Characteristics of landslide in Koshi River Basin, Central Himalaya

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1711-1722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-qiang Zhang ◽  
Rong-kun Liu ◽  
Wei Deng ◽  
Narendra Raj Khanal ◽  
Deo Raj Gurung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Central Himalaya ◽  
Koshi River Basin

scholarly journals How size and trigger matter: analyzing rainfall- and earthquake-triggered landslide inventories and their causal relation in the Koshi River basin, Central Himalaya

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqiang Zhang ◽  
Cees J. van Westen ◽  
Hakan Tanyas ◽  
Olga Mavrouli ◽  
Yonggang Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Central Himalaya ◽  
Triggering Mechanism ◽  
Susceptibility Maps ◽  
Triggering Mechanisms ◽  
Koshi River Basin ◽  
Frequency Area

Abstract. Inventories of landslides caused by different triggering mechanisms, such as earthquakes, extreme rainfall events or anthropogenic activities, may show different characteristics in terms of distribution, causal factors and frequency-area relationships. This research aims to study such differences in landslide inventories, and the effect they have on landslide susceptibility assessment. Koshi River basin in central Himalaya was taken as study area. Detailed landslide inventories were generated based on visual interpretation of remote sensing images and field investigation for different time periods and triggering mechanisms. Maps and images from the period 1992 to 2015 were used to map 5,858 rainfall-triggered landslides and after the 2015 April 25 Gorkha earthquake, an additional 1138 co-seismic landslides were mapped. A set of topographic, geological and land cover factors were employed to analyze their correlation with different types and sizes of landslides. The results show that the frequency – area distributions of rainfall and earthquake–triggered landslides varied considerably, with the former one having a larger frequency of small landslides. Also topographic factors varied considerably for the two triggering events, with both elevation and slope angle showing significantly different patterns for earthquake-triggered and rainfall-triggered landslides. Landslides were classified into two size groups, in combination with the main triggering mechanism (rainfall- or earthquake-triggered). Susceptibility maps for different combinations of landslide size and triggering mechanism were generated using logistic regression analysis. The different triggers and sizes of landslide data were used to validate the models. The results showed that susceptible areas for small and large size rainfall- and earthquake-triggered landslides differed substantially, while susceptibility maps for different size of earthquake-triggered landslides were similar.

scholarly journals Glacier changes in the Koshi River basin, central Himalaya, from 1976 to 2009, derived from remote-sensing imagery

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (66) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghui Shangguan ◽  
Shiyin Liu ◽  
Yongjian Ding ◽  
Lizong Wu ◽  
Wei Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Central Himalaya ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Area Loss ◽  
Glacier Changes ◽  
Precipitation Decrease ◽  
Koshi River Basin ◽  
The Himalaya

AbstractWe use remote-sensing and GIS technologies to monitor glacier changes in the Koshi River basin, central Himalaya. The results indicate that in 2009 there were 2061 glaciers in this region, with a total area of 3225 ±90.3 km2. This glacier population is divided into 1290 glaciers, with a total area of 1961 ±54.9 km2, on the north side of the Himalaya (NSH), and 771 glaciers, with a total area of 1264 ± 35.4 km2, on the south side of the Himalaya (SSH). From 1976 to 2009, glacier area in the basin decreased by about 19±5.6% (0.59±0.17%a–1). Glacier reduction was slightly faster on SSH (20.3 ±5.6%) than on NSH (18.8±5.6%). The maximum contribution to glacier area loss came from glaciers within the 1-5 km2 area interval, which accounted for 32% of total area loss between 1976 and 2009. The number of glaciers in the Koshi River catchment decreased by 145 between 1976 and 2009. Glacier area on SSH decreased at a rate of 6.2 ±3.2% (0.68 ±0.36% a–1), faster than on NSH, where the rate was 2.5 ±3.2% (0.27±0.36% a–1) during 2000-09. Based on records from Tingri weather station, we infer that temperature increase and precipitation decrease were the main causes of glacier thinning and retreat during the 1976-2000 period. Glacier retreat during the 2000-09 period appears to be controlled by temperature increase, since precipitation increase over this period did not offset ice losses to surface melting.

scholarly journals Assessing Climate Change Trends and Their Relationships with Alpine Vegetation and Surface Water Dynamics in the Everest Region, Nepal

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 987
Author(s):  
Mana Raj Rai ◽  
Amnat Chidthaisong ◽  
Chaiwat Ekkawatpanit ◽  
Pariwate Varnakovida
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Alpine Vegetation ◽  
Koshi River Basin

