scholarly journals Joint Environmental Data at Five European Offshore Sites for Design of Combined Wind and Wave Energy Devices

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Zhen Gao ◽  
Torgeir Moan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Joint Distributions ◽  
Wave Parameters

The costs for an offshore wind farm, especially with bottom fixed foundations increase significantly with increasing water depth. If costs can be reduced to a competitive level, the potential for wind farms in deep water is huge. One way of reducing costs might be to combine offshore wind with wave energy facilities at sites where these resources are concentrated. In order to design combined renewable energy concepts, it is important to choose sites where both wind and wave energy resources are substantial. Such facilities might be designed in ultimate limit states based on load effects corresponding to 50-year wind and wave conditions. This requires a long-term joint probabilistic model for the wind and wave parameters at potential sites. In this paper, five European offshore sites are selected for analysis and comparison of combined renewable energy concepts developed in the EU FP7 project – MARINA Platform. The five sites cover both shallow water (<100m) and deep water (> 200m), with three sites facing the Atlantic Ocean and the other two sites in the North Sea. The selection of the sites is carried out by considering average wind and wave energy resources, as well as extreme environmental conditions which indicate the cost of the system. Long-term joint distributions of mean wind speed at 10-meter height (Uw), significant wave height (Hs) and spectral peak period (Tp) are presented for selected sites. Simultaneous hourly wind and wave hindcast data from 2001–2010 are used as a database, which are obtained from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. The joint distributions are estimated by fitting analytical distributions to the hindcast data following a procedure suggested by Johannessen et al. (2001). The long-term joint distributions can be used to estimate the wind and wave power output from each combined concept, and to estimate the fatigue lifetime of the structure. For estimation of the wind and wave power separately, the marginal distributions of wind and wave are also provided. Based on the joint distributions, contour surfaces are established for combined wind and wave parameters for which the probability of exceedance corresponds to a return period of 50 years. The design points on the 50-year contour surfaces are suggested for extreme response analysis of combined concepts. The analytical long-term distributions established could also be applied for design analysis of other offshore structures with similar environmental considerations of these sites.

Joint Distribution of Environmental Condition at Five European Offshore Sites for Design of Combined Wind and Wave Energy Devices

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Zhen Gao ◽  
Torgeir Moan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
Joint Distributions ◽  
Wave Parameters ◽  
Extreme Response

The design of wind turbines requires information about joint data for wind and wave conditions. Moreover, combining offshore wind and wave energy facilities is a potential way to reduce the cost of offshore wind farms. To design combined offshore renewable energy concepts, it is important to choose sites where both wind and wave energy resources are substantial. This paper deals with joint environmental data for five European offshore sites which serve as basis for the analysis and comparison of combined renewable energy concepts developed in the EU FP7 project—MARINA Platform. The five sites cover both shallow and deep water, with three sites facing the Atlantic Ocean and two sites in the North Sea. The long-term joint distributions of wind and wave parameters are presented for these sites. Simultaneous hourly mean wind and wave hindcast data from 2001 to 2010 are used as a database. The joint distributions are modeled by fitting analytical distributions to the hindcast data. The long-term joint distributions can be used to estimate the wind and wave power output from each combined concept and to estimate the fatigue lifetime of the structure. The marginal distributions of wind and wave parameters are also provided. Based on the joint distributions, contour surfaces are established for combined wind and wave parameters for which the probability of exceedance corresponds to a return period of 50 years. The design points on the 50-year contour surfaces are suggested for extreme response analysis of combined concepts.

Analysis of Wave Energy Sources in the North Atlantic Waters in View of Design Challenges

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose V. Taboada ◽  
Hirpa G. Lemu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Wave Statistics ◽  
Wave Characteristics

This paper describes a wave energy analysis of North Atlantic waters and provides an overview of the available resources. The analysis was conducted using a scatter diagram data combined with wave statistics and empirical parameters given by wave height and periods. Such an overview is instrumental for modelling of wave energy sources, design of wave energy converter (WEC) devices and determination of locations of the devices. Previous survey of wave energy resources widely focused on determination of the reliability on installations of WECs. Though the renewable energy source that can be utilized from the waves is huge, the innovative work in design and development of WECs is insignificant and the available technologies still require further optimization. Furthermore, the wave potential of North Atlantic waters is not sufficiently studied and documented. Closer review of the literature also shows that wave energy conversion technology, compared with other conversion machines of renewable energy sources such as wind energy and solar energy, seems still immature and most of the research and development efforts in this direction are limited in scope. The design of energy converters is also highly dictated by the wave energy resource intensity distribution, which varies from North to South hemisphere. The immaturity of the technology can be attributed to several factors. Since there are a number of uncertainties on the accuracy of wave data, the design, location and installation of WECs face a number of challenges in terms of their service life, structural performance and topological configuration. As a result, collection and assessment of wave characteristics and the wave state conditions data serve as key inputs for development of robust, reliable, operable and affordable wave energy converters. The fact that a number of variables are involved in wave distribution characteristics and the extraction of wave power, treating these variables in the design process imposes immense challenges for the design optimization and hence the optimum energy conversion. The conversion machines are expected to extract as high wave energy as possible while their structural performance is ensured. The study reported in this paper is to analyse wave data over several years of return periods with a detailed validation for wave statistics and wave power. The analysis is intended to contribute in better understanding of the wave characteristics with influencing parameters that can serve as design optimization parameters. A method is proposed to conduct a survey and analysis of the available wave energy resources and the potential at cited locations. The paper concludes that wave energy data accuracy is the baseline for project scoping, coastal and offshore design, and environmental impact assessments.

