scholarly journals Joint Offshore Wind and Wave Energy Resources in the Caribbean Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon J. Bethel
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
The Caribbean

scholarly journals LOS ARRECIFES DE LA ISLA DE SAN ANDRÉS (MAR CARIBE, COLOMBIA)

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörn Geister
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Maximum Degree ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Reef Crest ◽  
Acropora Palmata ◽  
Reef Complex ◽  
Western Caribbean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
San Andres

The windward reef complex NE and E of San Andrés Island is briefly described in terms of submarine topography, sediments and the distribution of corals and other benthonic organisms. The breaker zone of the San Andrés barrier and other exposed Western Caribbean reefs characteristically exhibits a profuse growth consisting almost exclusively of Millepora. In this respect they are different from most other described West Indian reef localities, where Acropora palmata is the dominating species in this part of the reef. The replacement of Acropora palmata by Millepora is interpreted as an adaptation of the reef crest community to high energy environments due to long swell prevailing at the Western end of the Caribbean Sea. A few short reef sections exposed to the maximum degree of wave energy show conspicuous algal ridges.

scholarly journals Joint Environmental Data at Five European Offshore Sites for Design of Combined Wind and Wave Energy Devices

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Zhen Gao ◽  
Torgeir Moan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Joint Distributions ◽  
Wave Parameters

The costs for an offshore wind farm, especially with bottom fixed foundations increase significantly with increasing water depth. If costs can be reduced to a competitive level, the potential for wind farms in deep water is huge. One way of reducing costs might be to combine offshore wind with wave energy facilities at sites where these resources are concentrated. In order to design combined renewable energy concepts, it is important to choose sites where both wind and wave energy resources are substantial. Such facilities might be designed in ultimate limit states based on load effects corresponding to 50-year wind and wave conditions. This requires a long-term joint probabilistic model for the wind and wave parameters at potential sites. In this paper, five European offshore sites are selected for analysis and comparison of combined renewable energy concepts developed in the EU FP7 project – MARINA Platform. The five sites cover both shallow water (<100m) and deep water (> 200m), with three sites facing the Atlantic Ocean and the other two sites in the North Sea. The selection of the sites is carried out by considering average wind and wave energy resources, as well as extreme environmental conditions which indicate the cost of the system. Long-term joint distributions of mean wind speed at 10-meter height (Uw), significant wave height (Hs) and spectral peak period (Tp) are presented for selected sites. Simultaneous hourly wind and wave hindcast data from 2001–2010 are used as a database, which are obtained from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. The joint distributions are estimated by fitting analytical distributions to the hindcast data following a procedure suggested by Johannessen et al. (2001). The long-term joint distributions can be used to estimate the wind and wave power output from each combined concept, and to estimate the fatigue lifetime of the structure. For estimation of the wind and wave power separately, the marginal distributions of wind and wave are also provided. Based on the joint distributions, contour surfaces are established for combined wind and wave parameters for which the probability of exceedance corresponds to a return period of 50 years. The design points on the 50-year contour surfaces are suggested for extreme response analysis of combined concepts. The analytical long-term distributions established could also be applied for design analysis of other offshore structures with similar environmental considerations of these sites.

scholarly journals Wave Energy Flux Variability in the Caribbean Sea

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Fernando Orejarena ◽  
Juan Manuel Sayol ◽  
Ismael Hernández-carrasco ◽  
Alejandro Cáceres ◽  
Juan Camilo Restrepo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Flux ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Western Basin ◽  
Wave Hindcast ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Wave Energy Flux ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
And Migration

Abstract Wave energy flux (WEF) is assessed in the Caribbean Sea from a 60-year (1958--2017) wave hindcast. We use a novel approach, based on neural networks, to identify coherent regions of similar WEF and their association with different climate patterns. This method allows for a better evaluation of the underlying dynamics behind seasonal and inter-annual WEF variability, including the effect induced by the latitudinal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), and the influence of El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation events. Results show clear regional differences of the WEF variability likely due to both a clear regionalization of the WEF due to both the intensification and migration of the ITCZ. WEF exhibits a strong semiseasonal signal in areas of the continental shelf, with maximums in January and June, in agreement with the sea surface temperature and sea level pressure variability. At larger scales, WEF shows a significant correlation with the Oceanic Ni\~no Index depicting positive values in the central and western basin and negative ones at the eastern side.

