ДІДЖИТАЛІЗАЦІЯ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА НА ТРАНСПОРТІ В УМОВАХ ПАНДЕМІЇ COVID-19

The article seeks to explore opportunities for further entrepreneurship development and its intensification in a pandemic setting, in the transport sector in particular, which is associated with the constant search for and implementation of new ideas, technologies, goods, services, manufacturing methods, etc. to retain a business. An emphasis is put that in modern realia as never before, the effective functioning of any company demands for continuous improvement, renewal, reorganization, finding new pathways to manage and run a successful business. It is noted that this approach is based on the latest concept that assumes significant changes in entrepreneurship in the transport industry and will foster further business development. In addition, the study reveals that the application of digital platforms is viewed as the newest tool that has the potential to boost the transport industry growth. However, despite objective reasons, there is still a lack of proper justification for the need to use digital technologies in transport. It is noted that the Industry Development Strategy 4.0 designed by the Ukrainian Association of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs interprets digital transformation as social or technological changes associated with the penetration of digital technology into all areas of human interactions. The essence of these transformations is to find new approaches and management concepts to resolve classic business challenges. The purpose of this article is to verify the feasibility of transport entrepreneurship based on digital platforms. The study provides insights into the benefits and specifics of digitalization in the context of Covid restrictions adjusted the needs of business acceleration. To attain the research objectives, the tools of information and marketing communications were used as well as the outcomes of marketing research to summarize information on the development of courier delivery and taxi services in Ukraine. Based on the analysis of entrepreneurship in the transport industry, the essential characteristics of digital platforms for taxi service have been discussed. It is argued that a customer focus makes the basis of any successful digital strategy. However, according to the study findings, transport companies need a single comprehensive perception of their customers to develop cooperation and offer a personalized approach to them. The summary concludes that digitalization is aimed at retaining the contact between the consumer and the producer to balance twofold interests: on the one hand, to the producer it will result in profit growth, and on the other – the consumer will be able to get the enhanced service quality, thus managing a close relationship between these two market actors, even in the quarantine realia.

Evaluating Importation of Aquatic Ornamental Species for Biosecurity Purposes

The aquatic ornamental species (AOS) trade is a significant pathway for the introduction and establishment of non-indigenous species into aquatic environments. The likelihood of such occurrences is expected to increase worldwide as industry growth continues and warmer conditions emerge under future climate scenarios. This study used recent (2015 – 2019) New Zealand importation data to determine the composition, diversity, abundance, and arrival frequency of AOS. Our analysis revealed that ca. 300,000 aquatic ornamental individuals are imported annually to New Zealand, with freshwater fish comprising 98% of import quantities. Despite the relatively small market size, the estimated AOS diversity of 865 taxa (89 and 9.5% identified to species and genus level, respectively) is comparable to larger markets with ∼60% of taxa being of marine origin. Species (n = 20) for further investigation were prioritized based on quantity and frequency of import. These prioritized AOS were exclusively tropical and subtropical freshwater fish and align with the most frequently imported AOS globally, including the top three: neon tetra (Paracheirodon innesi), guppy (Poecilia reticulata), and tiger barb (Puntigrus tetrazona). Species distribution modeling of the 20 prioritized AOS predicted that 13 species are suitable for New Zealand’s current climate conditions, most notably sucker-belly loach (Pseudogastromyzon myersi), white cloud mountain minnow (Tanichthys albonubes), and golden otocinclus (Macrotocinclus affinis). Potential changes in habitat suitability were predicted under future climate scenarios, with largest increases (29%) for Po. reticulata. The described approach provides an adaptable framework to assess establishment likelihood of imported AOS to inform regulatory decision making.

Methods of manufacture and innovations in steel aerosol cans’ production

The production of aerosols has had a significant position in the industry for many years. We use aerosol products almost every day for very different purposes. The aerosol industry growth very dynamically, the shapes and the materials of the containers are changing, but the main principle remains the same – “aerosol dispenser shall mean any non-reusable container made of metal, glass or plastic and containing a gas compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure, with or without a liquid, paste or powder, and fitted with a release device allowing the contents to be ejected as solid or liquid particles in suspension in a gas, as a foam, paste or powder or in a liquid state”. The purpose of this article is to present the methods of aerosols’ steel can manufacture together with the changes that have been made over the last century. Since the beginning of aerosol industry metal is the main material from which aerosol containers are made of, and steel is one of the most popular raw materials, the main law requirements regarding aerosol containers made of steel will be analysed. As the consequence of these analyses, the future possible development directions will be shown.