scholarly journals Assessment of Offshore Wave Energy Resources in Taiwan Using Long-Term Dynamically Downscaled Winds from a Third-Generation Reanalysis Product

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 653
Author(s):  
Shih-Chun Hsiao ◽  
Chao-Tzuen Cheng ◽  
Tzu-Yin Chang ◽  
Wei-Bo Chen ◽  
Han-Lun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Wave Direction ◽  
Orchid Island ◽  
Offshore Wave

In this study, long-term wind fields during 1991–2010 from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) were dynamically downscaled over Taiwan and its offshore islands at a 5 km horizontal resolution using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Simulations of the 10 m (above sea level) dynamically downscaled winds served as the atmospheric forcing for driving a fully coupled wave-circulation model. The sea states of the waters surrounding Taiwan during 1991–2010 were hindcasted to evaluate the offshore wave energy resources and optimal wave energy hotspots. This study reveals that the southeastern offshore waters of Taiwan and the Central Taiwan Strait exhibited the highest mean wave power density (WPD), exceeding 20 kW/m. The annual mean WPD, incidence of the hourly WPD greater than or equal to 4 kW/m, monthly variability index and coefficient of variation of the WPD indicated that the sea areas located between Green Island and Orchid Island (OH_1), southeast of Orchid Island (OH_2), south of the Hengchun Peninsula (OH_3), and north of the Penghu Islands (OH_4) were the optimal hotspots for deploying wave energy converters. The most energetic months were October for OH_1 and OH_2 and November for OH_3 and OH_4, while the wave power was weak from March to June for OH_1, OH_2 and OH_3 and in May for OH_4. The wave direction is prevailingly east-northeast for OH_1, OH_2 and OH_3 and nearly northeast for OH_4. These phenomena reveal that wave power in the waters offshore Taiwan is induced primarily by the northeast (winter) monsoon. The exploitable annual WPD was estimated to be 158.06, 182.89, 196.39 and 101.33 MWh/m for OH_1, OH_2, OH_3 and OH_4, respectively.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic Response of a Combined Wind–Wave Marine Energy Structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yapo Wang ◽  
Lixian Zhang ◽  
Constantine Michailides ◽  
Ling Wan ◽  
Wei Shi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Hydrodynamic Performance ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Marine Energy ◽  
Floating Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Central Column ◽  
Combined Structure ◽  
Heave Motion

Due to the energy crisis and greenhouse effect, offshore renewable energy is attracting increasing attention worldwide. Various offshore renewable energy systems, such as floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs), and wave energy converters (WECs), have been proposed and developed so far. To increase power output and reduce related costs, a combined marine energy structure using FOWT and WEC technologies has been designed, analyzed and presented in the present paper. The energy structure combines a 5-MW braceless semisubmersible FOWT and a heave-type WEC which is installed on the central column of the semisubmersible. Wave power is absorbed by a power take-off (PTO) system through the relative heave motion between the central column of the FOWT and the WEC. A numerical model has been developed and is used to determine rational size and draft of the combined structure. The effects of different PTO system parameters on the hydrodynamic performance and wave energy production of the WEC under typical wave conditions are investigated and a preliminary best value for the PTO’s damping coefficient is obtained. Additionally, the effects of viscous modeling used during the analysis and the hydrodynamic coupling on the response of the combined structure are studied.

Climate change effects on marine renewable energy resources and environmental conditions for offshore aquaculture in Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos V C Weiss ◽  
Melisa Menendez ◽  
Bárbara Ondiviela ◽  
Raúl Guanche ◽  
Iñigo J Losada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Marine Renewable Energy ◽  
Offshore Aquaculture

Abstract The development of the marine renewable energy and offshore aquaculture sectors is susceptible to being affected by climate change. Consequently, for the long-term planning of these activities, a holistic view on the effects of climate change on energy resources and environmental conditions is required. Based on present climate and future climate scenario, favourable conditions for wind and wave energy exploitation and for farming six marine fish species are assessed using a suitability index over all European regional seas. Regarding available energy potential, the estimated changes in climate do not have direct impacts on the geographic distribution of potential regions for the energy industry (both wind and wave based), that is they pose no threat to this industry. Long-term changes in environmental conditions could however require adaptation of the aquaculture sector and especially of its exploitation areas. Opportunities for aquaculture expansion of the assessed species are identified. Possibilities for co-location of these activities are observed in the different climate scenarios. The evaluation of potential zones for the exploitation of marine renewable energy resources and offshore aquaculture represents a stepping-stone, useful for improving decision-making and assisting in the management of marine economies both in the short-term and in the long-term development of these sectors.

