Region-wide glacier area and mass budgets for the Shaksgam River Basin, Karakoram Mountains, during 2000–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-188
Author(s):  
Panpan Wang ◽  
Zhongqin Li ◽  
Chunhai Xu ◽  
Puyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Karakoram Mountains

scholarly journals Estimation of discharge from Langtang River basin, Rasuwa, Nepal, using a glacio-hydrological model

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (66) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niraj S. Pradhananga ◽  
Rijan B. Kayastha ◽  
Bikas C. Bhattarai ◽  
Tirtha R. Adhikari ◽  
Suresh C. Pradhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
The Future ◽  
Total Discharge

AbstractThis paper provides the results of semi-distributed positive degree-day (PDD) modelling for a glacierized river basin in Nepal. The main objective is to estimate the present and future discharge from the glacierized Langtang River basin using a PDD model (PDDM). The PDDM is calibrated for the period 1993–98 and is validated for the period 1999–2006 with Nash–Sutcliffe values of 0.85 and 0.80, respectively. Furthermore, the projected precipitation and temperature data from 2010 to 2050 are obtained from the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Norway, for the representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) scenario. The Weather Research and Forecasting regional climate model is used to downscale the data from the Norwegian Earth System Model general circulation model. Projected discharge shows no significant trend, but in the future during the pre-monsoon period, discharge will be high and the peak discharge will be in July whereas it is in August at present. The contribution of snow and ice melt from glaciers and snowmelt from rocks and vegetation will decrease in the future: in 2040–50 it will be just 50% of the total discharge. The PDDM is sensitive to monthly average temperature, as a 2°C temperature increase will increase the discharge by 31.9%. Changes in glacier area are less sensitive, as glacier area decreases of 25% and 50% result in a change in the total discharge of –5.7% and –11.4%, respectively.

scholarly journals Inventory of Glaciers in the Shaksgam Valley of the Chinese Karakoram Mountains, 1970–2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haireti Alifu ◽  
Yukiko Hirabayashi ◽  
Brian Johnson ◽  
Jean-Francois Vuillaume ◽  
Akihiko Kondoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Thematic Mapper ◽  
Western China ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Glacier Inventory ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Glacier Terminus ◽  
Glacier Changes ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Karakoram Mountains

The Shaksgam Valley, located on the north side of the Karakoram Mountains of western China, is situated in the transition zone between the Indian monsoon system and dry arid climate zones. Previous studies have reported abnormal behaviors of the glaciers in this region compared to the global trend of glacier retreat, so the region is of special interest for glacier-climatological studies. For this purpose, long-term monitoring of glaciers in this region is necessary to obtain a better understanding of the relationships between glacier changes and local climate variations. However, accurate historical and up-to-date glacier inventory data for the region are currently unavailable. For this reason, this study conducted glacier inventories for the years 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2014 (i.e., a ~10-year interval) using multi-temporal remote sensing imagery. The remote sensing data used included Corona KH-4A/B (1965–1971), Hexagon KH-9 (1980), Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) (1990/1993), Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) (2000/2001), and Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) (2014/2015) multispectral satellite images, as well as digital elevation models (DEMs) from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), DEMs generated from Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) images (2005–2014), and Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) World 3D 30 m mesh (AW3D30). In the year 2014, a total of 173 glaciers (including 121 debris-free glaciers) (>0.5 km2), covering an area of 1478 ± 34 km2 (area of debris-free glaciers: 295 ± 7 km2) were mapped. The multi-temporal glacier inventory results indicated that total glacier area change between 1970–2014 was not significant. However, individual glacier changes showed significant variability. Comparisons of the changes in glacier terminus position indicated that 55 (32 debris-covered) glaciers experienced significant advances (~40–1400 m) between 1970–2014, and 74 (32 debris-covered) glaciers experienced significant advances (~40–1400 m) during the most recent period (2000–2014). Notably, small glaciers showed higher sensitivity to climate changes, and the glaciers located in the western part of the study site were exhibiting glacier area expansion compared to other parts of the Shaksgam Valley. Finally, regression analyses indicated that topographic parameters were not the main driver of glacier changes. On the contrary, local climate variability could explain the complex behavior of glaciers in this region.

scholarly journals Response of glacier area variation to climate change in the Kaidu-Kongque river basin during the last 20 years

China Geology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Lu-chen Wang ◽  
◽  
Kun Yu ◽  
Liang Chang ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Area Variation

scholarly journals Glacier area changes in the Pumqu river basin, Tibetan Plateau, between the 1970s and 2001

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (175) ◽  
pp. 607-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Jin ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Tao Che ◽  
Lizong Wu ◽  
Pradeep Mool
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Remote Sensing Images ◽  
Glacier Inventory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

AbstractGlacier area changes in the Pumqu river basin, Tibetan Plateau, between the 1970s and 2001 are analyzed, based on the Chinese Glacier Inventory and ASTER images. A new glacier inventory is obtained by visually interpreting the remote-sensing images and the digital elevation model. By comparing the two inventories, glacier area changes over the past 30 years are revealed. The results show that the area loss is about 9.0% and the shrinkage trend continues according to the meteorological data.

