Measurement of Physical Fitness and 24/7 Physical Activity, Standing, Sedentary Behavior, and Time in Bed in Working-Age Finns: Study Protocol for FINFIT 2021

Background: Population studies gathering measured data on fitness and physical behavior, covering physical activity, standing, sedentary behavior, and time in bed, are scarce. This article describes the protocol of the FINFIT 2021 study that measures fitness and physical behavior in a population-based sample of adults and analyzes their associations and dose–response relationships with several health indicators. Methods: The study comprises a stratified random sample of 20–69-year-old men and women (n = 16,500) from seven city-centered regions in Finland. Physical behavior is measured 24/7 by tri-axial accelerometry and analyzed with validated MAD-APE algorithms. Health and fitness examinations include fasting blood samples, measurements of blood pressure, anthropometry, and health-related fitness. Domains of health, functioning, well-being, and socio-demographics are assessed by a questionnaire. The data are being collected between September 2021 and February 2022. Discussion: The study provides population data on physical fitness and physical behavior 24/7. Physical behavior patterns by intensity and duration on an hour-by-hour basis will be provided. In the future, the baseline data will be assessed against prospective register-based data on incident diseases, healthcare utilization, sickness absence, premature retirement, and death. A similar study will be conducted every fourth year with a new random population sample.

Structural and physical evaluation of a reinforced beam using strain gauges

In this research project,the deformations in the longitudinal and transverse reinforcing steel of a reinforced concrete beam with 2ϕ½” were estimated.Additionally,the displacements in thecenter of thespanweremeasuredtogether with theloads, which generatedthecrackingof the beam of dimensions180 mm×240 mm×3100 mm.Displacement were performed using a linear variable displacement transducer, and strain gauges were used to measure deformations. Finally, the applied load’s measurements were obtained with a load cell Pinzuar/Model-100/20T equipment.The physical-mechanical properties of the concreteused were determined through compressive strength tests at 28 days and modulus of elasticity.For this purpose, a load-bearing frame was used to support the beam at three points for load application.The data was collected directly on the Quantum/X2 equipment and analyzed with the help of the Catman/AP software.The maximum deformations found in the bending test at three point since there inforced concrete beam we are not greater than 8483µm/mm,presenting a failure in the center of the beam due to the creep of the tensile steel for a maximum load of 3115 Kg.Finally,the physical behavior of there inforced concrete beam with applying aload allows evaluating and optimizing this kind of systems.

Darmois matching and C3 matching

We apply the Darmois and the $C^3$ matching conditions to three different spherically symmetric spacetimes. The exterior spacetime is described by the Schwarzschild vacuum solution whereas for the interior counterpart we choose different perfect fluid solutions with the same symmetry. We show that Darmois matching conditions are satisfied in all the three cases whereas the $C^3$ conditions are not fulfilled. We argue that this difference is due to a non-physical behavior of the pressure on the matching surface.

CFD Study on the Physical Behavior of Flue Dust in an Industrial-Scale Copper Waste Heat Boiler

The Flash Smelting Furnace (FSF) is one of the most common reactors for the primary smelting of copper concentrates. Its smooth operation depends on the availability and performance of the downstream Waste Heat Boiler (WHB). The WHB is especially sensitive to problems with its flue dust handling, such as the formation of accretions, which can lead to downtime and equipment failures. Due to the limited accessibility and the harsh conditions of the WHB, experimental studies are challenging. Therefore, CFD simulations can be a promising option to increase knowledge and evaluate a range of options. The present study investigates the physical behavior of flue dust in an industrial-scale WHB via a three-dimensional CFD model. Size-dependent particle sedimentation and the risk areas for flue dust accretions are predicted, finding good agreement with industrial experience and data from the literature. To make the evaluation of accretion risk zones possible, a new sticking function for flue dust is developed. The results are validated against dust samples. Finally, operational recommendations for minimizing flue dust accretions are derived.