Joint Assessment of Offshore Wind and Wave Energy Resources for the Portuguese Pilot Zone

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Teresa Pontes ◽  
Paulo Costa ◽  
Miguel Bruck ◽  
Anabela Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Wave Conditions ◽  
Buoy Data ◽  
Joint Assessment

The objective of this paper is to present the joint assessment of offshore wind and wave energy resources for the Portuguese Wave Energy Pilot Zone (PZ). Offshore wind conditions are computed by the mesoscale regional atmospheric model MM5 whose good accuracy for that area had already been assessed through comparison against data. Wave conditions were produced by the shallow-water wind-wave model SWAN using as forcing wind the fields produced by MM5 and initial and boundary wave conditions computed the 3rd generation wind-wave model MAR3G. These preliminary results for the PZ were compared against buoy data for a two-month period. It was found that the accuracy is reasonable for significant wave height, wave power and mean direction but the energy period and peak period were significantly under-calculated. It is planned to further develop this work using initial and boundary conditions produced by a different wind-wave model as well as different SWAN parameterization models for wave generation and white-capping.

Wave energy flux in the Caribbean Sea: Trends and variability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés F. Orejarena-Rondón ◽  
Juan C. Restrepo ◽  
Alex Correa-Metrio ◽  
Alejandro Orfila
Keyword(s):  
Energy Flux ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Wave Energy Flux ◽  
The Caribbean

Assessment of wave energy resources in Hawaii

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 554-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin E. Stopa ◽  
Kwok Fai Cheung ◽  
Yi-Leng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Energy Resources

scholarly journals Exploring the Grid Value of Offshore Wind Energy in Oregon

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4435
Author(s):  
Travis C. Douville ◽  
Dhruv Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Resource Complementarity ◽  
Wind Energy Potential

The significant offshore wind energy potential of Oregon faces several challenges, including a power grid which was not developed for the purpose of transmitting energy from the ocean. The grid impacts of the energy resource are considered through the lenses of (i) resource complementarity with Variable Renewable Energy resources; (ii) correlations with load profiles from the four balancing authorities with territory in Oregon; and (iii) spatial value to regional and coastal grids as represented through a production cost model of the Western Interconnection. The capacity implications of the interactions between offshore wind and the historical east-to-west power flows of the region are discussed. The existing system is shown to accommodate more than two gigawatts of offshore wind interconnections with minimal curtailment. Through three gigawatts of interconnection, transmission flows indicate a reduction of coastal and statewide energy imports as well as minimal statewide energy exports.

scholarly journals A mechanism for freshening the Caribbean Sea in pre‐Ice Age time

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 508-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto M. Mestas‐Nuñez ◽  
Peter Molnar
Keyword(s):  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
The Caribbean

scholarly journals Implications of GNSS-Inferred Tropopause Altitude Associated with Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1939
Author(s):  
Tao Xian ◽  
Gaopeng Lu ◽  
Hongbo Zhang ◽  
Yongping Wang ◽  
Shaolin Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Deep Convection ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Negative Bias ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Cold Anomaly ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Geographic Distributions

The thermal structure of the environmental atmosphere associated with Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) is investigated with the combined observations from several detectors (FERMI, RHESSI, and Insight-HXMT) and GNSS-RO (SAC-C, COSMIC, GRACE, TerraSAR-X, and MetOp-A). The geographic distributions of TGF-related tropopause altitude and climatology are similar. The regional TGF-related tropopause altitude in Africa and the Caribbean Sea is 0.1–0.4 km lower than the climatology, whereas that in Asia is 0.1–0.2 km higher. Most of the TGF-related tropopause altitudes are slightly higher than the climatology, while some of them have a slightly negative bias. The subtropical TGF-producing thunderstorms are warmer in the troposphere and have a colder and higher tropopause over land than the ocean. There is no significant land–ocean difference in the thermal structure for the tropical TGF-producing thunderstorms. The TGF-producing thunderstorms have a cold anomaly in the middle and upper troposphere and have stronger anomalies than the deep convection found in previous studies.

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