scholarly journals Glacier changes in the Koshi River basin, central Himalaya, from 1976 to 2009, derived from remote-sensing imagery

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (66) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghui Shangguan ◽  
Shiyin Liu ◽  
Yongjian Ding ◽  
Lizong Wu ◽  
Wei Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Central Himalaya ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Area Loss ◽  
Glacier Changes ◽  
Precipitation Decrease ◽  
Koshi River Basin ◽  
The Himalaya

AbstractWe use remote-sensing and GIS technologies to monitor glacier changes in the Koshi River basin, central Himalaya. The results indicate that in 2009 there were 2061 glaciers in this region, with a total area of 3225 ±90.3 km2. This glacier population is divided into 1290 glaciers, with a total area of 1961 ±54.9 km2, on the north side of the Himalaya (NSH), and 771 glaciers, with a total area of 1264 ± 35.4 km2, on the south side of the Himalaya (SSH). From 1976 to 2009, glacier area in the basin decreased by about 19±5.6% (0.59±0.17%a–1). Glacier reduction was slightly faster on SSH (20.3 ±5.6%) than on NSH (18.8±5.6%). The maximum contribution to glacier area loss came from glaciers within the 1-5 km2 area interval, which accounted for 32% of total area loss between 1976 and 2009. The number of glaciers in the Koshi River catchment decreased by 145 between 1976 and 2009. Glacier area on SSH decreased at a rate of 6.2 ±3.2% (0.68 ±0.36% a–1), faster than on NSH, where the rate was 2.5 ±3.2% (0.27±0.36% a–1) during 2000-09. Based on records from Tingri weather station, we infer that temperature increase and precipitation decrease were the main causes of glacier thinning and retreat during the 1976-2000 period. Glacier retreat during the 2000-09 period appears to be controlled by temperature increase, since precipitation increase over this period did not offset ice losses to surface melting.

scholarly journals Analysis of Glacier Area Recession in Vodudahue River Basin and Its Relation with Climate Change

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Landsat Imagery ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Climate Variations ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Glacier Recession ◽  
Multi Temporal

This research analyses the glacier recession in the surface area of the Vodudahue river basin glaciers located in Chile, at Comau fjord. A multi-temporal analysis was performed by utilizing Landsat imagery from 1987 to 2017 at a 10-year interval. Also, climate variations regarding temperature and precipitation provided by San Ignacio de Huinay weather station were analyzed. The results show a close relation between the glacier recession in the surface area of identified glaciers and the climate variability in recent years.

scholarly journals Assessment of Glacier Area Change in the Tekes River Basin, Central Tien Shan, Kazakhstan Between 1976 and 2013 Using Landsat and KH-9 Imagery

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zamira Usmanova ◽  
Maria Shahgedanova ◽  
Igor Severskiy ◽  
Gennady Nosenko ◽  
Vassiliy Kapitsa
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Glacier Area ◽  
Uncertainty Of Measurement ◽  
Area Reduction ◽  
Glacier Recession ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recession Rates ◽  
Northern Tien Shan

Abstract. Changes in glacierized area in the Kazakhstani sector of the Tekes River basin were assessed using Landsat and KH-9 imagery from 2013, 1992 and 1976. Between 1992 and 2013, the combined area of 118 glaciers declined from 121.4 ± 9.2 km2 to 105.0 ± 5.5 km2. The total area loss was 16.4 ± 5.9 km2 or 13.5 ± 7.5 %. The rate of area reduction was 0.78 km2 a-1 or 0.64 % a-1. This rate is lower than in other regions of northern Tien Shan because of the presence of several large glaciers in the sample. The combined glacier area in 2013 exceeds the combined glacier area reported by the RGI5.0/GAMDAM inventories for 1999–2003 by 24 % because the latter did not include glacierized areas on slopes exceeding 40° and a number of small glaciers. Changes in the recession rates between 1976, 1992 and 2013 were examined using a sub-sample of 28 glaciers which occupied 61% of the total glacierized area in 1992 and 64 % in 2013. These glaciers lost 8.3 ± 5.6 % in the 1976–1992 period, 8.4 ± 5.9 % in the 1992–2013 period and 16.0 ± 5.8 % between 1976 and 2013. The recession rates were 0.52 ± 0.35 % a-1 in 1976–1992 and 0.40 ± 0.28 % a-1 in 1992–2013 and although they appear to indicate a slow down in the glacier recession, the change in the retreat rates is within the uncertainty of measurement. The relative reduction in glacier area in the sub-sample is lower than for the basin as a whole because of a larger size of glaciers. Temperature increase was observed in all seasons reaching 0.18 °C per 10 years in summer and 0.39 °C per 10 years in autumn in the 1947–2015 period. Precipitation exhibited strong variability declining between 1952 and 1977 and then increasing until 2000s with a number of dry years in the 2010s. There was no statistically significant difference between the means of annual precipitation in the 1952–1977 and 1977–2015 periods. Combined with the nearly steady recession rates, this suggests that it is an increase in summer, late spring and early autumn temperature that drives glacier retreat.

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