Analysis of Environmental Conditions for the Conceptual Design of a 200 MW Floating Offshore Wind Farm in the East Sea, Korea

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunkyoung Shin ◽  
Youngjae Yu ◽  
Thanh Dam Pham ◽  
Hyeonjeong Ahn ◽  
Byoungcheon Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
East Sea ◽  
Wind Resource

Abstract Due to global climate change, concern regarding the environment is greater than ever. Also, the energy industry is constantly developing and investing in new and renewable energy to reduce carbon emissions. Korea is planning to increase the proportion of renewable energy generation to 20% by 2030, in accordance with the 3020 renewable energy policy. This will involve 16.5 GW (34%) from wind energy, with a capacity from offshore wind energy of approximately 13 GW. Considering domestic technological wind resource potential (33.2 GW), it seems to be a sufficient target amount. However, in order to start the wind power generation business, the installation area must be analyzed for environmental information, for the evaluation of the wind resource and the early-stage concept design. Because it is difficult to conduct long-term measurements of the entire sea area, the environmental conditions are generally estimated from short-term measurement data and long-term reanalysis data. In this study, the environmental conditions of the East Sea of Korea were selected, and a comparative analysis was performed on the meteorological agency’s oceanic meteorology buoy data, ERA-5 reanalysis data obtained from ECMWF, and NASA’s MERRA-2 data. The extreme sea states of 50 years and 100 years were analyzed by extreme statistical analysis. Finally, environmental conditions required for the basic design of wind turbines were selected following IEC and DNV standards.

Development of Wave Power Generation Technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 905-909
Author(s):  
Cui Ping Kuang ◽  
Peng Chen Liu ◽  
Yi Pan ◽  
Jie Gu
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Ocean Wave Energy ◽  
Power Generation Technology ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Generation Technology ◽  
Wave Power Generation

With the increasing demand of energy, as a clean green renewable energy, ocean wave energy is paid much attention by the countries especially those along coasts. So far, wave power generation technology has experienced decades of development. In this paper, the development and the main wave power generation devices are introduced, moreover, the latest applications of wave energy and existing problems on wave power generation technology are presented.

An overview of medium- to long-term predictions of global wave energy resources

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 1492-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Wei Zheng ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Chong Yin Li
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Energy Resources

Hebridean Marine Energy Resources: Wave-Power Characterisation Using a Buoy Network

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Vögler ◽  
Vengatesan Venugopal
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Energy Futures ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Marine Energy ◽  
Outer Hebrides

The Outer Hebrides of Scotland were identified as an area with a high wave power resource of 42.4kW/m. The Outer Hebrides of Scotland are currently targeted by a range of developers for demonstration and commercial developments of wave energy converters and current planning efforts are based on initial deployments by 2014. Technology providers with well advanced plans to develop the Hebridean wave resource include Aquamarine Power (Oyster) [1], Pelamis (P2) [2] and Voith Wavegen (OWC) [3]; all of these companies are partners in the Hebridean Marine Energy Futures project [4] to help move the industry into the commercialisation stage. As part of the Hebridean Marine Energy Futures project, a three year programme aimed at developing a high resolution wave energy resource map to support the site selection process of marine energy developers, a network of three wave measuring buoys was deployed 15km offshore in a depth of 60m and at distances of 11km between buoys. Measured wind and wave data from this buoy network for autumn 2011 are analysed and presented in this paper along with estimated wave power for the same duration.

scholarly journals Floating Offshore Renewable Energy Farms. A Life-Cycle Cost Analysis at Brindisi, Italy

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6150
Author(s):  
Daniela Pantusa ◽  
Antonio Francone ◽  
Giuseppe Roberto Tomasicchio
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Floating Platforms ◽  
System Coupling

The present paper deals with the Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) of an offshore renewable energy farm that is currently a topic of interest for operators and investors. The LCC analysis refers to the Cost Breakdown Structure (CBS) considering all the phases of life span, and it has been carried out for floating offshore wind farms (FOWFs) and hybrid wind-wave farms (HWWFs). For HWWFs, this paper proposes a hybrid wind-wave energy system (HWWES), which provides the coupling of wave energy converter (WEC) with Tension Leg Platform (TLP) or Spar Buoy platform (SB). The LCC analysis has been carried out considering: (i) FOWF consisting of TLP floating platforms; (ii) FOWF consisting of a SB floating platforms; (iii) HWWF realized with the conceived hybrid system coupling the WEC with the TLP platform; (iv) HWWF realized with the conceived hybrid system coupling the WEC with SB platform. In addition to the LCC evaluation, the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) analysis has also been carried out. The site chosen for the study is off the port of Brindisi, southern Italy. This work’s interest lies in having performed a LCC analysis for FOWF and HWWF in the Mediterranean that is an area of growing interest for offshore renewable energy, and obtained results have allowed making assessments on costs for offshore energy farms.

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