Experimental verification of bridge seismic damage states quantified by calibrating analytical models with empirical field data

Summary Many empirical and analytical models were developed to forecast oil production. Empirical models (including data-driven models) can, for example, find correlations between oil cut and production, but they lack explicit knowledge of the physical behavior. Classic analytical models are loyal to reservoir physics. Nevertheless, they often require estimation of water saturation as a function of time, which is difficult to obtain for multiwell reservoirs. It is desirable to combine advantages of both empirical and analytical models and develop a physical-model-based method that uses field data to infer oil rate. In this paper, we propose to infer fractional-flow models from field data by use of the Koval (1963) theory. We inversely solved the Koval fractional-flow equation to obtain a relationship between water cut and dimensionless time. By history matching field water-cut data, two model parameters, the Koval factor and the producer-drainage volume, are estimated. Nevertheless, it is challenging to use the Koval approach as a predictive model directly because the injection contribution into each producer in a future-time horizon must be evaluated first. To address this issue, we combine the Koval approach with the capacitance/resistance model (CRM), which characterizes the injector/producer connectivities and response time. The material balance of fluids is established in a producer-based drainage volume to consider the contributions from nearby injectors and the time lag in production caused by reservoir/fluids compressibility. A regression approach is simultaneously advanced to minimize the model error. Because of robustly integrating the reservoir physical behavior and the data-driven approach, the combination of the Koval theory and the CRM can result in a synergy that leads to accurate oil-rate predictions. We validated this integrated method in synthetic homogeneous and heterogeneous reservoirs to test its reliability, and further applied it to a field case in western Venezuela. Case studies demonstrate that one can use this integrated model as a real-time tool to characterize interwell connection and to predict future oil production accurately.

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Investigation and Analysis of Empirical Field Seismic Damage to Bottom Frame Seismic Wall Masonry Structure

International Journal of Engineering ◽

10.5829/ije.2019.32.08b.04 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Seismic Damage ◽

Masonry Structure ◽

Empirical Field ◽

Bottom Frame

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Experimental verification of the SP-100 TEM pump analytical models

10.1063/1.43217 ◽

1993 ◽

Author(s):

Samir A. Salamah ◽

David D. Miller ◽

Upendrah N. Sinha ◽

Regina S. Narkiewicz

Keyword(s):

Experimental Verification ◽

Analytical Models

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Intestinal distribution and fecundity of two species ofDiplostomumparasites in definitive hosts

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182005009091 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 132 (3) ◽

pp. 357-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

A. KARVONEN ◽

G.-H. CHENG ◽

O. SEPPÄLÄ ◽

E. T. VALTONEN

Keyword(s):

Field Data ◽

Parasite Species ◽

Population Level ◽

Host Population ◽

Larus Argentatus ◽

Herring Gull ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Empirical Field ◽

Different Parts

This paper investigated the intestinal distribution and fecundity of 2 species ofDiplostomumparasites,D. spathaceumandD. pseudospathaceum, in 2 species of definitive hosts, herring gull (Larus argentatus) and common gull (L. canus), using both empirical field data and experimental infections. At the level of individual hosts, the parasite species occupied different parts within the intestine, but the fecundity of the worms, measured as the number of eggs in the uterus, did not differ between the parasite species except in wild common gulls. Interestingly, egg numbers in individual hosts were positively correlated between the parasite species suggesting that some birds provided better resources for the parasite species. At the host population level, fecundity of the worms did not differ between the host species or between adult birds and chicks. Both parasite species were also aggregated to the same host individuals and it is likely that aggregation is transferred to gulls from fish intermediate hosts. Individual differences in suitability and parasite numbers between hosts provide important grounds and implications for epidemiological model-based parasite prevention strategies.

