Implications of GNSS-Inferred Tropopause Altitude Associated with Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes

The thermal structure of the environmental atmosphere associated with Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) is investigated with the combined observations from several detectors (FERMI, RHESSI, and Insight-HXMT) and GNSS-RO (SAC-C, COSMIC, GRACE, TerraSAR-X, and MetOp-A). The geographic distributions of TGF-related tropopause altitude and climatology are similar. The regional TGF-related tropopause altitude in Africa and the Caribbean Sea is 0.1–0.4 km lower than the climatology, whereas that in Asia is 0.1–0.2 km higher. Most of the TGF-related tropopause altitudes are slightly higher than the climatology, while some of them have a slightly negative bias. The subtropical TGF-producing thunderstorms are warmer in the troposphere and have a colder and higher tropopause over land than the ocean. There is no significant land–ocean difference in the thermal structure for the tropical TGF-producing thunderstorms. The TGF-producing thunderstorms have a cold anomaly in the middle and upper troposphere and have stronger anomalies than the deep convection found in previous studies.

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Composite Meteorological Forcing of Puerto Rican Springtime Flood Events

Weather and Forecasting ◽

10.1175/2008waf2222151.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 262-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mark R. Jury ◽

David M. Sanchez

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Caribbean Sea ◽

Tropical Atlantic ◽

Flood Events ◽

Trade Winds ◽

Meteorological Forcing ◽

Cloud Band ◽

Upper Troposphere ◽

Westerly Trough ◽

The Caribbean

Abstract The central Antilles Islands experience short periods of heavy rainfall during the spring season (April and May) when trade winds weaken across the Caribbean Sea. Composite analysis of the top 10 flood events in the period 1979–2005 is carried out to understand the meteorological forcing. Cases are selected when mean rainfall over Puerto Rico exceeds 50 mm day−1 and emergency management reports indicate the day is a “declared weather disaster.” In the NCEP–NCAR composite analyses, pulses of moisture shift westward across the tropical Atlantic about 10 days before a flood event. Five days before the composite flood a westerly trough penetrates eastward from the Gulf of Mexico. Northward flow develops over the Caribbean Sea and a southwest-oriented cloud band extends from Colombia toward Puerto Rico. A key feature of the midtropospheric circulation field is the development of anomalous twin rotors east of Florida in the mid- to upper troposphere. The flood events coincide with a change in zonal wind shear from westerly to easterly that is brought about by slow tropical and fast subtropical wave systems.

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Costapex baldwinae, a new species of bathyal costellariid (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neogastropoda: Costellariidae) from the Caribbean Sea

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington ◽

10.2988/20-00010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 133 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. G. Harasewych ◽

Juan E. Uribe ◽

Alexander E. Fedosov

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Caribbean Sea ◽

The Caribbean ◽

A New Species

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A mechanism for freshening the Caribbean Sea in pre‐Ice Age time

Paleoceanography ◽

10.1002/2013pa002515 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 508-517 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Alberto M. Mestas‐Nuñez ◽

Peter Molnar

Keyword(s):

Caribbean Sea ◽

Ice Age ◽

The Caribbean

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A New Cymothoid Isopod, Glossobius Hemiramphi, From the Mouth of the Ballyhoo, Hemiramphus Brasiliensis (Linnaeus) (Exocoetidae), in the Caribbean Sea

Crustaceana ◽

10.1163/156854085x00837 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 48 (1-3) ◽

pp. 147-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ernest H. Williams ◽

Lucy Bunkley Williams

Keyword(s):

Caribbean Sea ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Cymothoid Isopod

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Thermal structure of intense convective clouds derived from GPS radio occultations

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-12-5309-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 5309-5318 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

R. Biondi ◽

W. J. Randel ◽

S.-P. Ho ◽

T. Neubert ◽

S. Syndergaard

Keyword(s):

Thermal Structure ◽

Deep Convection ◽

Lapse Rate ◽

Orthogonal Polarization ◽

Cold Temperatures ◽

Temperature Lapse Rate ◽

Convective Systems ◽

Convective Clouds ◽

Strong Inversion ◽

Cloud Tops

Abstract. Thermal structure associated with deep convective clouds is investigated using Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation measurements. GPS data are insensitive to the presence of clouds, and provide high vertical resolution and high accuracy measurements to identify associated temperature behavior. Deep convective systems are identified using International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) satellite data, and cloud tops are accurately measured using Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIPSO) lidar observations; we focus on 53 cases of near-coincident GPS occultations with CALIPSO profiles over deep convection. Results show a sharp spike in GPS bending angle highly correlated to the top of the clouds, corresponding to anomalously cold temperatures within the clouds. Above the clouds the temperatures return to background conditions, and there is a strong inversion at cloud top. For cloud tops below 14 km, the temperature lapse rate within the cloud often approaches a moist adiabat, consistent with rapid undiluted ascent within the convective systems.