A Regional Industrial Economic Forecasting Model Based on a Deep Convolutional Neural Network and Big Data

To accurately predict the economic development of each industry in different types of regions, a deep convolutional neural network model was designed for predicting the annual GDP; GDP growth index; and primary, secondary and tertiary industry growth values of each. In the model, raw industrial data are preprocessed by a normalization operation and subsequently transformed by the BoxCox method to approach the normal distribution. Panel data of consecutive years are constructed and used as input to the deep convolutional neural network, and industrial data of year t + 1 are used as the output of the network. Simulation experiments were conducted to analyze 23 years of industrial economic data from 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China. The experimental results show that R-squared value is larger than 0.91 for all 31 provinces and root mean squared log errors (RMSLE) of all regions are less than 0.1, which demonstrate that the proposed method achieves high prediction accuracy with generalization capability and can accurately predict the economic growth trends of different types of regions.

Distributed Small-Scale Wind in New Zealand: Advantages, Barriers and Policy Support Instruments

<p>Despite having one of the best wind resources in the world, New Zealand’s wind energy industry is growing at a slower rate than the OECD average. This is arguably due to a lack of appropriate government support, with industry development largely being left to the market. These conditions have created a wind industry with the following four characteristics: a trend toward large-scale wind farms (leading to increased local opposition), a small number of investors, a high geographic concentration of wind capacity and a limited local turbine manufacturing industry. These characteristics are arguably limiting the potential growth of New Zealand’s wind industry. This thesis investigates whether small-scale wind (SSW) farms can alleviate these limiting characteristics and thus provide for a higher rate of industry growth. The approach is to investigate the advantages of, barriers to, and most effective policy instruments for SSW internationally, and apply these to the New Zealand context. Local research was conducted through interviews with 19 energy industry stakeholders and a rural mail survey questionnaire, to which 338 people responded. Research found that SSW offers a number of advantages: significantly higher local public acceptance; facilitation of community ownership; the potential for distributed generation benefits and support for the local turbine manufacturing industry. Given these findings, it is argued that SSW can provide for a higher rate of industry growth in New Zealand. The key barriers constraining SSW in New Zealand are its high cost, obtaining resource consent, a high degree of perceived investment risk, the electricity pricing system and the electricity market structure. The feed-in tariff appears to be the best policy instrument to overcome these barriers, along with the provision of investment subsidies and the classification of SSW as a controlled activity under the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA).</p>

Distributed Small-Scale Wind in New Zealand: Advantages, Barriers and Policy Support Instruments

<p>Despite having one of the best wind resources in the world, New Zealand’s wind energy industry is growing at a slower rate than the OECD average. This is arguably due to a lack of appropriate government support, with industry development largely being left to the market. These conditions have created a wind industry with the following four characteristics: a trend toward large-scale wind farms (leading to increased local opposition), a small number of investors, a high geographic concentration of wind capacity and a limited local turbine manufacturing industry. These characteristics are arguably limiting the potential growth of New Zealand’s wind industry. This thesis investigates whether small-scale wind (SSW) farms can alleviate these limiting characteristics and thus provide for a higher rate of industry growth. The approach is to investigate the advantages of, barriers to, and most effective policy instruments for SSW internationally, and apply these to the New Zealand context. Local research was conducted through interviews with 19 energy industry stakeholders and a rural mail survey questionnaire, to which 338 people responded. Research found that SSW offers a number of advantages: significantly higher local public acceptance; facilitation of community ownership; the potential for distributed generation benefits and support for the local turbine manufacturing industry. Given these findings, it is argued that SSW can provide for a higher rate of industry growth in New Zealand. The key barriers constraining SSW in New Zealand are its high cost, obtaining resource consent, a high degree of perceived investment risk, the electricity pricing system and the electricity market structure. The feed-in tariff appears to be the best policy instrument to overcome these barriers, along with the provision of investment subsidies and the classification of SSW as a controlled activity under the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA).</p>

