scholarly journals Origin and evolution of chemical composition of mineral waters of Szczawno-Zdrój inferred from long-term variation of ionic ratios, Sudetes Mts. (SW Poland)

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Romanova ◽  
Adam Porowski ◽  
Tomasz Zielski ◽  
Andrzej Dancewicz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Ionic Ratios ◽  
Concave Shape ◽  
Term Variation

AbstractThe archival records of chemical composition of mineral waters in Szczawno-Zdrój spa were analyzed in terms of variation of ionic ratios to explain the possible source and origin of the major compounds dissolved in water and evolution of groundwater chemical composition in time. The analyzed data contained the longest available series of chemical records, dating back to 1962, and related to waters discharged by five main springs: Dąbrówka, Marta, Młynarz, Mieszko and Mieszko 14. The research showed that mineral waters in Szczawno-Zdrój belong to shallow meteoric CO2-rich, Rn-containing groundwaters which form their chemical composition mainly through the interaction with aquifer rocks. Detailed analysis of long-term variation of ionic ratios revealed that (1) the carbonates weathering, mostly acid hydrolysis of limestones and dolomites, and (2) the ion exchange reactions with clay minerals, mainly the so-called natural softening, play a fundamental role in formation of the chemical composition of studied waters. Both processes are responsible for the occurrence of dominant ions in solution such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and HCO3−. The aluminosilicates hydrolysis occurs with variable extent, but plays rather secondary role in formation of chemical composition. The time distributions of major element concentrations in studied waters showed a characteristic “concave” shape, indicating the decrease in concentrations beginning in the 60s and ending around 2005–2010. Such “concave” shape trends are not reflected in time distribution of ionic ratios which strongly suggests the occurrence of a simple dilution of chemical composition of mineral waters by the influx of fresh water. The observed considerable fluctuations of chemical composition of mineral waters in Szczawno-Zdrój are most probably associated with climatic factors, namely: the increased amounts of atmospheric precipitation in particular periods of time and its seasonal distribution. Such influx of fresh waters reduces considerably mineralization of shallow groundwaters and directly increases springs discharge.

scholarly journals Transformation of the groundwater composition in coastal zone of the Ivankovo reservoir during 20 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Elena Lapina ◽  
Larisa Lapina ◽  
Vera Kudryashova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Ivankovo Reservoir ◽  
Water Quality Status ◽  
The City ◽  
Term Monitoring

The Ivankovo reservoir is an important source of drinking water for the city of Moscow. The water quality status of aquifers around the reservoir is important for its safety, as groundwater inflow into the reservoir is considerable. The chemical composition of the shallow groundwater around the Ivankovo reservoir is studied. The study is based on long-term monitoring (1999–2019) of both surface and groundwater quality. The aim of the paper is to identify changes in groundwater quality over this period and to determine their causes. The results show that over this 20 year-period, the groundwater quality in the study area shifted from HCO3–Ca to HCO3–Ca-Mg type, proven by statistical methods. The median values of the total dissolved solids (TDS) decreased by 13% in summer and by 17% in winter. It is shown that the ongoing processes of transformation of the groundwater chemical composition are mainly due to climate change, and atmospheric precipitation in the spring-winter period is a possible source of the Mg2+ ion entering the groundwater table. Among other components, concentrations of chlorides and sulfates underwent the largest change, the median values of which have decreased by two or more times, which is caused by both the dilution of the groundwater by melt water and a decrease in the anthropogenic load.

PERENNIAL MONITORING OF A PASTURE DEPRESSION DEVELOPMENT UNDER DIFFERENT LOADS OF THE TERSKO-KUMSKAYA LOWLAND

1970 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
М. А. Babaeva ◽  
S. V. Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Dominant Plant Species ◽  
Composition And Structure

Changes in phytocenoses in the long-term regime under the influence of anthropogenic pressure, natural and climatic factors are considered. Under the conditions of growing external influence the ordinary components of the community are transformed into its dominant synanthropic forms. Geobotanical studies have shown the heterogeneity of the vegetation cover of pastures in terms of phytocenotic composition, which is in a state of severe disruption. The long-term monitoring studies of pastures show that a complex of environmental factors has a significant impact on the change in species composition and structure under various loads. Change in the vegetation cover under the influence of weak grazing is disappearance of large-sod grasses of the Stipa series with a predominance of small-sod grasses such as Festuca sulcata. Intensive grazing causes disappearance of Festuca sulcata, as well as appearance of small Artemisia shrubs and more competitive plant species that cause changes in plant communities. Such changes make it possible to determine the dominant plant species, during the development of which the next transition of penetration into plant communities of other species begins. The phytocenoses of the compared species of this region differ in the structure and productivity of the dominant forage plants which give the highest phytomass depending on the humidity of the period and the type of load. The purpose of this work is to show the long-term influence of climatic factors in the absence of a minimum of atmospheric precipitation, as well as anthropogenic influences on the transformation of phytocenoses, changes in the structure of the vegetation cover of the semi-desert at different stages of loading. The article presents research data for several years on the species composition and productivity of pastures, depending on the load by the seasons of the year. The results of monitoring studies have established the number of dominant species and their productivity of phytocenoses at different stages of development of vegetation degradation.

Long-term variation of chemical composition of atmospheric aerosol on the Oki Islands in the Sea of Japan

1990 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1379-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Mukai ◽  
Yoshinari Ambe ◽  
Keiko Shibata ◽  
Tatsunori Muku ◽  
Kazuo Takeshita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sea Of Japan ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Term Variation

Effect of long climatic ageing on the microstructure of the surface of сarbon-fiber-reinforced plastics on base epoxy matrix

2019 ◽  
pp. 157-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Deev ◽  
E. V. Kurshev ◽  
S. L. Lonsky
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Carbon Plastics ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Determining Factor

Studies and experimental data on the microstructure of the surface of samples of epoxy сarbon-fiber-reinforced plastics that have undergone long-term (up to 5 years) climatic aging in different climatic zones of Russia have been conducted: under conditions of the industrial zone of temperate climate (Moscow, MTsKI); temperate warm climate (Gelendzhik, GTsKI); a warm humid climate (Sochi, GNIP RAS). It is established that the determining factor for aging of carbon plastics is the duration of the complex effect of climatic factors: the longer the period of climatic aging, the more significant changes occur in the microstructure of the surface of the materials. The intensity of the aging process and the degree of microstructural changes in the surface of carbon plastics are affected by the features of the climatic zone. general regularities and features of the destruction of the surface of carbon plastics after a long-term exposure to climatic factors have been established on the basis of the analysis and systematization of the results of microstructural studies.

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