scholarly journals Lying Without Saying Something False? A Cross-Cultural Investigation of the Folk Concept of Lying in Russian and English Speakers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisa M. Reins ◽  
Alex Wiegmann ◽  
Olga P. Marchenko ◽  
Irina Schumski
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Folk Concept ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Conversational Implicatures ◽  
Degree Of Similarity ◽  
False Claim

AbstractThe present study examines cross-cultural differences in people’s concept of lying with regard to the question of whether lying requires an agent to say something they believe to be false. While prominent philosophical views maintain that lying entails that a person explicitly expresses a believed-false claim, recent research suggests that people’s concept of lying might also include certain kinds of deception that are communicated more indirectly. An important drawback of previous empirical work on this topic is that only few studies have investigated people’s concept of lying in non-Western samples. In the present study, we compare people’s intuitions about lying with indirect deceptions (i.e., presuppositions, conversational implicatures, and non-verbal actions) in a sample of N = 255 participants from Russia and N = 300 participants from the United Kingdom. Our findings show a strong degree of similarity between lie ratings of participants from Russia and the United Kingdom, with both samples holding it possible for agents to lie with deceptive statements and actions that do not involve the agent saying something they believe to be false.

scholarly journals Disease threat does not predict attractiveness preference in a United Kingdom dataset: a replication attempt and commentary on White et al., Psych Sci 2013

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav Nilsonne ◽  
Adam Renberg ◽  
Sandra Tamm ◽  
Mats Lekander
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Congressional Elections ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Using Data

Background: A study by White et al. found that population disease burden predicted preference for attractive politicians in U.S. congressional elections. Aim: We aimed to replicate this finding using data from the United Kingdom. Method: We regressed rated sexiness of elected members of parliament on health metrics from their constituencies: life expectancy, infant mortality, and self-rated health. Results: None of the health metrics predicted rated sexiness of members of parliament. Conclusion: Further investigation is needed to verify whether the proposed relationship is important and whether it is moderated by other factors such as cross-cultural differences.

scholarly journals Disease threat does not predict attractiveness preference in a United Kingdom dataset: a replication attempt and commentary on White et al., Psych Sci 2013

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav Nilsonne ◽  
Adam Renberg ◽  
Sandra Tamm ◽  
Mats Lekander
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Congressional Elections ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Using Data

Background: A study by White et al. found that population disease burden predicted preference for attractive politicians in U.S. congressional elections. Aim: We aimed to replicate this finding using data from the United Kingdom. Method: We regressed rated sexiness of elected members of parliament on health metrics from their constituencies: life expectancy, infant mortality, and self-rated health. Results: None of the health metrics predicted rated sexiness of members of parliament. Conclusion: Further investigation is needed to verify whether the proposed relationship is important and whether it is moderated by other factors such as cross-cultural differences.

scholarly journals Traveling Responsibly to Ecofriendly Destinations: An Individual-Level Cross-Cultural Comparison between the United Kingdom and China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3248
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saeed Ashraf ◽  
Naeem Akhtar ◽  
Rana Umair Ashraf ◽  
Fujun Hou ◽  
Muhammad Junaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Unexplored Area ◽  
Responsible Tourism

Background: Cross-cultural comparisons have remained an unexplored area in responsible tourism, and therefore, the current study aims to develop a conceptual framework and test it across cultures. The purpose of the present study was to formulate and cross-culturally confirm a research model in the context of responsible tourism. Methods: Schwartz’s personal values and theory of planned behavior are integrated into a theoretical framework in examining tourists’ revisiting intentions to ecofriendly destinations. Data were collected from experienced tourists of the United Kingdom and China and a comparison was made. Results: The findings indicate that our research model holds true for both groups; however, we observed some noteworthy differences between the two groups of samples. The findings offer suggestions to responsible tourism practitioners considering cross-cultural differences while developing tourism strategies. Conclusion: This study has some important implications for tourism marketers. Given our results, marketers should add cultural features into their marketing campaigns and devise strategies that can target a cross-cultural audience. We acknowledge research limitations and suggest future research directions to responsible tourism scholars.

