scholarly journals Seasonal influenza virus infection among unvaccinated pregnant women in Lagos, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 368 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Anjorin ◽  
A.O.B. Oyefolu ◽  
S.A. Omilabu
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection

Impact of influenza virus during pregnancy: from disease severity to vaccine efficacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 441-453
Author(s):  
Ana Vazquez-Pagan ◽  
Rebekah Honce ◽  
Stacey Schultz-Cherry
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Severe Influenza ◽  
The Impact

Pregnant women are among the individuals at the highest risk for severe influenza virus infection. Infection of the mother during pregnancy increases the probability of adverse fetal outcomes such as small for gestational age, preterm birth and fetal death. Animal models of syngeneic and allogeneic mating can recapitulate the increased disease severity observed in pregnant women and are used to define the mechanism(s) of that increased severity. This review focuses on influenza A virus pathogenesis, the unique immunological landscape during pregnancy, the impact of maternal influenza virus infection on the fetus and the immune responses at the maternal–fetal interface. Finally, we summarize the importance of immunization and antiviral treatment in this population and highlight issues that warrant further investigation.

scholarly journals Phase III Randomized, Double-Blind Study Comparing Single-Dose Intravenous Peramivir with Oral Oseltamivir in Patients with Seasonal Influenza Virus Infection

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 5267-5276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Kohno ◽  
Muh-Yong Yen ◽  
Hee-Jin Cheong ◽  
Nobuo Hirotsu ◽  
Tadashi Ishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind

ABSTRACTAntiviral medications with activity against influenza viruses are important in controlling influenza. We compared intravenous peramivir, a potent neuraminidase inhibitor, with oseltamivir in patients with seasonal influenza virus infection. In a multinational, multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy randomized controlled study, patients aged ≥20 years with influenza A or B virus infection were randomly assigned to receive either a single intravenous infusion of peramivir (300 or 600 mg) or oral administration of oseltamivir (75 mg twice a day [b.i.d.] for 5 days). To demonstrate the noninferiority of peramivir in reducing the time to alleviation of influenza symptoms with hazard model analysis and a noninferiority margin of 0.170, we planned to recruit 1,050 patients in South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan. A total of 1,091 patients (364 receiving 300 mg and 362 receiving 600 mg of peramivir; 365 receiving oseltamivir) were included in the intent-to-treat infected population. The median durations of influenza symptoms were 78.0, 81.0, and 81.8 h in the groups treated with 300 mg of peramivir, 600 mg of peramivir, and oseltamivir, respectively. The hazard ratios of the 300- and 600-mg-peramivir groups compared to the oseltamivir group were 0.946 (97.5% confidence interval [CI], 0.793, 1.129) and 0.970 (97.5% CI, 0.814, 1.157), respectively. Both peramivir groups were noninferior to the oseltamivir group (97.5% CI, <1.170). The overall incidence of adverse drug reactions was significantly lower in the 300-mg-peramivir group, but the incidence of severe reactions in either peramivir group was not different from that in the oseltamivir group. Thus, a single intravenous dose of peramivir may be an alternative to a 5-day oral dose of oseltamivir for patients with seasonal influenza virus infection.

Inhibitory effects of carbocisteine on type A seasonal influenza virus infection in human airway epithelial cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (2) ◽  
pp. L160-L168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutsuo Yamaya ◽  
Hidekazu Nishimura ◽  
Kyoko Shinya ◽  
Yukimasa Hatachi ◽  
Takahiko Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Airway Epithelial Cells ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Human Influenza Virus

Type A human seasonal influenza (FluA) virus infection causes exacerbations of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). l-carbocisteine, a mucolytic agent, reduces the frequency of common colds and exacerbations in COPD. However, the inhibitory effects of l-carbocisteine on FluA virus infection are uncertain. We studied the effects of l-carbocisteine on FluA virus infection in airway epithelial cells. Human tracheal epithelial cells were pretreated with l-carbocisteine and infected with FluA virus (H3N2). Viral titers in supernatant fluids, RNA of FluA virus in the cells, and concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in supernatant fluids, including IL-6, increased with time after infection. l-carbocisteine reduced viral titers in supernatant fluids, RNA of FluA virus in the cells, the susceptibility to FluA virus infection, and concentrations of cytokines induced by virus infection. The epithelial cells expressed sialic acid with an α2,6-linkage (SAα2,6Gal), a receptor for human influenza virus on the cells, and l-carbocisteine reduced the expression of SAα2,6Gal. l-carbocisteine reduced the number of acidic endosomes from which FluA viral RNA enters into the cytoplasm and reduced the fluorescence intensity from acidic endosomes. Furthermore, l-carbocisteine reduced NF-κB proteins including p50 and p65 in the nuclear extracts of the cells. These findings suggest that l-carbocisteine may inhibit FluA virus infection, partly through the reduced expression of the receptor for human influenza virus in the human airway epithelial cells via the inhibition of NF-κB and through increasing pH in endosomes. l-carbocisteine may reduce airway inflammation in influenza virus infection.