The Himalayas, especially the Everest region, are highly sensitive to climate change. Although there are research works on this region related to cryospheric work, the ecological understandings of the alpine zone and climate impacts are limited. This study aimed to assess the changes in surface water including glacier lake and streamflow and the spatial and temporal changes in alpine vegetation and examine their relationships with climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) during 1995–2019 in the Everest region and the Dudh Koshi river basin. In this study, Landsat time-series data, European Commission’s Joint Research Center (JRC) surface water data, ECMWF Reanalysis 5th Generation (ERA5) reanalysis temperature data, and meteorological station data were used. It was found that the glacial lake area and volume are expanding at the rates of 0.0676 and 0.0198 km3/year, respectively; the average annual streamflow is decreasing at the rate of 2.73 m3/s/year. Similarly, the alpine vegetation greening as indicated by normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is increasing at the rate of 0.00352 units/year. On the other hand, the annual mean temperature shows an increasing trend of 0.0329 °C/year, and the annual precipitation also shows a significant negative monotonic trend. It was also found that annual NDVI is significantly correlated with annual temperature. Likewise, the glacial lake area expansion is strongly correlated with annual minimum temperature and annual precipitation. Overall, we found a significant alteration in the alpine ecosystem of the Everest region that could impact on the water–energy–food nexus of the Dudh Koshi river basin.

scholarly journals Vegetation Changes and Their Response to Global Change Based on NDVI in the Koshi River Basin of Central Himalayas Since 2000

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6644
Author(s):  
Xue Wu ◽  
Xiaomin Sun ◽  
Zhaofeng Wang ◽  
Yili Zhang ◽  
Qionghuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Precipitation Trend ◽  
Central Himalayas ◽  
Annual Minimum Temperature ◽  
Vegetation Activity ◽  
Koshi River Basin

Vegetation forms a main component of the terrestrial biosphere owing to its crucial role in land cover and climate change, which has been of wide concern for experts and scholars. In this study, we used MODIS (moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer) NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) data, land cover data, meteorological data, and DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data to do vegetation change and its relationship with climate change. First, we investigated the spatio-temporal patterns and variations of vegetation activity in the Koshi River Basin (KRB) in the central Himalayas from 2000 to 2018. Then, we combined NDVI change with climate factors using the linear method to examine their relationship, after that we used the literature review method to explore the influence of human activities to vegetation change. At the regional scale, the NDVIGS (Growth season NDVI) significantly increased in the KRB in 2000–2018, with significant greening over croplands in KRB in India. Further, the croplands and forest in the KRB in Nepal were mainly influenced by human interference. For example, improvements in agricultural fertilization and irrigation facilities as well as the success of the community forestry program in the KRB in Nepal increased the NDVIGS of the local forest. Climate also had a certain impact on the increase in NDVIGS. A significant negative correlation was observed between NDVIGS trend and the annual minimum temperature trend (TMN) in the KRB in India, but an insignificant positive correlation was noted between it and the total annual precipitation trend (PRE). NDVIGS significantly decreased over a small area, mainly around Kathmandu, due to urbanization. Increases in NDVIGS in the KRB have thus been mainly affected by human activities, and climate change has helped increase it to a certain extent.

scholarly journals Climate change-induced hazards and local adaptations in agriculture: a study from Koshi River Basin, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 1365-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abid Hussain ◽  
Golam Rasul ◽  
Bidhubhusan Mahapatra ◽  
Shahriar Wahid ◽  
Sabarnee Tuladhar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Local Adaptations ◽  
Koshi River Basin

scholarly journals Extreme climate projections over the transboundary Koshi River Basin using a high resolution regional climate model

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupak Rajbhandari ◽  
Arun Bhakta Shrestha ◽  
Santosh Nepal ◽  
Shahriar Wahid ◽  
Guo-Yu Ren
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Koshi River Basin

Cascading Adaptation of Rural Livelihood to Changing Environment in the Koshi River Basin

Impact ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (8) ◽  
pp. 42-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiping Fang
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Koshi River Basin

scholarly journals Cascading adaptation of rural livelihood to changing environment: Conceptual framework and experiment from the Koshi River basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-157
Author(s):  
Yi-Ping Fang ◽  
Ran Zhu ◽  
Chen-Jia Zhang ◽  
Golam Rasul ◽  
Nilhari Neupane
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Koshi River Basin
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