scholarly journals Review of Femtosecond-Laser-Inscribed Fiber Bragg Gratings: Fabrication Technologies and Sensing Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun He ◽  
Baijie Xu ◽  
Xizhen Xu ◽  
Changrui Liao ◽  
Yiping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
Phase Mask ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Compact Size

AbstractFiber Bragg grating (FBG) is the most widely used optical fiber sensor due to its compact size, high sensitivity, and easiness for multiplexing. Conventional FBGs fabricated by using an ultraviolet (UV) laser phase-mask method require the sensitization of the optical fiber and could not be used at high temperatures. Recently, the fabrication of FBGs by using a femtosecond laser has attracted extensive interests due to its excellent flexibility in creating FBGs array or special FBGs with complex spectra. The femtosecond laser could also be used for inscribing various FBGs on almost all fiber types, even fibers without any photosensitivity. Such femtosecond-laser-induced FBGs exhibit excellent thermal stability, which is suitable for sensing in harsh environment. In this review, we present the historical developments and recent advances in the fabrication technologies and sensing applications of femtosecond-laser-inscribed FBGs. Firstly, the mechanism of femtosecond-laser-induced material modification is introduced. And then, three different fabrication technologies, i.e., femtosecond laser phase mask technology, femtosecond laser holographic interferometry, and femtosecond laser direct writing technology, are discussed. Finally, the advances in high-temperature sensing applications and vector bending sensing applications of various femtosecond-laser-inscribed FBGs are summarized. Such femtosecond-laser-inscribed FBGs are promising in many industrial areas, such as aerospace vehicles, nuclear plants, oil and gas explorations, and advanced robotics in harsh environments.

Applied Research of Optical Fiber Sensor in Oil and Gas Pipe Corrosion Monitoring

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 020604 ◽  
Author(s):  
杨牧 Yang Mu ◽  
刘秀红 Liu Xiuhong ◽  
刘伟 Liu Wei ◽  
李再春 Li Zaichun
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
Fiber Sensor ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring

Fabrication of scattering source for an optical fiber sensor using femtosecond laser internal processing

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Chinen ◽  
Masahiko Shiraishi ◽  
Kenji Goya ◽  
Atsushi Seki ◽  
Kazuhiro Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
Fiber Sensor ◽  
Internal Processing

An Investigation of Optical Fiber Coating Performance in Embedded Sensing Applications

1989 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Haaksma ◽  
Marilyn J. Cehelnik ◽  
M. Jonell Kerkhoff
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Fiber Sensor ◽  
Sensor Systems ◽  
Coating Performance ◽  
Embedded Sensing ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Fiber Coatings

AbstractThe use of composite materials for aerospace applications has created an increased need for developing nondestructive methods for assessment of composite performance. Embedded optical fiber sensor technology provides the potential for monitoring parameters of interest during processing and testing of composite materials as well as the opportunity for tracking properties over the lifetime of composite parts in service. The successful development of this technology depends on designing optical fiber sensor systems suitable for embedding in composite structures.This paper focuses on the role played by optical fiber coatings in the design of embedded sensor systems. The performance of different optical fiber coatings under typical composite processing conditions will be discussed. Photomicrographs of test specimens containing embedded sensors will be presented which show delamination occurring at the coating/optical fiber interface in preference to the coating/epoxy resin interface. Coating performance criteria will be outlined for use in the selection of fiber optic sensors for composite applications.

