scholarly journals Excellence in medical training: developing talent—not sorting it

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurpreet Dhaliwal ◽  
Karen E. Hauer
Keyword(s):  
Medical Training ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
New Model ◽  
Achievement Growth ◽  
Medical Licensing ◽  
Multiple Domains ◽  
Learning Schools ◽  
Teacher Excellence ◽  
Honor Society

AbstractMany medical schools have reconsidered or eliminated clerkship grades and honor society memberships. National testing organizations announced plans to eliminate numerical scoring for the United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 in favor of pass/fail results. These changes have led some faculty to wonder: “How will we recognize and reward excellence?” Excellence in undergraduate medical education has long been defined by high grades, top test scores, honor society memberships, and publication records. However, this model of learner excellence is misaligned with how students learn or what society values. This accolade-driven view of excellence is perpetuated by assessments that are based on gestalt impressions influenced by similarity between evaluators and students, and assessments that are often restricted to a limited number of traditional skill domains. To achieve a new model of learner excellence that values the trainee’s achievement, growth, and responsiveness to feedback across multiple domains, we must envision a new model of teacher excellence. Such teachers would have a growth mindset toward assessing competencies and learning new competencies. Actualizing true learner excellence will require teachers to change from evaluators who conduct assessments of learning to coaches who do assessment for learning. Schools will also need to establish policies and structures that foster a culture that supports this change. In this new paradigm, a teacher’s core duty is to develop talent rather than sort it.

Didactic education in paediatric cardiology during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national fellow survey

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Madhusudan Ganigara ◽  
Chetan Sharma ◽  
Fernando Molina Berganza ◽  
Krittika Joshi ◽  
Andrew D. Blaufox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Paediatric Cardiology ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a profound impact on medical educational curricula. We aimed to examine the impact of these unprecedented changes on the formal education of paediatric cardiology fellows through a nationwide survey. A REDCap™-based voluntary anonymous survey was sent to all current paediatric cardiology fellows in the United States of America in May, 2020. Of 143 respondents, 121 were categorical fellows, representing over one-fourth of all categorical paediatric cardiology fellows in the United States of America. Nearly all (140/143, 97.9%) respondents utilised online learning during the pandemic, with 134 (93.7%) reporting an increase in use compared to pre-pandemic. The percentage of respondents reporting curriculum supplementation with outside lectures increased from 11.9 to 88.8% during the pandemic. Respondents considered online learning to be “equally or more effective” than in-person lectures in convenience (133/142, 93.7%), improving fellow attendance (132/142, 93.0%), improving non-fellow attendance (126/143, 88.1%), and meeting individual learning needs (101/143, 70.6%). The pandemic positively affected the lecture curriculum of 83 respondents (58.0%), with 35 (24.5%) reporting no change and 25 (17.5%) reporting a negative effect. A positive effect was most noted by those whose programmes utilised supplemental outside lectures (62.2 versus 25.0%, p = 0.004) and those whose lecture frequency did not decrease (65.1 versus 5.9%, p < 0.001). Restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic have greatly increased utilisation of online learning platforms by medical training programmes. This survey reveals that an online lecture curriculum, despite inherent obstacles, offers advantages that may mitigate some negative consequences of the pandemic on fellowship education.

Embracing Four Tensions in Human-Computer Interaction Research with Marginalized People

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-47
Author(s):  
Calvin A. Liang ◽  
Sean A. Munson ◽  
Julie A. Kientz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Interaction Research ◽  
Oriented Approach ◽  
Computer Interaction

Human-computer interaction has a long history of working with marginalized people. We sought to understand how HCI researchers navigate work that engages with marginalized people and considerations researchers might work through to expand benefits and mitigate potential harms. In total, 24 HCI researchers, located primarily in the United States, participated in an interview, survey, or both. Through a reflexive thematic analysis, we identified four tensions—exploitation, membership, disclosure, and allyship. We explore the complexity involved in each, demonstrating that an equitable endpoint may not be possible, but this work is still worth pursuing when researchers make certain considerations. We emphasize that researchers who work with marginalized people should account for each tension in their research approaches to move forward. Finally, we propose an allyship-oriented approach to research that draws inspiration from discourse occurring in tangential fields and activist spaces and pushes the field into a new paradigm of research with marginalized people.

A New Paradigm for Ship Design Calculations

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Hollister
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Graphical User Interface ◽  
Ship Design ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
New Model ◽  
Analysis Tools ◽  
Cross Platform ◽  
Open Code ◽  
Design Calculations ◽  
Interactive Graphical User Interface

A new model for ship design calculations is presented that separates the graphical user interface (GUI) from the calculations (CALC). Design programs can now be defined as more than one interactive graphical user interface tied to one calculation. Several different GUIs can be created for one CALC engine and one GUI can be created to launch several CALC engines in sequence. The GUI of choice is a spreadsheet due to its availability, programmable customization, powerful analysis tools, cross-platform capability, and open code environment.