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Axinyssa ambrosia and Axinyssa yumae (Porifera, Halichondrida): two valid sponge species from the Caribbean Sea

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.3682.3.10 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3682 (3) ◽

pp. 495 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

SVEN ZEA ◽

DIEGO VALDERRAMA ◽

ANA MARÍA MARTÍNEZ

Keyword(s):

Caribbean Sea ◽

Sponge Species ◽

The Caribbean

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Nonlinear analysis of the occurrence of hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea

Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics ◽

10.5194/npg-25-291-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 291-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Berenice Rojo-Garibaldi ◽

David Alberto Salas-de-León ◽

María Adela Monreal-Gómez ◽

Norma Leticia Sánchez-Santillán ◽

David Salas-Monreal

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Gulf Of Mexico ◽

Nonlinear Analysis ◽

Chaotic Behavior ◽

Caribbean Sea ◽

Historical Record ◽

Nonlinear Analyses ◽

The North ◽

The Caribbean ◽

The Individual

Abstract. Hurricanes are complex systems that carry large amounts of energy. Their impact often produces natural disasters involving the loss of human lives and materials, such as infrastructure, valued at billions of US dollars. However, not everything about hurricanes is negative, as hurricanes are the main source of rainwater for the regions where they develop. This study shows a nonlinear analysis of the time series of the occurrence of hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea obtained from 1749 to 2012. The construction of the hurricane time series was carried out based on the hurricane database of the North Atlantic basin hurricane database (HURDAT) and the published historical information. The hurricane time series provides a unique historical record on information about ocean–atmosphere interactions. The Lyapunov exponent indicated that the system presented chaotic dynamics, and the spectral analysis and nonlinear analyses of the time series of the hurricanes showed chaotic edge behavior. One possible explanation for this chaotic edge is the individual chaotic behavior of hurricanes, either by category or individually regardless of their category and their behavior on a regular basis.

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GPS radio occultation with TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X: sensitivity of lower troposphere sounding to the Open-Loop Doppler model

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions ◽

10.5194/amtd-7-12719-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 12719-12733 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F. Zus ◽

G. Beyerle ◽

S. Heise ◽

T. Schmidt ◽

J. Wickert

Keyword(s):

Radio Occultation ◽

Weather Prediction ◽

Lower Troposphere ◽

Systematic Difference ◽

Open Loop ◽

Negative Bias ◽

Upper Troposphere ◽

Gps Radio Occultation ◽

Global Positioning ◽

Data Source

Abstract. The Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) technique provides valuable input for numerical weather prediction and is considered as a data source for climate related research. Numerous studies outline the high precision and accuracy of RO atmospheric soundings in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. In this altitude region (8–25 km) RO atmospheric soundings are considered to be free of any systematic error. In the tropical (30° S–30° N) Lower (<8 km) Troposphere (LT), this is not the case; systematic differences with respect to independent data sources exist and are still not completely understood. To date only little attention has been paid to the Open Loop (OL) Doppler model. Here we report on a RO experiment carried out on-board of the twin satellite configuration TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X which possibly explains to some extent biases in the tropical LT. In two sessions we altered the OL Doppler model aboard TanDEM-X by not more than ±5 Hz with respect to TerraSAR-X and compare collocated atmospheric refractivity profiles. We find a systematic difference in the retrieved refractivity. The bias mainly stems from the tropical LT; there the bias reaches up to ±1%. Hence, we conclude that the negative bias (several Hz) of the OL Doppler model aboard TerraSAR-X introduces a negative bias (in addition to the negative bias which is primarily caused by critical refraction) in our retrieved refractivity in the tropical LT.

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Temporal distribution and population structure of two congeneric species ofCucullanus(Nematoda: Cucullanidae) inOrthopristis ruberin Venezuela

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x08873567 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 69-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A.K. Bashirullah ◽

M.T. Diaz

Keyword(s):

Temporal Distribution ◽

Caribbean Sea ◽

Congeneric Species ◽

Mean Intensity ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

The North ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Over Exploitation ◽

Fish Hosts

AbstractThe qualitative and quantitative parameters of temporal distribution ofCucullanus tripapillatusandCucullanus chrysophrydesin the intestine ofOrthopristis ruberin the Caribbean Sea on the north of Margarita Island, Venezuela were analysed. A total of 540 fish were collected at random from the catch of commercial trawlers during 1982–83 and 1992–93. Both species ofCucullanuswere found throughout the year; prevalence and mean intensity ofC. tripapillatuswere higher than that ofC. chrysophrydes. A significant difference was found in infection between the two years of sampling. Female worms were more abundant than male in both years. Both species exhibited pronounced prevalence and maturity in September and March of each year, indicating seasonality. The patterns of occurrence of the two species ofCucullanusinO. ruberdid not change in the 10-year interval but the host size and number of parasites declined, which may be due to over-exploitation of definitive fish hosts.

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