Basic Strategy of Health Monitoring on Submarine Pipeline by Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Liang Jin ◽  
Jian-Wen Shao ◽  
En-Yong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
Fiber Sensor ◽  
Gas Transfer ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Submarine Pipeline ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
Distributed Optical Fiber

Submarine pipeline system is a main pattern in collection and transmission of offshore oil and gas, which sends oil and gas from offshore oil/gas field to land, and it plays an important role in the production of oil and gas. Because of the complicated and harsh condition in which pipeline system works, such as impulsion, corrosion and free-spanning vibration, failure of submarine pipeline system occurs occasionally, it causes oil leakage, environment pollution and economic losses. Health monitoring is a feasible and effective manner to ensure submarine pipeline safe and reliable during service, especially when all factors affecting pipeline failure are not still entirely realized or controlled. The basic strategy of a new real-time monitoring system for long distance submarine pipeline is introduced in this paper, which has the function of diagnosis and auto-alarm. In this system, a new distributed optical fiber sensor (DOFS), which uses optical time domain reflectometry theory based on Brillouin backscatter, is applied to monitor the strain and temperature along the pipeline. To be used for long distance submarine pipeline, this system applies Wavelength Division Multiplex (WDM) technology and series DOFSs in series so as to extend the measure scope for long distance submarine pipeline. By using signal processing system to analyze the outcome data of sensor, the strain along the pipeline can be obtained. If the strain reaches the alarm setting, the system will send out caution and meanwhile accurately give the damage position. The system can also analyses vibration frequency of pipeline, if free-spanning vibration occurs, caution will also be given, so that the operator can take some measures in time to avoid the failure of pipeline. In this paper, the makeup of distributed optical fiber sensor and developing principle are specified, system development, application and construction in engineering are analyzed as well. The brand new practical system can not only be used for submarine oil and gas pipeline but also for land oil and gas transfer system, city coal gas transfer system, electricity-transmission cable and so on. This system can be widely used in many prospects of other industries.

scholarly journals An Optical Fiber Sensor for Oriented Bending Based on Eccentric UV Exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1235-1239
Author(s):  
Dakuan Yu ◽  
Xueguang Qiao ◽  
Xiangyu Wang ◽  
Lisong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Sensor ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
Uv Exposure ◽  
Fiber Sensor ◽  
Fiber Structure ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Bending Loss ◽  
Cladding Mode

The optical fiber sensor for oriented bending based on eccentric UV exposure is fabricated. With the eccentric UV exposure on the ready-made Michelson interference fiber structure, the optical sensor gives the oriented bending characteristics by changing the radial circular symmetry of fiber cladding refractive indexes. The principle of the asymmetric process of the eccentric exposure to cladding mode are analyzed. The bending loss of the excited cladding mode in different radial directions is detected. The experimental results show that the Michelson interference has some oriented bending characteristics in the eccentric UV exposure process. There are different bending sensitivity in different radial directions. Furthermore, the bending sensitivity is higher on the exposed side and the curvature sensitivity is 5.5 dB·m. On the opposite side, the bending sensitivity is lower and the curvature sensitivity is -1.31 dB·m. With these oriented bending characteristics, the optical sensor can be applied to oil and gas exploration and development and to oriented seismic wave vector detection.

scholarly journals Ultrafast Laser Processing of Optical Fibers for Sensing Applications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1447
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Mihailov ◽  
Cyril Hnatovsky ◽  
Nurmemet Abdukerim ◽  
Robert B. Walker ◽  
Ping Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Fiber Bragg Gratings ◽  
Sensor Arrays ◽  
Bragg Gratings ◽  
Phase Mask ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensing ◽  
Fiber Gratings ◽  
Laser Writing ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Sensing Applications

A review of recent progress in the use of infrared femtosecond lasers to fabricate optical fiber sensors that incorporate fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) and random fiber gratings (RFG) is presented. The important advancements in femtosecond laser writing based on the phase mask technique now allow through-the-coating (TTC) fabrication of Bragg gratings in ultra-thin fiber filaments, tilted fiber Bragg gratings, and 1000 °C-resistant fiber Bragg gratings with very strong cladding modes. As an example, through-the-coating femtosecond laser writing is used to manufacture distributed fiber Bragg grating sensor arrays for oil pipeline leak detection. The plane-by-plane femtosecond laser writing technique used for the inscription of random fiber gratings is also reviewed and novel applications of the resultant devices in distributed temperature sensing, fiber lasers and fiber laser sensors are discussed.

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