scholarly journals Taxing the People, Not Trade: the International Monetary Fund and the Structure of Taxation in Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-304
Author(s):  
Bernhard Reinsberg ◽  
Thomas Stubbs ◽  
Alexander Kentikelenis
1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Wulf

When Zambia introduced weekly foreign-exchange auctions in October 1985 in order to determine the value of the kwacha vis-à-vis the dollar, together with other measures aiming at liberalising external and internal trade and at restructuring the pattern of production, they were widely acclaimed as a model for reforms elsewhere in the continent. The Economist praised Zambia for ‘taking one of the bravest economic gambles that any African country has taken’,1 implying that even in the view of liberal commentators the Government ran a considerable risk in trying to implement this reform programme. The new measures enabled Zambia to reach a fresh stand-by agreement with the International Monetary Fund in early 1986, the previous one having broken down in 1985 because the authorities failed to meet the I.M.F.'s economic targets.


2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (133) ◽  
pp. 599-624
Author(s):  
Heribert Dieter

Economic multilateralism is at risk. Both the World Trade Organisation and the International Monetary Fund are undermined by competing regimes at the regional level. Bilateralism in trade is particularly mushrooming and might flourish further after the brealcdown of talks in Cancun. Especially the USA are organising their trading relations outside the WTO. These new regimes both undermine multilateralism as well as strengthen the more powerful nations. Developing countries are once again at the receiving end.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (69) ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
م. فاضل كريعة كزار

challenges facing the Iraqi economy, so the Iraqi authorities were forced to turn to the International Monetary Fund, which helps countries face their crises and implements corrective policies aimed at stabilizing the economy and its growth and providing preventive financing for the impacts and challenges facing developing countries, especially Iraq. funding for the reconstruction, which is estimated at (88) billion dollars, and the international community has pledged to contribute (30) billion dollars, and this funding is still limited due to the economic and social problems that affected the activity. variables, where there is a large fiscal deficit, an increase in public debt levels and political instability, which led to the creation of successive economic crises that forced the country to resort to financial institutions to improve its economic situation despite the pros and cons of these financial institutions.


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-332
Author(s):  
Krishanu Pradhan

The article is an attempt to assess India’s fiscal and external sector vulnerability in the context of the deterioration in major macroeconomic indicators in recent years. The balance sheet approach (BSA) developed mainly by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is applied to analyse episodes of major fiscal, financial and external payment crises in developing countries between the late 1990s to early 2000. The present work assesses the vulnerability in India’s fiscal and external sectors by descriptive and comparative analyses of relevant indicators and developing a composite vulnerability index (CVI) consisting of the indicators under study. Fiscal or external sector vulnerability can also be assessed by how easily or smoothly a government or a nation can finance its budgetary deficit or rollover of debt or the external sector funding needs. The method of financing and management of debt-related liabilities become important in this context. This may get reflected in currency composition, maturity pattern and ownership pattern of liabilities. The CVI score and favourable currency composition, maturity pattern and ownership pattern of liabilities largely helped India reduce both fiscal and external sector liabilities significantly in recent years. JEL Classification: E60, F34, H63


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