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Measured Wellhead Loads During Drilling Operations: Paper 1 — Data Processing and Preliminary Results

Volume 5B: Pipeline and Riser Technology ◽

10.1115/omae2015-41445 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Massimiliano Russo ◽

Urszula Wolak ◽

Erling Myhre ◽

Guttorm Grytøyr

Keyword(s):

Data Processing ◽

Strain Gauge ◽

Field Data ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Measured Data ◽

Analytical Models ◽

Strain Gauges ◽

Drilling Operations ◽

Analytical Tools

The growing size of BOPs, longer drilling campaigns on wells, and operations in harsher environments has resulted in increased challenges in properly documenting wellhead fatigue during planned or executed drilling operations. The industry has started directing its efforts toward the calibration of analytical tools which are typically adopted for predicting wellhead fatigue. The ultimate goal for achieving this ambitious scope is to identify a benchmark set of analytical results that will predict field measurements. Early on Statoil identified a major obstacle: the absence of a good and comprehensive dataset of field measurements to serve as point of reference. Statoil and Aker Solutions cooperated on a pilot project with the intent of collecting a dataset of full scale measurements during drilling operations to be used to validate and calibrate the theoretical wellhead fatigue calculation methodologies. The main objective of the instrumentation campaign was to measure sectional forces as close as possible to typical wellhead hotspots by the use of three sets of strain gauges installed on the outside surface of the conductor and on the outside of the surface casing. With the objective of collecting an exhaustive dataset of measurements, accelerometers and inclinometers were installed on the BOP, the riser adapter, the riser below the upper flex joint and on the rig. An additional set of six strain gauges was installed on the riser to record riser tension variations. Environmental conditions were logged on board the rig and by the hindcast data provider. Operational events were carefully logged. This paper presents the following: • Data processing used for quality assurance and calibration of the measured data and the associated data challenges • Highlights of the instrumentation system capabilities to capture salient events of a typical drilling campaign and of ad-hoc performed rig operations to calibrate and validate the measured data • Effect of a controlled rig cross motion test, performed to evaluate quasi static loads on the well and calibrate strain gauge sensor orientations • A riser pull test, performed to validate strain gauge functioning • Several landing and disconnecting of the LMRP • Manipulation of the preload between the high pressure housing and the low pressure housing to investigate the effect of the preloading on the load sharing between the casings Since King and Soloman [2], the industry is still lacking quality field data to be used in order to validate the various analytical models used in the analyses of subsea conductor and wellheads. The results will confirm the quality of the measured data and will represent a first data point of comprehensive measured field data. This data will be used for future required work in calibrating the different building blocks pertaining to the analytical tools dedicated to well head fatigue predictions [3].

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Experimental Verification of Fast Analytical Models for XPM-Impaired Mixed-Fiber Transparent Optical Networks

IEEE Photonics Technology Letters ◽

10.1109/lpt.2004.826144 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 1400-1402 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. Pachnicke ◽

N. Hecker-Denschlag ◽

S. Spalter ◽

J. Reichert ◽

E. Voges

Keyword(s):

Optical Networks ◽

Experimental Verification ◽

Analytical Models ◽

Transparent Optical Networks

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Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Masonry Buildings and Definition of Seismic Damage States

The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874836801610010192 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 192-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A.J. Kappos ◽

V.K. Papanikolaou

Keyword(s):

Fragility Curves ◽

Pushover Analysis ◽

Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis ◽

Critical Issue ◽

Seismic Damage ◽

Masonry Building ◽

Nonlinear Behaviour ◽

Building Stock ◽

Damage States ◽

Diaphragm Action

A large part of the building stock in seismic-prone areas worldwide are masonry structures that have been designed without seismic design considerations. Proper seismic assessment of such structures is quite a challenge, particularly so if their response well into the inelastic range, up to local or global failure, has to be predicted, as typically required in fragility analysis. A critical issue in this respect is the absence of rigid diaphragm action (due to the presence of relatively flexible floors), which renders particularly cumbersome the application of popular and convenient nonlinear analysis methods like the static pushover analysis. These issues are addressed in this paper that focusses on a masonry building representative of Southern European practice, which is analysed in both its pristine condition and after applying retrofitting schemes typical of those implemented in pre-earthquake strengthening programmes. Nonlinear behaviour is evaluated using dynamic response-history analysis, which is found to be more effective and even easier to apply in this type of building wherein critical modes are of a local nature, due to the absence of diaphragm action. Fragility curves are then derived for both the initial and the strengthened building, exploring alternative definitions of seismic damage states, including some proposals originating from recent international research programmes.

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