Mental Illness Among Immigrant Minorities in the United Kingdom

1986 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. London
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Cross Cultural Studies

Cross-cultural studies on immigrants from Pakistan and the New Commonwealth are reviewed, with emphasis on epidemiology and differences in clinical presentation. Their referral to the psychiatric service is also examined and deficiencies are noted. Awareness of transcultural issues among health professionals need to be increased in order to achieve diagnosis and improvements in health care.

Organizational Dehumanization and Emotional Labor: A Cross-Cultural Comparison Between Vietnam and the United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-60
Author(s):  
Nathan Nguyen ◽  
Quoc Anh Dao ◽  
Thi Lac An Nhan ◽  
Florence Stinglhamber
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Surface Acting ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Labor Literature

This study examined cross-cultural differences in the relationships between organizational dehumanization and both job satisfaction and turnover intentions through emotional labor (i.e., surface acting). In particular, we expected that power distance, that is, a critical value usually discussed as part of the national culture, would mitigate the deleterious effects of both organizational dehumanization and surface acting on job satisfaction and turnover intentions. Data were collected from employees in two countries that differ in power distance, namely Vietnam ( N = 235) and the United Kingdom ( N = 334). First, we found that perceptions to be dehumanized by one’s organization were indirectly related to poor job satisfaction and more turnover intentions through surface acting, regardless of the country. Second, our results showed that the deleterious effects of both organizational dehumanization and surface acting on work-related outcomes were weaker in Vietnam (a high power distance country) than in the United Kingdom (a low power distance country). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed from the perspective of organizational dehumanization and emotional labor literature.

Supporting Natural Helpers: A Cross-Cultural Study

1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 358-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Kelley ◽  
Verne R. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cultural Study ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Natural Helper ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Natural Helpers ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between professional and natural helpers was the subject of similar studies in Iowa and in Ireland and the United Kingdom. As a result, several clusters of natural helpers were identified and a model for professional-natural helper cooperation was developed.

A comparative study of behavioral and psychological signs and symptoms of dementia in patients with dementia referred to psychogeriatric services in Korea and the United Kingdom

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Shah ◽  
Nalini Ellanchenny ◽  
Guk-Hee Suh
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
The United Kingdom

Background: There is a paucity of cross-cultural studies of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD).Method: BPSD were examined in a consecutive series of referrals to a psychogeriatric service in the United Kingdom (U.K.) and in Korea, using the BEHAVE-AD, the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia and the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE). The U.K. service served a well-defined geographical catchment area with a multidisciplinary team and emphasis on home assessments. The Korean service was a nationwide service with limited community resources. The correlates of individual BPSD in each country and the differences between the two countries were examined.Results: Koreans were younger, were more likely to be married, less likely to be single, had a greater number of people in their household and were more likely to live in their own homes than the U.K. sample. Koreans were more likely to be referred by general psychiatrists or family members, and the U.K. sample was more likely to be referred by general practitioners. Koreans were more likely to have Alzheimer's disease and the U.K. sample to have vascular dementia. The Korean sample had a lower MMSE score than the U.K. sample. In both countries, the total BEHAVE-AD score and most subscale scores were negatively correlated with the MMSE score. The total BEHAVE-AD score and all subscale scores were higher in the Korean sample than in the U.K. sample. The prevalence of all BPSD measured with the BEHAVE-AD were higher in the Korean sample (except aggressivity).Conclusion: These differences may be explained by differing interpretation and administration of the measurement instruments, models of service delivery, availability of primary and secondary care services, health seeking behavior of patients and families, cultural influences, and knowledge, expectations and recognition of BPSD by professionals in primary and secondary care. However, despite this, there was possible evidence of genuine differences worthy of further cross-cultural population-based epidemiological study of BPSD between these two countries.

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