Coopetition as improvisation: an exploratory comparative case study investigation into Spain’s natural wine industry

Purpose This paper aims to develop an understanding of cooperation and collaboration in the natural wine industry in Spain as well as a deeper understanding of the challenges facing natural wine producers in the 21st century. Design/methodology/approach Field interviews using a structured questionnaire were conducted with five Spanish producers of natural wine in five different regions during fall 2018 and late spring 2019. Interviewers prompted respondents to expound upon the potential of incorporating cooperative relationships to help producers grow their businesses, share production and marketing techniques and explain how they educate consumers about natural wines. Findings Content analysis among five field-researched case studies reveals common goals and challenges, but Spanish natural wine producers have not reached a consensus on the benefits of cooperative relationships. Respondents acknowledge that their indecisiveness and consumer confusion about natural wines are barriers to working together. Research limitations/implications Generalizations from a sample comprised five companies cannot be made, nor can we claim that respondents were unbiased. Respondents were reluctant to release financial and production data; thus, the outcomes of coopetition strategies were indeterminate. It may be that a coopetition strategy is only positive up to a fixed point, upon which a diminishing-returns effect is manifested. Observations were made during a period when the Spanish wine industry was contracting, as political uncertainty in that country and post-Brexit clouded the future of tourism in and exports from certain Spanish wine regions. Practical implications Collaboration and cooperation would afford Spanish natural wine access to shared resources, networks and farming technology and knowhow to enhance the image and reputation of natural wine in Spain and internationally. Social implications To explore how cooperative and collaborative relationships might be achieved, five case studies of natural wine producers in Spain illuminate their real-life challenges and goals. Cooperative relationships among these producers have the potential to contribute to industry growth and value creation, while creating shared competitive advantages. As these niche producers weigh how to come to a consensus about pooling resources and working together to educate the prospective natural wine consumer, doing so may well lead the next wave of entrepreneurial, innovative activity in an industry that is ripe for change. Originality/value To explore how natural wine producers face the challenge to increase transparency in its production and to help consumer to know what natural wine is. In the Old World, the French Fraud Control Office recognized the category “vin méthode nature” (wine nature method) as a special wine. It was the first step towards helping consumers to reduce the information asymmetries existing between the productive and consumption fields, increasing transparency in natural wines production.

Does hydropower growth threaten fish security under the pathway of sustainable development? Evidence from European Union economies

This research explores the impact of hydropower growth on fish supply in European Union Region nations from 1990 to 2019. Using the panel fully modified ordinary least squares, the outcome exhibits the reduced fish supply with the growth in hydropower production. Also, human population density and growth economics were found to be decreasing fish supply and their habitats. While institutional quality and expenditure were found to be increasing fish species and numbers, the finding implies that fish supply in the European Union Region could efficiently be minimized by boosting the quantity of hydropower production with operational procedures. This can ultimately add more burden on an already degraded natural resource and negative environmental impacts. The predicted outcomes are confirmed by dummy panel ordinary least squares and pooled ordinary least squares thus, thought to be valid. The research advised the European Union nations to develop the efficiency and productivity of hydropower in the energy mix to lessen the carbon dioxide releases. The authorities from these nations should further participate in the sustainability of hydropower industry growth by exploring the probability of the unified river managing structures to resolve conflicting economic, political, and ecological benefits. The government of the said nations can similarly stress the sustainability of the hydropower output to reach energy certainty and conservation of fish resources to achieve food security.

Green Economy and Meat Processing–Future Prospects

This paper provides a brief overview of the possible strategies for reducing hydrocarbon emissions from the meat industry according to the Green Deal program of the EU in the next decades. An overview of emerging technologies (high-pressure processing (HPP), shock wave technology (SW), ohmic heating (OH) and pulsed electric field (PEF), cultured meat) that should reduce gas emissions is given, as well as methodologies that can be applied (labelling, sustainable cooking, product lifecycle management (PLM) and product data management (PDM) applications). Noticeably, most novel strategies draw the conclusion that we should go for lower consumption of meat, especially beef, and change habits to eat and prepare foods in energy and environmentally friendly ways, as well as apply the so-called “green” food declaration in the future. Transforming into a climate-friendly economy, protecting biodiversity, and reorienting the agri-food industry growth can contribute to creating greater resilience of society.