RNA-seq analysis of phagocytic cells from murine epididymal white adipose tissue shows immunosenescence and age-related phosphorus metabolism

Human Cell ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Nwadiugwu
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Epididymal White Adipose Tissue

White Adipose Tissue Depots in GHR−/− Mice: Age-Related Changes in Comparison to Wild-Type Controls

2011 ◽  
pp. P2-351-P2-351
Author(s):  
Lucila Sackmann Sala ◽  
Clare B Vesel ◽  
Ellen R Lubbers ◽  
Rachel D Munn ◽  
Katie M Troike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Adipose Tissue Depots ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals Effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphate phosphatase within toluene-permeabilized mitochondria

1987 ◽  
Vol 241 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Midgley ◽  
G A Rutter ◽  
A P Thomas ◽  
R M Denton
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Epididymal White Adipose Tissue

Mitochondria from rat epididymal white adipose tissue were made permeable to small molecules by toluene treatment and were used to investigate the effects of Mg2+ and Ca2+ on the re-activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphate by endogenous phosphatase. Re-activation of fully phosphorylated enzyme after addition of 0.18 mM-Mg2+ showed a marked lag of 5-10 min before a maximum rate of reactivation was achieved. Increasing the Mg2+ concentration to 1.8 mM (near saturating) or the addition of 100 microM-Ca2+ resulted in loss of the lag phase, which was also greatly diminished if pyruvate dehydrogenase was not fully phosphorylated. It is concluded that, within intact mitochondria, phosphatase activity is highly sensitive to the degree of phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase and that the major effect of Ca2+ may be to overcome the inhibitory effects of sites 2 and 3 on the dephosphorylation of site 1. Apparent K0.5 values for Mg2+ and Ca2+ were determined from the increases in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity observed after 5 min. The K0.5 for Mg2+ was diminished from 0.60 mM at less than 1 nM-Ca2+ to 0.32 mM at 100 microM-Ca2+; at 0.18 mM-Mg2+, the K0.5 for Ca2+ was 0.40 microM. Ca2+ had little or no effect at saturating Mg2+ concentrations. Since effects of Ca2+ are readily observed in intact coupled mitochondria, it follows that Mg2+ concentrations within mitochondria are sub-saturating for pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphate phosphatase and hence less than 0.5 mM.

scholarly journals Metformin induces oxidative stress in white adipocytes and raises uncoupling protein 2 levels

2008 ◽  
Vol 199 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Anedda ◽  
Eduardo Rial ◽  
M Mar González-Barroso
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
White Adipocytes ◽  
Epididymal White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

Metformin is a drug widely used to treat type 2 diabetes. It enhances insulin sensitivity by improving glucose utilization in tissues like liver or muscle. Metformin inhibits respiration, and the decrease in cellular energy activates the AMP-activated protein kinase that in turn switches on catabolic pathways. Moreover, metformin increases lipolysis and β-oxidation in white adipose tissue, thereby reducing the triglyceride stores. The uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are transporters that lower the efficiency of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. UCP2 is thought to protect against oxidative stress although, alternatively, it could play an energy dissipation role. The aim of this work was to analyse the involvement of UCP2 on the effects of metformin in white adipocytes. We studied the effect of this drug in differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes and found that metformin causes oxidative stress since it increases the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lowers the aconitase activity. Variations in UCP2 protein levels parallel those of ROS. Metformin also increases lipolysis in these cells although only when the levels of ROS and UCP2 have decreased. Hence, UCP2 does not appear to be needed to facilitate fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, treatment of C57BL/6 mice with metformin also augmented the levels of UCP2 in epididymal white adipose tissue. We conclude that metformin treatment leads to the overexpression of UCP2 in adipocytes to minimize the oxidative stress that is probably due to the inhibition of respiration caused by the drug.

scholarly journals The SCN Clock Governs Circadian Transcription Rhythms in Murine Epididymal White Adipose Tissue

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isa Kolbe ◽  
Jana Husse ◽  
Gabriela Salinas ◽  
Thomas Lingner ◽  
Mariana Astiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Whole Genome Microarray ◽  
Peripheral Clocks ◽  
Epididymal White Adipose Tissue ◽  
External Time