24-Hour Physical Behavior Balance for Better Health for All: “The Sweet-Spot Hypothesis”

Abstract“Sit less–move more” has been the univocal advice to adults for better health. Predominantly, this advice is based on research of physical behaviors during leisure-time. A recent study among > 100,000 adults indicates a u-shaped association between leisure-time physical activity and risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality among adults in physically active occupations. This may be explained by the considerable difference in 24-h physical behaviors between adults in sedentary and physically active occupations. Thus, the advice “sit less–move more” might not be the best for health among adults in physically active occupations. To provide a scientific approach and encourage research on 24-h physical behaviors and health for those in physically active occupations, we propose the “Sweet-Spot Hypothesis.” The hypothesis postulates that the “Sweet-Spot” of 24-h physical behaviors for better health differs between adults, depending on their occupation. Specifically, the hypothesis claims that the advice “sit less–move more” does not bring adults in physically active occupations toward their “Sweet-Spot” of 24-h physical behaviors for better health. The purpose of our paper is to encourage researchers to test this proposed hypothesis by describing its origin, its theoretical underpinning, approaches to test it, and practical implications. To promote health for all, and decrease social health inequalities, we see a great need for empirically testing the “Sweet-Spot Hypothesis.” We propose the “Sweet-Spot Hypothesis” to encourage discussion, debates, and empirical research to expand our collective knowledge about the healthy “24-h physical behavior balance” for all.

Numerical simulation to analyze the physical behavior of centrifugal pumps as a turbine

In this research, a methodology based on the development of numerical simulations is proposed to analyze the physical behavior of centrifugal pumps such as a turbine. Numerical simulations were carried out using OpenFOAM software. For the validation of the numerical model, the construction of an experimental test bench was carried out. The analysis carried out involves the evaluation of performance parameters of the pump as a turbine, such as head, power, and efficiency. Additionally, the effect of the rotation speed on the previous parameters is evaluated. From the results obtained, it was shown that the maximum relative error was 4%, 3.4%, and 3.8% for the head, power, and efficiency parameters, respectively. In general, it was evidenced that the proposed numerical simulation has the ability to describe the real trends of the pump as a turbine for different flow conditions. In addition, an 11% increase in rotational speed was shown to cause a 12%, 1.9%, and 3% increase in head, power, and maximum efficiency. The proposed methodology is considered an adequate tool to analyze performance and identify the best efficiency point of pump systems such as a turbine. In this way, greater energy use is guaranteed.

KÖRPERSPRACHE IM KONTEXT DES KOMMUNIKATIONSPROZESSES BODY LANGUAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

This paper presents several research-based aspects on language-related communication, message-related communication and action-related communication and the connection between inner and outer attitude within communication, meaning that mental and physical conditions of speaking and hearing go hand in hand. The article also describes some differences between verbal and non-verbal communication, as well as encoding and decoding procedures in inter-cultural communication. Communication is about acting, with and without language, about intentions, about the circumstances and relationships between people, about attitudes behind the words, about physical behavior that expresses inner attitudes. Feelings are expressed in body language and physical changes also change the emotional state of communication participants. Summing up, some views of what communicative language and action are and are not, of what they can and cannot, are also presented.

IMPACT OF COVID 19: A QUALITATIVE STUDY GOLFING ACTIVITIES FOR SPORTS TOURISM MANAGEMENT IN TERENGGANU

Sports globally are also affected and impacted because of COVID-19. Time sports although often associated with healthy physical activity and its ability to improve the ability to improve health, these sports activities are seen as more dangerous if continued. Global concerns trigger a disturbing world life phenomenon in all aspects of life especially to the countries hit by this epidemic. This limitless and borderless COVID-19 pandemic forced various major world sporting events to be postponed. Sports are all physical activities performed to express feelings and convey value through the physical behavior as well as to test the skills of an individual with other individuals who venture into the same field of sports through competition based on the rules that have been set. As a clearer understanding, a pandemic occurs when many individuals can be infected with a disease easily and the disease can spread from one individual to another continuously without hindrance around the world and have a huge impact on sporting events.

Complexity-Entropy Causality Plane Analysis of Air Pollution Series

In this study, we explore the subtle temporal structure of environmental data using symbolic information-theory approach. The newly developed multivariate multiscale permutation entropy and complexity-entropy causality plane methodology are applied to the six pollutants data recorded in Beijing during 2013–2016, which is a powerful tool to discriminate nonlinear deterministic and stochastic dynamics. The obtained results showed that pollutant series exhibit significant randomness and a lower level of predictability in spring and summer, and more temporal correlations in winter and fall. In addition, surrogate analysis is implemented to avoid biased conclusion. We also define the relative complexity measure of multivariate series to reflect the complexity of a system. The highest relative complexity in winter is in line with the physical behavior of the pollution phenomenon.