scholarly journals Rock typing based on hydraulic and electric flow units for reservoir characterization of Nubia Sandstone, southwest Sinai, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel Moktader A. El-Sayed ◽  
Nahla A. El Sayed ◽  
Hadeer A. Ali ◽  
Mohamed A. Kassab ◽  
Salah M. Abdel-Wahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Reservoir Characterization ◽  
Flow Unit ◽  
Reservoir Quality ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Hydraulic Flow ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Flow Units ◽  
Reservoir Quality Index ◽  
Hydraulic Flow Units

AbstractThe present work describes and evaluates the reservoir quality of the sandstone of the Nubia Formation at the Gebel Abu Hasswa outcrop in southwest Sinai, Egypt. Hydraulic flow unit (HFU) and electrical flow unit (EFU) concepts are implied to achieve this purpose. The Paleozoic section made up of four formations has been studied. The oldest is Araba Formation followed by Naqus formations (Nubia C and D) overlay by Abu Durba, Ahemir and Qiseib formations (Nubia B), where the Lower Cretaceous (Nubia A) is represented by the Malha Formation. The studied samples have been collected from Araba, Abu Durba, Ahemir and the Malha formations. The hydraulic flow unit (HFU) discrimination was carried out based on permeability and porosity relationship, whereas the electrical flow unit (EFU) differentiation was carried out based on the relationship between formation resistivity factor and porosity. Petrographic investigation of the studied thin sections illustrates that the studied samples are mainly quartz arenite. Important roles to enhance or reduce the pore size and/or pore throats controlling the reservoir petrophysical behavior are due to the diagenetic processes. The present study used the reservoir quality index (RQI) and Winland R35 as additional parameters applied to discriminate the HFUs. The study samples have five hydraulic flow units of different rock types, where the detected electrical flow units are only three. The differences between them are may be due to the cementation process with iron oxides that might act as pore filling, lining and pore bridging, sometimes bridges helping to decrease permeability without serious reduction in porosity. The reduction between the number of EFUs and HFUs comes from the effect of diagenesis processes which is responsible for a precipitation of different cement types such as different clay minerals and iron oxides.

scholarly journals Application of hydraulic flow units’ approach for improving reservoir characterization and predicting permeability

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-479
Author(s):  
Mostafa Khalid ◽  
Saad El-Din Desouky ◽  
Mohammed Rashed ◽  
Tarek Shazly ◽  
Kadry Sediek
Keyword(s):  
Reservoir Characterization ◽  
Hydraulic Flow ◽  
Flow Units ◽  
Hydraulic Flow Units

Integrating XRD and Well Logging Data to Establish Electro-Facies and Permeability Models for an Unconventional Heterogeneous Tight Gas Reservoir, Obaiyed Giant Gas Field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Mabrouk
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Flow Unit ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Production Forecast ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Hydraulic Flow ◽  
Heterogeneous Reservoirs ◽  
Flow Units ◽  
Tight Gas Reservoir ◽  
Hydraulic Flow Units

Abstract Formation evaluation in heterogeneous reservoirs can be very challenging especially in fields that extend over several kilometers in area where the permeability varies from 0.1 mD up to 1000 D within the same porosity. The porosity, hydrocarbon saturation and net sand thickness in most of Obaiyed field wells are consistent; hence, the productivity of these wells is enormously dependent on the reservoir permeability. Since the permeability is highly heterogeneous, initial production rate of the wells varies between few MMSCFD to almost one hundred MMSCFD. The huge permeability variation led to a tremendous uncertainty in the dynamic modeling, which resulted in an inaccurate production forecast affecting the field economics estimation. Understanding permeability distribution and heterogeneity in Obaiyed field is the key factor for establishing a realistic permeability model, which will lead to a successful field development strategy. Extensive work was performed to understand key factors that govern the permeability in Obaiyed using the data of 1-kilometer length of cores acquired in more than 50 wells covering different reservoir properties in the field. Core data were used to separate the reservoir into different Hydraulic Flow Units (HFU) according to Amaefule's work performed on the Kozeny-Carmen model. Afterwards, a correlation between the HFU and well logs was established using IPSOM Electro-Facies module in order to define the flow units in un-cored wells. The result of this correlation was used to calibrate a Porosity-Permeability relationship for each flow unit. The next step was examining the clay-type distribution and diagenesis in each flow unit using the petrographic analysis (XRD) results from the core xdata. All factors controlling the permeability can now be represented in hydraulic flow units which are considered as a method of measurement of the reservoir quality. Consequently, property maps were constructed showing the location and continuity of each of the flow units, leading to a more deterministic approach in the well placement process. Based on this new work methodology, a production cut-off criteria relating the reservoir productivity to both clay minerals presence and percentages was established for multiple wells scenarios. As a result, the development strategy of the field changed from only vertical wells to include horizontal wells as well which proved to be the only economic approach to produce the Illite dominated zones. This paper presents a workflow to provide a representative estimation of permeability in extremely heterogeneous reservoirs especially the ones dominated by complex clay distribution.