The circadian master pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) orchestrates peripheral clocks in various organs and synchronizes them with external time, including those in adipose tissue, which displays circadian oscillations in various metabolic and endocrine outputs. Because our knowledge about the instructive role of the SCN clock on peripheral tissue function is based mainly on SCN lesion studies, we here used an alternative strategy employing the Cre/ loxP system to functionally delete the SCN clock in mice. We performed whole-genome microarray hybridizations of murine epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) RNA preparations to characterize the role of the SCN clock in eWAT circadian transcriptome regulation. Most of the rhythmic transcripts in control animals were not rhythmic in SCN mutants, but a significant number of transcripts were rhythmic only in mutant eWAT. Core clock genes were rhythmic in both groups, but as was reported before for other tissues, rhythms were dampened and phase advanced in mutant animals. In SCN-mutant mice, eWAT lost the rhythm of metabolic pathway–related transcripts, while transcripts gaining rhythms in SCN-mutant mice were associated with various immune functions. These data reveal a complex interaction of SCN-derived and local circadian signals in the regulation of adipose transcriptome programs.

scholarly journals Mutation yellow in agouti loci prevents age-related increase of skeletal muscle genes regulating free fatty acids oxidation

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. V. Piskunova ◽  
A. Y. Kazantceva ◽  
A. V. Baklanov ◽  
N. M. Bazhan
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Ay Mice

The lethal yellow mutation in agouti loci (Ay mutation) reduces the activity of melanocortin (MC) receptors and causes hyperphagia, obesity and type two diabetes mellitus in aging mice (Ay mice). It is unknown if changes in distinct elements of the metabolic system such as white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), and skeletal muscle will manifest before the development of obesity. The aim of this work was to measure the relative gene expression of key proteins that regulate carbohydrate-lipid metabolism in WAT, BAT and skeletal muscle in Ay mice before the development of obesity. C57Bl/6J mice bearing a dominant autosomal mutation Ay (Ay /a mice) and mice of the standard genotype (a/a mice, control) have been studied in three age groups: 10, 15 and 30 weeks. The relative mRNA level of genes was measured by real-time PCR in skeletal muscles (uncoupling protein 3 (Ucp3) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1b (Cpt1b) (free fatty acids oxidation), solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4 (Slc2a4) (glucose uptake)), in WAT lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) (triglyceride deposition), hormone-sensitive lipase (Lipe) (lipid mobilization), and Slc2a4 (glucose uptake)), and in BAT: uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) (energy expenditure). The expression of Cpt1b was reduced in young Ay mice (10 weeks), there was no transient peak of transcription of Cpt1b, Ucp3 in skeletal muscle tissue and Lipe, Slc2a4 in WAT in early adult Ay mice (15 weeks), which was noted in а/а mice. Reduction of the transcriptional activity of the studied genes in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue can initiate the development of melanocortin obesity in Ay mice.

scholarly journals Using RNA-Seq to Identify Reference Genes of the Transition from Brown to White Adipose Tissue in Goats

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1626
Author(s):  
Linjie Wang ◽  
Xingyue Chen ◽  
Tianzeng Song ◽  
Xujia Zhang ◽  
Siyuan Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Gene Normalization ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Study Gene Expression

Brown adipose tissues have unique non-shivering thermogenesis functions, can be found in newborn ruminate animals, and then are gradually replaced by white adipose tissues in adulthood. For the purpose of exploring the intrinsic mechanism underlying the conversion process from brown (BAT) to white adipose tissue (WAT), it is necessary to utilize Quantitative PCR (qPCR) to study gene expression profiling. In this study, we identified reference genes that were consistently expressed during the transformation from goat BAT to WAT using RNA-seq data. Then, twelve genes were evaluated as candidate reference genes for qPCR in goat perirenal adipose tissue using three tools (geNorm, Normfinder, and BestKeeper). In addition, the selected reference genes were used to normalize the gene expression of PGC-1α and GPAT4. It was found that traditional reference genes, such as GAPDH, RPLP0, HPRT1, and PPIA were not suitable for target gene normalization. In contrast, CTNNB, PFDN5, and EIF3M, selected from RNA sequencing data, showed the least variation and were recommended as the best reference genes during the transformation from BAT to WAT.

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