Appraisal of long term groundwater quality of peninsular India using water quality index and fractal dimension

In sustainable groundwater study, it is necessary to assess the quality of groundwater in terms of irrigation purposes. The present study attempts to assess the groundwater quality through Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) in hard-rock aquifer system and sustainable water use in Lahar block, Bhind of district, Madhya Pradesh, India. The quality of ground water in major part of the study area is generally good. In order to understand the shallow groundwater quality, the water samples were collected from 40 tube wells irrigation water. The primary physical and chemical parameters like potential Hydrogen (pH), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), bicarbonate (HCO3-), carbonate (CO32-), chloride (Cl-), and nitrate (NO3-) were analyzed for (irrigation water quality index ) IWQI. The secondary parameters of irrigation groundwater quality indices such as Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Soluble Percentage (SSP), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Permeability Index (PI), and Kellies Ratio (KR) were also derived from the primary parameter for irrigation water quality index (IWQI). The IWQI was classified into excellent to unfit condition of groundwater quality based on their Water Quality Index (WQI). The IWQI (82.5%+15.0%) indicate that slightly unsustainable to good quality of ground water. Due to this quality deterioration of shallow aquifer, an immediate attestation requires for sustainable development.

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Assessment of groundwater quality of Pratapgarh district in India for suitability of drinking purpose using water quality index (WQI) and GIS technique

Sustainable Water Resources Management ◽

10.1007/s40899-017-0144-1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 601-616 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Ashwani Kumar Tiwari ◽

Abhay Kumar Singh ◽

Mukesh Kumar Mahato

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Gis Technique ◽

Drinking Purpose

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Analysis of Groundwater Quality of Aligarh City, (India): Using Water Quality Index

Current World Environment ◽

10.12944/cwe.9.3.36 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 851-857 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Khwaja Anwar ◽

Vanita Aggarwal

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index

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Irrigation groundwater quality based on hydrochemical analysis of Nandgaon block, Nashik district in Maharashtra

International Journal of Advanced Geosciences ◽

10.14419/ijag.v5i1.7116 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kailash Aher ◽

Sharad Gaikwad

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Shallow Aquifer ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Irrigation Water Quality ◽

Irrigation Water Quality Index

To identify the sources and quality of groundwater, the water samples were collected from 52 dug wells irrigation water in an area of 1089.82km2 and were analyses for pH, Conductivity, total dissolved solids, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, potassium, total hardness, Alkalinity (CO32−, HCO3−), sulphate, chloride, nitrate and fluoride to understand the (irrigation water quality index ) IWQI, The secondary parameters of irrigation groundwater quality indices such as Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelley’s ratio (KR), Sodium soluble percent (SSP), Permeability index (PI),Magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR),and CRI (Corrosively ratio index) were calculated from the primary parameter for irrigation water quality index (IWQI). The IWQI was classified into excellent to unfit condition of groundwater quality based on their Water Quality Index (WQI). The IWQI (88%+12%) indicate that slightly unsustainable to good quality of ground water. But due to this quality deterioration of shallow aquifer, an immediate attestation requires for sustainable development.

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Suitability Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purpose by Physicochemical Characterization and Water Quality Index from Haveli Region, India

10.21523/gcj3.18020201 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 83-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Smitarani Lad ◽

Swati Mukherjee ◽

Bhavana Umrikar

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Physicochemical Characterization ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Prime Concern ◽

The Impact ◽

Drinking Purpose

The emulsification of major constituents in groundwater is accentuated to highlight the impact that is anticipated to be the prime concern due to depleting quality of this resource used for drinking purpose. In view of this, 53 groundwater samples of dug wells taping basaltic water table aquifer located in Haveli taluka adjoining Pune city of Maharashtra, India were collected and analyzed for major cations and anions to evaluate the suitability using water quality index (WQI). The parameters such as pH, Total Hardness (TH), Sodium (Na) and Sulphate (SO4) were assigned with weight 5 and the weight 1 considered as lowest level was assigned to Calcium (Ca++), Magnesium (Mg++), Potassium (K+), Carbonate (CO3--), Bicarbonate (HCO3-) and Phosphate (PO4) and observations were made to know the groundwater quality of the study area. Using these values, the WQI was calculated that revealed according to BIS standards 57% of samples falls in good category, and 43% samples in poor category, while according to WHO standards 38%, 57%, 6% were representing excellent, good and poor category, respectively.

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Evaluation of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purpose using Different Water Quality Indices in Parts of Gautam Budh Nagar District, India

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2020.22531 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 1128-1138

Author(s):

Meenu Agarwal ◽

Meenakshi Singh ◽

Jakir Hussain

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Pure Water ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Canadian Council ◽

Ccme Wqi ◽

Drinking Purpose

Water Quality Index (WQI) is a mathematical value for quality of water, which includes the concentration of a number of constituents present in it. Chemical and biological measures of water quality are used to represent water quality index. Measured value of the selected parameters, ideal concentration of that parameter in pure water and standard value given by different quality control organizations are used to determine this number. In the present study, three indexing methods; Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI), Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI) and Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) were used to calculate water quality index of groundwater. A hydrochemical analysis of 22 groundwater samples was conducted to evaluate the quality of groundwater for drinking purpose. Ten hydrochemical parameters were selected for computing WQIs of groundwater samples and BIS standards were used for standardization. Analytical results show that 100 % of samples have magnesium and total hardness above the acceptable limit of BIS (10500, 2012). The mean concentration of nitrate was found 196.96 ± 9.3.18 mg/L. Spatial distribution of various parameters shows that south-east part of study area has contaminated groundwater. The results of water quality index shows that drinking water quality of 82 % (WAWQI), 95 % (GWQI) and 77 % (CCME WQI) of groundwater samples were poor to unsuitable type. Water quality index map also reveals that groundwater of village Badhpura, Dhoom Manikpur, Dairy Maccha, Khera Dharampura, Bisrakh road, Duryai and Dujana of district Gautam Budh Nagar of India, was not fit for human consumption.

