scholarly journals Roles of NG2 glial cells in diseases of the central nervous system

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Ping Xu ◽  
Jie Zhao ◽  
Shao Li
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Neural Stem Cells to Glial Cells an Important Factor for Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prithiv K R Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Near Future

Stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into any type of cell or organ. Stems cell originate from any part of the body, including the brain. Brain cells or rather neural stem cells have the capacitive advantage of differentiating into the central nervous system leading to the formation of neurons and glial cells. Neural stem cells should have a source by editing DNA, or by mixings chemical enzymes of iPSCs. By this method, a limitless number of neuron stem cells can be obtained. Increase in supply of NSCs help in repairing glial cells which in-turn heal the central nervous system. Generally, brain injuries cause motor and sensory deficits leading to stroke. With all trials from novel therapeutic methods to enhanced rehabilitation time, the economy and quality of life is suppressed. Only PSCs have proven effective for grafting cells into NSCs. Neurons derived from stem cells is the only challenge that limits in-vitro usage in the near future.

Radioautographic evidence for the protracted proliferation of glial cells in the central nervous system of jimpy mice

1981 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Privat ◽  
J. Valat ◽  
F. Lachapelle ◽  
N. Baumann ◽  
J. Fulcrand
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Jimpy Mice

Some fly sensory organs are gliogenic and require glide/gcm in a precursor that divides symmetrically and produces glial cells

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (17) ◽  
pp. 3735-3743 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Van De Bor ◽  
R. Walther ◽  
A. Giangrande
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cell ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Sensory Organ ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Sensory Organs ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Glial Precursor

In flies, the choice between neuronal and glial fates depends on the asymmetric division of multipotent precursors, the neuroglioblast of the central nervous system and the IIb precursor of the sensory organ lineage. In the central nervous system, the choice between the two fates requires asymmetric distribution of the glial cell deficient/glial cell missing (glide/gcm) RNA in the neuroglioblast. Preferential accumulation of the transcript in one of the daughter cells results in the activation of the glial fate in that cell, which becomes a glial precursor. Here we show that glide/gcm is necessary to induce glial differentiation in the peripheral nervous system. We also present evidence that glide/gcm RNA is not necessary to induce the fate choice in the peripheral multipotent precursor. Indeed, glide/gcm RNA and protein are first detected in one daughter of IIb but not in IIb itself. Thus, glide/gcm is required in both central and peripheral glial cells, but its regulation is context dependent. Strikingly, we have found that only subsets of sensory organs are gliogenic and express glide/gcm. The ability to produce glial cells depends on fixed, lineage related, cues and not on stochastic decisions. Finally, we show that after glide/gcm expression has ceased, the IIb daughter migrates and divides symmetrically to produce several mature glial cells. Thus, the glide/gcm-expressing cell, also called the fifth cell of the sensory organ, is indeed a glial precursor. This is the first reported case of symmetric division in the sensory organ lineage. These data indicate that the organization of the fly peripheral nervous system is more complex than previously thought.

Glial cells in the central nervous system of earthworm,Eisenia fetida

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 114-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Csoknya ◽  
Viktória Dénes ◽  
Márta Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Uncovering Novel Roles of Nonneuronal Cells in Body Weight Homeostasis and Obesity

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (9) ◽  
pp. 3001-3007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Chowen ◽  
Jesús Argente ◽  
Tamas L. Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Secondary Complications ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Poor Nutrition ◽  
Heterogeneous Class

Glial cells, which constitute more than 50% of the mass of the central nervous system and greatly outnumber neurons, are at the vanguard of neuroendocrine research in metabolic control and obesity. Historically relegated to roles of structural support and protection, diverse functions have been gradually attributed to this heterogeneous class of cells with their protagonism in crescendo in all areas of neuroscience during the past decade. However, this dramatic increase in attention bestowed upon glial cells has also emphasized our vast lack of knowledge concerning many aspects of their physiological functions, let alone their participation in numerous pathologies. This minireview focuses on the recent advances in our understanding of how glial cells participate in the physiological regulation of appetite and systemic metabolism as well as their role in the pathophysiological response to poor nutrition and secondary complications associated with obesity. Moreover, we highlight some of the existing lagoons of knowledge in this increasingly important area of investigation.

Development, Regeneration, and Neoplasia of Glial Cells in the Central Nervous System

1991 ◽  
Vol 633 (1 Glial-Neurona) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK NOBLE ◽  
PARIS ATALIOTIS ◽  
SUSAN C. BARNETT ◽  
KAREN BEVAN ◽  
OLIVER BÖGLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Glioendocrine System: Effects of Thyroid Hormones in Glia and their Functions in the Central Nervous System

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mami Noda
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Function

AbstractGlial cells play a significant role in the link between the endocrine and nervous systems. Among hormones, thyroid hormones (THs) are critical for the regulation of development and differentiation of neurons and glial cells, and hence for development and function of the central nervous system (CNS). THs are transported into the CNS, metabolized in astrocytes and affect various cell types in the CNS including astrocyte itself. Since 3,3’,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) is apparently released from astrocytes in the CNS, it is a typical example of glia-endocrine system.The prevalence of thyroid disorders increases with age. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are reported to increase the risk of cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Therefore, understanding the neuroglial effects of THs may help to solve the problem why hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism may cause mental disorders or become a risk factor for cognitive impairment. In this review, THs are focused among wide variety of hormones related to brain function, and recent advancement in glioendocrine system is described.

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