scholarly journals Estimating Vaccine Effectiveness Against Hospitalized Influenza During Pregnancy: Multicountry Protocol for a Retrospective Cohort Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison L Naleway ◽  
Sarah Ball ◽  
Jeffrey C Kwong ◽  
Brandy E Wyant ◽  
Mark A Katz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness

BACKGROUND Although pregnant women are believed to have elevated risks of severe influenza infection and are targeted for influenza vaccination, no study to date has examined influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations during pregnancy, primarily because this outcome poses many methodological challenges. OBJECTIVE The Pregnancy Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (PREVENT) was formed in 2016 as an international collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Abt Associates; and study sites in Australia, Canada, Israel, and the United States. The primary goal of this collaboration is to estimate IVE in preventing acute respiratory or febrile illness (ARFI) hospitalizations associated with laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infection during pregnancy. Secondary aims include (1) describing the incidence, clinical course, and severity of influenza-associated ARFI hospitalization during pregnancy; (2) comparing the characteristics of ARFI-hospitalized pregnant women who were tested for influenza with those who were not tested; (3) describing influenza vaccination coverage in pregnant women; and (4) comparing birth outcomes among women with laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalization versus other noninfluenza ARFI hospitalizations. METHODS For an initial assessment of IVE, sites identified a retrospective cohort of pregnant women aged from 18 to 50 years whose pregnancies overlapped with local influenza seasons from 2010 to 2016. Pregnancies were defined as those that ended in a live birth or stillbirth of at least 20 weeks gestation. The analytic sample for the primary IVE analysis was restricted to pregnant women who were hospitalized for ARFI during site-specific influenza seasons and clinically tested for influenza virus infection using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We identified approximately 2 million women whose pregnancies overlapped with influenza seasons; 550,344 had at least one hospitalization during this time. After restricting to women who were hospitalized for ARFI and tested for influenza, the IVE analytic sample included 1005 women. CONCLUSIONS In addition to addressing the primary question about the effectiveness of influenza vaccination, PREVENT data will address other important knowledge gaps including understanding the incidence, clinical course, and severity of influenza-related hospitalizations during pregnancy. The data infrastructure and international partnerships created for these analyses may be useful and informative for future influenza studies. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR DERR1-10.2196/11333

Obesity not associated with severity among hospitalized adults with seasonal influenza virus infection

Infection ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise S. Braun ◽  
Forrest W. Crawford ◽  
Mayur M. Desai ◽  
James Meek ◽  
Pam Daily Kirley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection

scholarly journals Results of a pilot study using self‐collected mid‐turbinate nasal swabs for detection of influenza virus infection among pregnant women

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. Thompson ◽  
Jeannette R. Ferber ◽  
Roxana Odouli ◽  
Donna David ◽  
Pat Shifflett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Nasal Swabs

scholarly journals Case of seasonal reassortant A(H1N2) influenza virus infection, the Netherlands, March 2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Meijer ◽  
Corien M Swaan ◽  
Martin Voerknecht ◽  
Edin Jusic ◽  
Sharon van den Brink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza Like Illness

A seasonal reassortant A(H1N2) influenza virus harbouring genome segments from seasonal influenza viruses A(H1N1)pdm09 (HA and NS) and A(H3N2) (PB2, PB1, PA, NP, NA and M) was identified in March 2018 in a 19-months-old patient with influenza-like illness (ILI) who presented to a general practitioner participating in the routine sentinel surveillance of ILI in the Netherlands. The patient recovered fully. Further epidemiological and virological investigation did not reveal additional cases.

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