Vikrant Narayan Vasudeva: Open Source Software and Intellectual Property Rights

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-257
Author(s):  
Christof Karl
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Open Source Software

scholarly journals Open Source Seeds and the Revitalization of Local Knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12270
Author(s):  
Martin Fredriksson
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Collective Knowledge ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Information Politics

This article engages with the resistance against the global erosion of seed diversity following the modernization and industrialization of agriculture over the 20th century. This resistance spans from local farming communities that preserve and safeguard traditional landraces to international movements which oppose proprietary seed regulations and promote free sharing of seeds. The article focuses on the latter and presents a study of the open source seed movement: an initiative to apply strategies from the open source software movement to ensure the free circulation of seeds. The erosion of seed diversity can be seen not only as a loss of genetic diversity but also a memory loss where traditional, collective knowledge about how to grow certain landraces is forgotten. Consequently, the open source seed movement is not only about saving seeds but also about preserving and revitalizing local and traditional ecological knowledge against privatization and enclosure through intellectual property rights. The aim of this article is, thus, to analyze the open source seed movement as an act of revitalization in relation to intellectual property rights and in the context of information politics.

Open Source Intellectual Property Rights

2011 ◽  
pp. 785-790
Author(s):  
Stewart T. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
World Wide Web ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Source Code ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The World

The open source software movement exists as a loose collection of individuals, organizations, and philosophies roughly grouped under the intent of making software source code as widely available as possible (Raymond, 1998). While the movement as such can trace its roots back more than 30 years to the development of academic software, the Internet, the World Wide Web, and so forth, the popularization of the movement grew significantly from the mid-80s (Naughton, 2000).

Intellectual Property Rights in Open Source Software Communities

2011 ◽  
pp. 285-290
Author(s):  
Chitu Okoli ◽  
Kevin Carillo
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
Software Development Model

Intellectual property is an old concept, with the first recorded instances of patents (1449) and copyrights (1662) both occurring in England (“Intellectual property”, Wikipedia, 2004). The first piece of software was submitted for copyright to the United States Copyright Office in 1961, and was accepted as copyrightable under existing copyright law (Hollaar, 2002). The open source movement has relied upon controversial intellectual property rights that are rooted in the overall history of software development (Lerner & Tirole, 2002; von Hippel & von Krogh, 2003). By defining specific legal mechanisms and designing various software licenses, the open source phenomenon has successfully proposed an alternative software development model whose approach to the concept of intellectual property is quite different from that taken by traditional proprietary software. A separate article in this encyclopedia treats open source software communities in general as a type of virtual community. This article takes a historical approach to examining how the intellectual property rights that have protected free/open source software have contributed towards the formation and evolution of virtual communities whose central focus is software projects based on the open source model.

scholarly journals Creative industries and the IPR dilemma between appropriation and creation: some insights from the videogame and music industries

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Bach1 ◽  
Patrick Cohendet2 ◽  
Julien Pénin3 ◽  
Laurent Simon4
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Collective Process

Intellectual property rights (IPR) play a strategic role in creative industries. Defined as a collective process, creativity involves actors with contradictory IPR needs. This leads to an “IPR dilemna”. Firms are looking into appropriating creative work and prevent imitation; whereas creative communities need a weak IPR to combine past work and generate novelty. It becomes problematic for individuals to find themselves between these two. As a result, actors are developing specific IPR arrangements (e.g. open source and creative commons practices) to preserve the balance between appropriation and openness allowing creation. Two creative industries are used as illustrations: music and video-games.

scholarly journals Innovation, Imitation and Open Source

2011 ◽  
pp. 114-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufus Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
Formal Framework ◽  
Open Versus ◽  
First Mover

An extensive empirical literature indicates that, even without formal intellectual property rights, innovators enjoy a variety of first-mover advantages and that ‘imitation’ is itself a costly activity. There is also accumulating evidence that an ‘open’ approach to knowledge production can deliver substantial efficiency advantages. This article introduces a formal framework incorporating all of these factors. We examine the relative performance of an ‘open’ versus a ‘closed’ (proprietary) regime, and explicitly characterise the circumstances in which an open approach, despite its effect on facilitating imitation, results in a higher level of innovation.

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