Obesity not associated with severity among hospitalized adults with seasonal influenza virus infection

Infection ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise S. Braun ◽  
Forrest W. Crawford ◽  
Mayur M. Desai ◽  
James Meek ◽  
Pam Daily Kirley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection

scholarly journals Phase III Randomized, Double-Blind Study Comparing Single-Dose Intravenous Peramivir with Oral Oseltamivir in Patients with Seasonal Influenza Virus Infection

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 5267-5276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Kohno ◽  
Muh-Yong Yen ◽  
Hee-Jin Cheong ◽  
Nobuo Hirotsu ◽  
Tadashi Ishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind

ABSTRACTAntiviral medications with activity against influenza viruses are important in controlling influenza. We compared intravenous peramivir, a potent neuraminidase inhibitor, with oseltamivir in patients with seasonal influenza virus infection. In a multinational, multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy randomized controlled study, patients aged ≥20 years with influenza A or B virus infection were randomly assigned to receive either a single intravenous infusion of peramivir (300 or 600 mg) or oral administration of oseltamivir (75 mg twice a day [b.i.d.] for 5 days). To demonstrate the noninferiority of peramivir in reducing the time to alleviation of influenza symptoms with hazard model analysis and a noninferiority margin of 0.170, we planned to recruit 1,050 patients in South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan. A total of 1,091 patients (364 receiving 300 mg and 362 receiving 600 mg of peramivir; 365 receiving oseltamivir) were included in the intent-to-treat infected population. The median durations of influenza symptoms were 78.0, 81.0, and 81.8 h in the groups treated with 300 mg of peramivir, 600 mg of peramivir, and oseltamivir, respectively. The hazard ratios of the 300- and 600-mg-peramivir groups compared to the oseltamivir group were 0.946 (97.5% confidence interval [CI], 0.793, 1.129) and 0.970 (97.5% CI, 0.814, 1.157), respectively. Both peramivir groups were noninferior to the oseltamivir group (97.5% CI, <1.170). The overall incidence of adverse drug reactions was significantly lower in the 300-mg-peramivir group, but the incidence of severe reactions in either peramivir group was not different from that in the oseltamivir group. Thus, a single intravenous dose of peramivir may be an alternative to a 5-day oral dose of oseltamivir for patients with seasonal influenza virus infection.

Inhibitory effects of carbocisteine on type A seasonal influenza virus infection in human airway epithelial cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (2) ◽  
pp. L160-L168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutsuo Yamaya ◽  
Hidekazu Nishimura ◽  
Kyoko Shinya ◽  
Yukimasa Hatachi ◽  
Takahiko Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Airway Epithelial Cells ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Human Influenza Virus

Type A human seasonal influenza (FluA) virus infection causes exacerbations of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). l-carbocisteine, a mucolytic agent, reduces the frequency of common colds and exacerbations in COPD. However, the inhibitory effects of l-carbocisteine on FluA virus infection are uncertain. We studied the effects of l-carbocisteine on FluA virus infection in airway epithelial cells. Human tracheal epithelial cells were pretreated with l-carbocisteine and infected with FluA virus (H3N2). Viral titers in supernatant fluids, RNA of FluA virus in the cells, and concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in supernatant fluids, including IL-6, increased with time after infection. l-carbocisteine reduced viral titers in supernatant fluids, RNA of FluA virus in the cells, the susceptibility to FluA virus infection, and concentrations of cytokines induced by virus infection. The epithelial cells expressed sialic acid with an α2,6-linkage (SAα2,6Gal), a receptor for human influenza virus on the cells, and l-carbocisteine reduced the expression of SAα2,6Gal. l-carbocisteine reduced the number of acidic endosomes from which FluA viral RNA enters into the cytoplasm and reduced the fluorescence intensity from acidic endosomes. Furthermore, l-carbocisteine reduced NF-κB proteins including p50 and p65 in the nuclear extracts of the cells. These findings suggest that l-carbocisteine may inhibit FluA virus infection, partly through the reduced expression of the receptor for human influenza virus in the human airway epithelial cells via the inhibition of NF-κB and through increasing pH in endosomes. l-carbocisteine may reduce airway inflammation in influenza virus infection.

scholarly journals Case of seasonal reassortant A(H1N2) influenza virus infection, the Netherlands, March 2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Meijer ◽  
Corien M Swaan ◽  
Martin Voerknecht ◽  
Edin Jusic ◽  
Sharon van den Brink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza Like Illness

A seasonal reassortant A(H1N2) influenza virus harbouring genome segments from seasonal influenza viruses A(H1N1)pdm09 (HA and NS) and A(H3N2) (PB2, PB1, PA, NP, NA and M) was identified in March 2018 in a 19-months-old patient with influenza-like illness (ILI) who presented to a general practitioner participating in the routine sentinel surveillance of ILI in the Netherlands. The patient recovered fully. Further epidemiological and virological investigation did not reveal additional cases.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Peramivir for Treatment of Seasonal Influenza Virus Infection

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 4568-4574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Kohno ◽  
Hiroshi Kida ◽  
Masashi Mizuguchi ◽  
Jingoro Shimada
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Intravenous Dose ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Single Intravenous Dose ◽  
Serious Adverse Events

ABSTRACT Peramivir, a sialic acid analogue, is a selective inhibitor of neuraminidases produced by influenza A and B viruses. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of a single intravenous dose of peramivir in outpatients with uncomplicated seasonal influenza virus infection. A total of 300 previously healthy adult subjects aged 20 to 64 years with a positive influenza virus rapid antigen test were recruited within 48 h of the onset of influenza symptoms and randomized to three groups: single intravenous infusion of either 300 mg peramivir per kg of body weight, 600 mg peramivir, or matching placebo on study day 1. Influenza symptoms and body temperature were self-assessed for 14 days. Nasal and pharyngeal swabs were collected to determine the viral titer. The primary endpoint was the time to alleviation of symptoms. Of the 300 subjects, 296 were included in the intent-to-treat infected population (300 mg peramivir, n = 99; 600 mg peramivir, n = 97; and placebo, n = 100). Peramivir significantly reduced the time to alleviation of symptoms at both 300 mg (hazard ratio, 0.681) and 600 mg (hazard ratio, 0.666) compared with placebo (adjusted P value, 0.0092 for both comparisons). No serious adverse events were reported. Peramivir was well tolerated, and its adverse-event profile was similar to that of placebo. A single intravenous dose of peramivir is effective and well tolerated in subjects with uncomplicated seasonal influenza virus infection.

scholarly journals Influenza and Bacterial Superinfection: Illuminating the Immunologic Mechanisms of Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 3764-3770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Rynda-Apple ◽  
Keven M. Robinson ◽  
John F. Alcorn
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Severe Influenza ◽  
Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Superinfection

Seasonal influenza virus infection presents a major strain on the health care system. Influenza virus infection has pandemic potential, which was repeatedly observed during the last century. Severe disease may occur in the young, in the elderly, in those with preexisting lung disease, and in previously healthy individuals. A common cause of severe influenza pathogenesis is superinfection with bacterial pathogens, namely,Staphylococcus aureusandStreptococcus pneumoniae. A great deal of recent research has focused on the immune pathways involved in influenza-induced susceptibility to secondary bacterial pneumonia. Both innate and adaptive antibacterial host defenses are impaired in the context of preceding influenza virus infection. The goal of this minireview is to highlight these findings and synthesize these data into a shared central theme of pathogenesis.

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