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The use of GIS and water quality index to assess groundwater quality of krimat aquifer (Essaouira; Morocco)

SN Applied Sciences ◽

10.1007/s42452-020-2653-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Otman El Mountassir ◽

Mohammed Bahir ◽

Driss Ouazar ◽

Salah Ouhamdouch ◽

Abdelghani Chehbouni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index

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Environmental Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation Purposes: A Case Study Of Hillah City In Iraq

Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.47836/pjst.29.3.10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Zaid Abed Al-Ridah ◽

Ahmed Samir Naje ◽

Diaa Fliah Hassan ◽

Hussein Ali Mahdi Al-Zubaid

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Electric Conductivity ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Total Dissolved Solids ◽

Wet Season ◽

Severe Restriction ◽

Dissolved Solids

This study was conducted to evaluate the groundwater quality of wells located around the Hillah city of Iraq, for the purposes of determining its suitability as water for agricultural irrigation, according to the Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI). The number of wells that are being investigated was 24. The spatial distribution of water quality parameters was investigated using ArcGIS software. Ten parameters were established for the dry and wet seasons of 2018 and 2019, which include pH, electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), calcium, potassium, magnesium, bicarbonate, sodium, chloride and sulfuric. The results showed that all pH and sodium absorption ratio values were within the allowable limits. About 69%, and 75% electric conductivity, total dissolved solids, values respectively were higher than the allowable limits. Most values of positive and negative ions were higher than the allowable limits. In 2018, the water quality of (4%) of wells number was classified as moderate restriction and approximately 96% was poor quality in dry season, while the IWQI was enhanced in the wet season. In 2019, the quality of water was dropped as most of the water quality was classified as severe restriction and few in the high restriction for the dry season. These values were increased in the wet season due to the freshwater dilution effect. Water quality index show that a large percentage of the wells have poor water quality leads to severe restriction for irrigation requirements and need relatively high permeability soils and salt-resistant plants.

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Assessment of groundwater quality in Khulna city of Bangladesh in terms of water quality index for drinking purpose

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-020-01314-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Asif Mahmud ◽

Shraboni Sikder ◽

Jagadish Chandra Joardar

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Water Samples ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Tube Wells ◽

Drinking Purpose

Abstract Valuation of water quality index (WQI) is one of the simplest, easily understandable, and efficacious techniques to evaluate the quality and suitability of water for drinking as well as other purposes. This research was aimed to investigate the drinking water quality of tube wells from different areas in Khulna City, Bangladesh, by developing the WQI. Water samples from 59 tube wells were collected from different locations during the pre-monsoon time. pH, electric conductivity (EC), dissolve oxygen (DO), total dissolved solid (TDS), chloride (Cl−), nitrate (NO3−), and total hardness of the collected water samples were analyzed for the calculation of WQI. The mean value for pH, EC, DO, TDS, Cl−1, NO3−, and total hardness was 7.30, 1650 μS/cm, 1.60 mg/l, 1188.7 mg/l, 414.6 mg/l, 0.029 mg/l, and 52.03 mg/l, respectively. The calculated WQI values for individual places were distributed spatially through mapping by using ArcGIS software. Based on the WQI values, the drinking water was categorized into excellent, good, poor, very poor, and unfit for drinking purposes. The calculated WQI values ranged from 40.11 to 454.37 with an average value of 108.94. Among all the groundwater samples, 11.86% were excellent, 54.24% were good, 23.73% were poor, 1.69% were very poor, and 8.47% were unfit for drinking purpose based on WQI. The results showed that the groundwater quality of most of the studied areas of Khulna city could be considered safe and suitable for drinking barring the elevated EC and chloride content in some areas. Since Khulna city is situated in the southwestern part of Bangladesh and gradually approaches toward the base level of the Bay of Bengal which might be the source of salt concentration in the groundwater of Khulna city, Bangladesh.

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Assessment of Groundwater Quality by Water Quality Index for Perungudi, Chennai

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.c4819.098319 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 3695-3697

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Ground Water ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Groundwater Pollution ◽

Quality Index

Groundwater is the major source of drinking and for domestic uses. The usage has been reduced due to contamination and overexploitation of groundwater. Water quality index is an indicator used to determine the type of water. The study was carried out with the groundwater pollution caused by solid waste dumpsite in perungudi area located south of Chennai, Tamilnadu. From the study we have identified that the location nearby the dumpsite has been contaminated and suitable measures must be needed to safeguard the quality of ground water.

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