Bacterial epigenetics opens door to novel frontier in Infection biology

The Nucleus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriradha Ganguli ◽  
Ranadhir Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Infection Biology

scholarly journals Sialic Acids as Receptors for Pathogens

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 831
Author(s):  
Patrycja Burzyńska ◽  
Łukasz F. Sobala ◽  
Krzysztof Mikołajczyk ◽  
Marlena Jodłowska ◽  
Ewa Jaśkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Sialic Acids ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Parasite Plasmodium ◽  
Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Infection Biology ◽  
Species Specific

Carbohydrates have long been known to mediate intracellular interactions, whether within one organism or between different organisms. Sialic acids (Sias) are carbohydrates that usually occupy the terminal positions in longer carbohydrate chains, which makes them common recognition targets mediating these interactions. In this review, we summarize the knowledge about animal disease-causing agents such as viruses, bacteria and protozoa (including the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum) in which Sias play a role in infection biology. While Sias may promote binding of, e.g., influenza viruses and SV40, they act as decoys for betacoronaviruses. The presence of two common forms of Sias, Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc, is species-specific, and in humans, the enzyme converting Neu5Ac to Neu5Gc (CMAH, CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase) is lost, most likely due to adaptation to pathogen regimes; we discuss the research about the influence of malaria on this trait. In addition, we present data suggesting the CMAH gene was probably present in the ancestor of animals, shedding light on its glycobiology. We predict that a better understanding of the role of Sias in disease vectors would lead to more effective clinical interventions.

scholarly journals mSphere of Influence: the Rise of Artificial Intelligence in Infection Biology

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Yakimovich
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Edge Label ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Colony Counting ◽  
Anthrax Spores ◽  
Infection Biology

ABSTRACT Artur Yakimovich works in the field of computational virology and applies machine learning algorithms to study host-pathogen interactions. In this mSphere of Influence article, he reflects on two papers “Holographic Deep Learning for Rapid Optical Screening of Anthrax Spores” by Jo et al. (Y. Jo, S. Park, J. Jung, J. Yoon, et al., Sci Adv 3:e1700606, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700606) and “Bacterial Colony Counting with Convolutional Neural Networks in Digital Microbiology Imaging” by Ferrari and colleagues (A. Ferrari, S. Lombardi, and A. Signoroni, Pattern Recognition 61:629–640, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2016.07.016). Here he discusses how these papers made an impact on him by showcasing that artificial intelligence algorithms can be equally applicable to both classical infection biology techniques and cutting-edge label-free imaging of pathogens.

Elie Metchnikoff's and Paul Ehrlich's impact on infection biology

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (14-15) ◽  
pp. 1417-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan H.E. Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Infection Biology

scholarly journals Long Non-Coding RNAs in Infection Biology

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Scaria ◽  
Ayesha Pasha
Keyword(s):  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Infection Biology

Use of differentiated primary human airway epithelial models to study SARS-CoV-2 infection biology and pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Wang ◽  
M Thaler ◽  
D K Ninaber ◽  
A M Van Der Does ◽  
N S Ogando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Human Airway ◽  
Infection Biology

scholarly journals Zebrafish as a Model for Fish Diseases in Aquaculture

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Louise von Gersdorff Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Transgenic Zebrafish ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Fish Diseases ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Infection Biology

The use of zebrafish as a model for human conditions is widely recognized. Within the last couple of decades, the zebrafish has furthermore increasingly been utilized as a model for diseases in aquacultured fish species. The unique tools available in zebrafish present advantages compared to other animal models and unprecedented in vivo imaging and the use of transgenic zebrafish lines have contributed with novel knowledge to this field. In this review, investigations conducted in zebrafish on economically important diseases in aquacultured fish species are included. Studies are summarized on bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases and described in relation to prophylactic approaches, immunology and infection biology. Considerable attention has been assigned to innate and adaptive immunological responses. Finally, advantages and drawbacks of using the zebrafish as a model for aquacultured fish species are discussed.

Infection biology and defence responses in sorghum againstColletotrichum sublineolum

2009 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Basavaraju ◽  
N.P. Shetty ◽  
H.S. Shetty ◽  
E. de Neergaard ◽  
H.J.L. Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Defence Responses ◽  
Infection Biology

scholarly journals Monkeypox Virus in Nigeria: Infection Biology, Epidemiology, and Evolution

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1257
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Alakunle ◽  
Ugo Moens ◽  
Godwin Nchinda ◽  
Malachy Ifeanyi Okeke
Keyword(s):  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gene Gain ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
Monkeypox Virus ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Infection Biology

Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), which is a member of orthopoxvirus genus. The reemergence of MPXV in 2017 (at Bayelsa state) after 39 years of no reported case in Nigeria, and the export of travelers’ monkeypox (MPX) from Nigeria to other parts of the world, in 2018 and 2019, respectively, have raised concern that MPXV may have emerged to occupy the ecological and immunological niche vacated by smallpox virus. This review X-rays the current state of knowledge pertaining the infection biology, epidemiology, and evolution of MPXV in Nigeria and worldwide, especially with regard to the human, cellular, and viral factors that modulate the virus transmission dynamics, infection, and its maintenance in nature. This paper also elucidates the role of recombination, gene loss and gene gain in MPXV evolution, chronicles the role of signaling in MPXV infection, and reviews the current therapeutic options available for the treatment and prevention of MPX. Additionally, genome-wide phylogenetic analysis was undertaken, and we show that MPXV isolates from recent 2017 outbreak in Nigeria were monophyletic with the isolate exported to Israel from Nigeria but do not share the most recent common ancestor with isolates obtained from earlier outbreaks, in 1971 and 1978, respectively. Finally, the review highlighted gaps in knowledge particularly the non-identification of a definitive reservoir host animal for MPXV and proposed future research endeavors to address the unresolved questions.

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