A Natural-Language-Processing-Based Procedure for Generating Distractors for Multiple-Choice Questions

2021 ◽  
pp. 016327872110469
Author(s):  
Peter Baldwin ◽  
Janet Mee ◽  
Victoria Yaneva ◽  
Miguel Paniagua ◽  
Jean D’Angelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Incorrect Response ◽  
The United States ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Medical Licensing

One of the most challenging aspects of writing multiple-choice test questions is identifying plausible incorrect response options—i.e., distractors. To help with this task, a procedure is introduced that can mine existing item banks for potential distractors by considering the similarities between a new item’s stem and answer and the stems and response options for items in the bank. This approach uses natural language processing to measure similarity and requires a substantial pool of items for constructing the generating model. The procedure is demonstrated with data from the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE®). For about half the items in the study, at least one of the top three system-produced candidates matched a human-produced distractor exactly; and for about one quarter of the items, two of the top three candidates matched human-produced distractors. A study was conducted in which a sample of system-produced candidates were shown to 10 experienced item writers. Overall, participants thought about 81% of the candidates were on topic and 56% would help human item writers with the task of writing distractors.

Obama's Legacy on Israel/Palestine

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Ruebner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Solution ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
The U.S

This retrospective assessment argues that despite the arrival in office in 2009 of a president who articulated the case for Palestinian rights more strongly and eloquently than any of his predecessors, U.S. official policy in the Obama years skewed heavily in favor of Israel. While a negotiated two-state resolution of the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians continued to be the formal goal of the United States, Israel's defiant refusal to stop settlement expansion, the administration's determined actions to perpetuate Israeli impunity in international fora, as well as the U.S. taxpayer's hefty subsidy of the Israeli military machine all ensured that no progress could be made on that score. The author predicts that with all hopes of a negotiated two-state solution now shattered, Obama's successor will have to contend with an entirely new paradigm, thanks in no small part to the gathering momentum of the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement.

scholarly journals Central banking, protectionism and globalization

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (s1) ◽  
pp. 121-140
Author(s):  
Jacob A. Frenkel
Keyword(s):  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central Banking ◽  
Policy Response ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Macroeconomic Theory

The recent global financial crisis has resulted in a new creative set of economic policies. The justifi- cation for the unconventional policy response was based on the implicit assumption that the departure from the norms of macroeconomic policies would be temporary. This detour has lasted longer than expected. Now that the process of normalization has started in the United States and is likely to be followed (albeit in some delay) in Europe, it would be important for policy makers to emphasize that the unconventional set of economic policies were just a detour from the longstanding convention rather than representing a new paradigm. The experience of the crisis and the post-crises years should be recorded in history as refl ecting a period during which new and important policy chapters were drafted. These chapters should be added to the corpus of knowledge of macroeconomic theory and policy. The new chapters contain important lessons that should definitely not be forgotten once the crisis is over. They should be added to, but not replace, the old textbooks.

scholarly journals A new paradigm of human rights in the context of the global threats development

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Georgy Borisovich Romanovsky ◽  
Olga Valentinovna Romanovskaya ◽  
Vladislav Georgievich Romanovsky ◽  
Anastasia Andreevna Ryzhova ◽  
Olga Aleksandrovna Ryzhova
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
Biomedical Technologies ◽  
The Right

The purpose of the research is to formulate the general guidelines for the transformation of human rights as a result of global threats. The methodological framework was the methods of comparative legal research, which showed the general trends in the development of the human rights legislation under the influence of global threats. By the example of the responses of states to the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, it is shown how legislative innovations expanding the powers of law enforcement agencies and special services have led to the revision of the content of such basic human rights as the right to privacy and/or the right to personal inviolability. Highlighted is the concept of the “war on terror” (formulated by the United States President in 2001), which allows terrorists to be treated as representatives of a belligerent but without providing any international guarantees enshrined in the provisions of the international humanitarian law. The consequences of the introduction of biomedical technologies, that are aggressive towards humans, are presented, namely the creation of chimeric organisms that contribute to blurring the interspecific boundaries; creation of a genetically modified organism – human embryo; the development of an artificial uterus capable of bearing a human fetus practically from the time the male and female reproductive cells join. The results consist in the identified trends in the development of legal institutions, such as the formulation of new human rights often replacing or distorting the content of basic recognised human rights enshrined in the key international documents and constitutions of the countries of the world; bypassing the legal prohibitions established over the past decades by introducing relativism and assessing any situation from the point of view of the conditions for its occurrence. The novelty of the research lies in the authors’ position and is formulated as follows: the modern system of human rights is facing a serious crisis. Failure to effectively respond to symbolic challenges and threats is one of the factors necessitating the need for monitoring many regulatory documents. But a significant reason for the backlash also lies in the fact that we are at the turn of an era when technology shows humanity the possibility of correcting the very nature of Homo sapiens.

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