scholarly journals Implementation of Rock Typing on Waterflooding Process During Secondary Recovery in Oil Reservoirs: A Case Study, El Morgan Oil Field, Gulf of Suez, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed E. Radwan ◽  
Bassem S. Nabawy ◽  
Ahmed A. Kassem ◽  
Walid S. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Water Injection ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Reservoir Quality ◽  
Gulf Of Suez ◽  
Hydraulic Flow ◽  
Flow Units ◽  
Rock Typing ◽  
Secondary Recovery ◽  
Hydraulic Flow Units

AbstractWaterflooding is one of the most common secondary recovery methods in the oil and gas industry. Globally, this process sometimes suffers a technical failure and inefficiency. Therefore, a better understanding of geology, reservoir characteristics, rock typing and discrimination, hydraulic flow units, and production data is essential to analyze reasons and mechanisms of water injection failure in the injection wells. Water injection failure was reported in the Middle Miocene Hammam Faraun reservoir at El Morgan oil field in the Gulf of Suez, where two wells have been selected as injector’s wells. In the first well (A1), the efficiency of injection was not good, whereas in the other analog A2 well good efficiency was assigned. Therefore, it is required to assess the injection loss in the low efficiency well, where all aspects of the geological, reservoir and production data of the studied wells were integrated to get a complete vision for the reasons of injection failure. The available data include core analysis data (vertical and horizontal permeabilities, helium porosity, bulk density, and water and oil saturations), petrographical studies injection and reservoir water chemistry, reservoir geology, production, and injection history. The quality of the data was examined and a set of reliable X–Y plots between the available data were introduced and the reservoir quality in both wells was estimated using reservoir quality index, normalized porosity index, and flow zone indicator. Integration and processing of the core and reservoir engineering data indicate that heterogeneity of the studied sequence was the main reason for the waterflooding inefficiency at the El Morgan A1 well. The best reservoir quality was assigned to the topmost part of the reservoir, which caused disturbance of the flow regime of reservoir fluids. Therefore, it is clearly indicated that rock typing and inadequate injection perforation strategy that has not been aligned with accurate hydraulic flow units are the key control parameters in the waterflooding efficiency.

scholarly journals Comparative Permeability Estimation Method and Identification of Rock Types using Cluster Analysis from Well Logs and Core Analysis Data in Tertiary Carbonate Reservoir-Khabaz Oil Field

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
Adnan Ajam Abed ◽  
Sammer Mohammed Hamd-Allah
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Carbonate Reservoir ◽  
Flow Unit ◽  
Well Logs ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Flow Zone ◽  
Hydraulic Flow ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Flow Units ◽  
Reservoir Zonation

Characterization of the heterogonous reservoir is complex representation and evaluation of petrophysical properties and application of the relationships between porosity-permeability within the framework of hydraulic flow units is used to estimate permeability in un-cored wells. Techniques of flow unit or hydraulic flow unit (HFU) divided the reservoir into zones laterally and vertically which can be managed and control fluid flow within flow unit and considerably is entirely different with other flow units through reservoir. Each flow unit can be distinguished by applying the relationships of flow zone indicator (FZI) method. Supporting the relationship between porosity and permeability by using flow zone indictor is carried out for evaluating the reservoir quality and identification of flow unit used in reservoir zonation.  In this study, flow zone indicator has been used to identify five layers belonging to Tertiary reservoirs. Consequently, the porosity-permeability cross plot has been done depending on FZI values as groups and for each group denoted to reservoir rock types. On the other hand, extending rock type identification in un-cored wells should apply a cluster analysis approach by using well logs data. Reservoir zonation has been achieved by cluster analysis approach and for each group known as cluster which variation and different with others. Five clusters generated in this study and permeability estimated depend on these groups in un-cored wells by using well log data that gives good results compared with different empirical methods.

Improved Method to Identify Hydraulic Flow Units for Reservoir Characterization

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 726-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abouzar Mirzaei‐Paiaman ◽  
Hadi Saboorian‐Jooybari ◽  
Peyman Pourafshary
Keyword(s):  
Reservoir Characterization ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Hydraulic Flow ◽  
Flow Units ◽  
Hydraulic Flow Units
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