements, and improved connections with society. Only 11% of producers identified PES programs as future opportunities. When asked about willingness to participate in PES markets, 13% of interviewees indicated they would not, 45% were neutral, and 42% indicated they would consider participating. Interviewees stated trust in the market broker is key and they would be less willing to participate if there was government involvement. Ecosystem service markets—whether voluntary or non-voluntary—are likely not sustainable solutions to the complex social-economic-ecological dilemma ranchers and society face. Sustainability on working rangelands will require partnerships to co-develop strategies to build more equitable food systems and sustain these ecosystems.

scholarly journals Circularity in animal production requires a change in the EAT-Lancet diet in Europe

Nature Food ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin van Selm ◽  
Anita Frehner ◽  
Imke J. M. de Boer ◽  
Ollie van Hal ◽  
Renske Hijbeek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Animal Source Foods ◽  
Animal Source

AbstractIt is not known whether dietary guidelines proposing a limited intake of animal protein are compatible with the adoption of circular food systems. Using a resource-allocation model, we compared the effects of circularity on the supply of animal-source nutrients in Europe with the nutritional requirements of the EAT-Lancet reference diet. We found the two to be compatible in terms of total animal-source proteins but not specific animal-source foods; in particular, the EAT-Lancet guidelines recommend larger quantities of poultry meat over beef and pork, while a circular food system produces mainly milk, dairy-beef and pork. Compared with the EAT-Lancet reference diet, greenhouse gas emissions were reduced by up to 31% and arable land use reduced by up to 42%. Careful consideration of the feasible substitutability between animal-source foods is needed to define potential roles of animal products in circular human diets.

scholarly journals Ecosystem services for meeting sustainable development goals: Challenges and pathways

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazmul Huq
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Development Trajectory ◽  
Current Resource ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Development Goals

AbstractThe paper summarizes four presentations of the session “Environment and Wellbeing: The Role of Ecosystems for Sustainable Development” at the international conference “Sustainability in the Water- Energy-Food Nexus” held on 19-20th May 2014 in Bonn, Germany. The aim of the session was to present current stresses on ecosystem services imposed by global development trajectory, potential impacts on future Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and pathways to achieve SDGs. All four presentations agreed that global ecosystem services are under increasing pressure from degradation and may not be able to meet the growing Water-Energy-Food (WEF) demands especially for the developing world. Three examples from Tanzania, Cambodia and Niger made attempt to understand how government policies attributed to natural resource depletion such as forestry and common grazing. The examples showed that institutional policies favoring economic development contributing heavily to clearing up natural resource bases. As a result, there were increasing conflicts among different resource user groups. Two other presentations introduce conceptual pathways to achieve the targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) under current resource stressed regime. The pathways suggested global technologies, decentralized solutions and consumption changes as the major means of achieving global sustainability and poverty eradication without any major trade-offs.

scholarly journals Ecosystem services and disservices in the Luanhe River Basin in China under past, current and future land uses: implications for the sustainable development goals

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiren Xu ◽  
Brian Barrett ◽  
Fabrice G. Renaud
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Luanhe River Basin ◽  
Potential Index ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Ecosystem Disservices

AbstractUnderstanding how ecosystem services (ES) and ecosystem disservices (EDS) are affected by human-induced landscape changes is important to minimise trade-offs and maximise synergies between Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and targets, and for equitable development across governance scales. However, limited research investigates how ES and EDS can change under past, current, and future land uses. This study, conducted in the Luanhe River Basin (LRB), demonstrates the interaction between humans and the environment under past, current, and future land uses at the river basin scale in China, using a stakeholders’ participatory capacity matrix to characterise both ES and EDS. Results indicate that forests and water bodies provided the highest overall ES capacity, while the lowest scores were reached in built-up and unused land areas. Built-up land and cropland provided the highest overall EDS, while the lowest EDS scores were for water bodies. By applying the ecosystem services potential index (ESPI) and ecosystem disservices potential index (EDSPI), we found that the ESPI of all the ES declined from 1980 to 2018 and would continue to decline until 2030 without sustainable and conservation development strategies in the LRB. The EDSPI under all future scenarios in 2030 was projected to increase compared to the baseline in 1980. This study recommends establishing and implementing sustainable environmental protection policies and cross-regional and trans-provincial eco-compensation schemes for minimising trade-offs in ES. The study proposes an integrated research framework that could be useful for understanding the effect of historical and future human–environment interactions on ES and EDS, and SDGs achievement.

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